Faculty Profiles Graduate Studies Undergrad Studies
Facilities Research Programs Research Institutes Department Seminars

John Keana PUBLICATIONS - for Patents, click HERE.

1. Kaufman, K. D.; Keana, J. F. W.; Kelly, R. C.; McBride, D. W.; Slomp, G. "Synthetic Furocoumarins," J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 2567-2572.

2. Johnson, W. S.; Keana, J. F. W.; Marshall, J. A. "Racemic Progesterone," Tetrahedron Lett. 1963, 193-196.

3. Keana, J. F. W. "The Protection of Carbonyl and Hydroxyl Groups," In Steroid Reactions -- An Outline for Organic Chemists; Djerassi, C., Ed.; Holden-Day, Inc.: San Francisco, CA, l963; Chapter 1.

4. Keana, J. F. W.; Johnson, W. S. "Racemic Cholesterol," Steroids 1964, 4, 457-462.

5. Johnson, W. S.; Marshall, J. A.; Keana, J. F. W.; Franck, R. W.; Martin, D. G. Bauer, V. J. "Steroid Total Synthesis-Hydrochrysene Approach. XVI. Racemic Conessine, Progesterone, Cholesterol and Some Closely Related Natural Products," Tetrahedron 1966, Supp. 8, Part II, 541-601.

6. Breslow, R.; Fairweather, R.; Keana, J. F. W. "Metal Catalyzed Hydration of Phenanthroline Nitrole," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 2135-2138.

7. Keana, J. F. W.; Keana, S. B.; Beetham, D. "A New Versatile Ketone Spin Label," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 3055-3056.

8. Keana, J. F. W.; Keana, S. B.; Beetham, D. "Photolytic Reaction of Ethyl Aziodoformate with Enol Acetates," J. Org. Chem. 1967, 32, 3057-3061.

9. Griffith, O. H.; Keana, J. F. W.; Rottschaefer, S.; Warlick, T. A. "Preparation and Magnetic Resonance of Nitroxide Polymers," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 5072.

10. Griffith, O. H.; Keana, J. F. W.; Noall, D. L.; Ivey, J. L. "Nitroxide Mixed Carboxylic-Carbonic Acid Anhydrides. A New Class of Versatile Spin Labels," Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1967, 148, 583-585.

11. Keana, J. F. W.; Baitis, F. "Photolysis of the Stable Nitroxide, 3-Carbamoyl-2,2,5,5-Tetramethylpyrroline-l-oxyl: A New Photocycloelimination of Nitric Oxide," Tetrahedron Lett. 1968, 365-368.

12. Keana, J. F. W.; Wright, C. C. "Photochemical Reaction at ca. 3500 ‰ of Nitric Oxide with Cyclohexane and Toluene," J. Org. Chem. 1969, 34, 729-730.

13. Keana, J. F. W.; Mason, F. P.; Bland, J. S. "Synthetic Intermediates Potentially Useful for the Synthesis of Tetrodotoxin and Derivatives," J. Org. Chem. 1969, 34, 3705-3707.

14. Keana, J. F. W.; Mason, F. P. "Unusual Selectivity in the Halogenation of Methyl (2'-Acetamido-4'(3'H)pyrimidone-6'-yl)acetate with N-Halosuccinimides in N,N-Dimethylformamide," J. Org. Chem. 1970, 35, 838-840.

15. Keana, J. F. W.; Kim, C. U. "Synthetic Intermediates Potentially Useful for the Synthesis of Tetrodotoxin and Derivatives. II. Reaction of Diazomethane with Some Shikimic Acid Derivatives," J. Org. Chem. 1970, 35, 1093-1096.

16. Keana, J. F. W.; Schumaker, R. R. "A New Method for the Selective Halogenation of the Methyl Group of Methyl Ketones," Tetrahedron 1970, 26, 5191-5194.

17. Keana, J. F. W.; Kim, C. U. "Synthetic Intermediates Potentially Useful for the Synthesis of Tetrodotoxin and Derivatives. III. Synthesis of a Key Lactone Intermediate from Shikimic Acid," J. Org. Chem. 1971, 36, 118-127.

18. Keana, J. F. W.; Baitis, F.; Dinerstein, R. J. "Photolysis of the Stable Nitroxide, 4-Hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-l-oxyl," J. Org. Chem. 1971, 36, 209-211.

19. Bland, J. S.; Keana, J. F. W. "Reductive Cleavage of Acyl Guanidines to Amines," Chem. Commun. 1971, 1024-1025.

20. Keana, J. F. W.; Dinerstein, R. J. "A New Highly Anisotropic Dinitroxide Ketone Spin-Label. A Sensitive Probe for Membrane Structure," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1971, 93, 2808-2812.

21. Keana, J. F. W.; Dinerstein, R. J.; Dolata, D. P. "On the Recently Reported Synthesis of the Stable Nitroxide, 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylaziridine-l-oxyl," Tetrahedron Lett. 1972, 119-120.

22. Schumaker, R. R.; Keana, J. F. W. "Synthesis of the ABC Ring System of Batrachotoxin," Chem. Commun. 1972, 622.

23. Reich, R.; Keana, J. F. W. "Oppenauer Oxidation Using 1-Methyl-4-piperidone as the Hydride Acceptor," Synth. Commun. 1972, 2, 323-325.

24. Strong, P. N.; Smith, J. T.; Keana, J. F. W. "A Convenient Bioassay for Detecting Nanomolar Concentrations of Tetrodotoxin," Toxicon 1973, 11, 433-438.

25. Keana, J. F. W., Dolata, D. P.; Ollerenshaw, J. "N,N-Ditosylhydrazones: Synthesis and Some Unique Reactions with Alkyllithium Reagents," J. Org. Chem. 1973, 38, 3815-3816.

26. Keana, J. F. W.; St”mpfli, R. "Effect of Several 'Specific' Chemical Reagents on the Na+, K+ and Leakage Currents in Voltage Clamped Single Nodes of Ranvier," Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1974, 373, 18-33.

27. Strong, P. N.; Keana, J. F. W. "Monoesters of Cyclohexane-1?,3?,5?-triol," J. Org. Chem. 1975, 40, 956-957.

28. Keana, J. F. W.; Lee, T. D. "A Versatile Synthesis of Doxyl Spin Labels Bypassing the Usual Ketone Precursors," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 1273-1274.

29. Lee, T. D.; Keana, J. F. W. "In Situ Reduction of Nitroxide Spin Labels with Phenylhydrazine in CDCl3 Solution: A Convenient Method for Obtaining Structured Information on Nitroxides Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy," J. Org. Chem. 1975, 40, 3145-3147.

30. Keana, J. F. W.; Lee, T. D.; Bernard, E. M. "Side Chain Substituted 2,2,5,5-Tetramethylpyrrolidine-N-oxyl (Proxyl) Nitroxides. A New Series of Lipid Spin Labels Showing Improved Properties for the Study of Biological Membranes," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 3052-3053.

31. Keana, J. F. W.; Bland, J. S.; Eckler, P. E.; Nelson, V.; Gougoutas, J. Z. "Diels-Alder Reactions Involving Heterocyclic Dienophiles. Synthesis of Substituted Hydroquinazolines and 1,3-Diazaspiro[4,5]deca dienes," J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 2124-2129.

32. Keana, J. F. W.; Eckler, P. E. "Synthesis and Stereochemistry of (E,E) 1,4-Diacetoxy-2-methyl-1,3-butadiene and Related Compounds," J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 2625-2627.

33. Strong, P. N.; Keana, J. F. W. "Modification of Tetrodotoxin with Succinic Anhydride," Bioorganic Chem. 1976, 5, 255-262.

34. Keana, J. F. W.; Eckler, P. E. "A New Furan and Dihydro-?-pyrone Synthesis via Diels-Alder Reactions Between Methyl 2-(2'-Acetamido-4'(1'H)pyrimidone'6'yl)glyoxyl and Diethyl Oxomalonate and Oxygenated 1,3-Dienes," J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 2850-2854.

35. Keana, J. F. W.; Ertle, A. R. "Stearoyl p-Toluenesulfonate. A Powerful Acylating Agent for Lipid Synthesis," Chem. Phys. Lipids 1976, 17, 402-406.

36. Keana, J. F. W.; Morse, R. H. "1,3-Dioxepin," Tetrahedron Lett. 1976, 25, 2113-2114.

37. Lee, T. D.; Keana, J. F. W. "Nitrones and Nitroxides Derived from Oxazolines and Dihydrooxazines," J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 3237-3241.

38. Keana, J. F. W.; Schumaker, R. R. "Synthesis of the ABC Ring System of Batrachotoxin and Several Related Highly Functionalized Cholane Derivatives," J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 3840-3846.

39. Keana, J. F. W.; Norton, R. S.; Morello, M.; van Engen, D.; Clardy, J. "Mononitroxides and Proximate Dinitroxides Derived by Oxidation of 2,2,4,4,5,5-Hexasubstituted Imidazolidines. A New Series of Nitroxide and Dinitroxide Spin Labels," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 934-937.

40. Keana, J. F. W.; Roman, R. B. "An Improved Synthesis of n-Octyl-?-D-Glucoside: A Non-ionic Detergent of Considerable Potential in Membrane Biochemistry," J. Membrane Biochem. 1978, 1, 323-327.

41. Lee, T. D.; Birrell, G. B.; Keana, J. F. W. "A New Series of Minimum Steric Perturbation Nitroxide Spin Labels," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 1618-1619.

42. Keana, J. F. W. "Newer Aspects of the Synthesis and Chemistry of Nitroxide Spin Labels," Chem. Rev. 1978, 78, 37-64.

43. Boyle, P. J.; Keana, J. F. W. "Synthesis of Puruvate Esters by the Reaction of Sodium Pyruvate with Organic Halides in DMSO," Org. Prepr. Proced. Int. 1978, 10, 101-104.

44. Keana, J. F. W.; Bernard, E. M.; Roman, R. B. "Selective Reduction of Doxyl and Proxyl Nitroxide Carboxylic Acids to the Corresponding Alcohols with Borane Methyl Sulfide," Synth. Commun. 1978, 8, 169-173.

45. Birrell, G. B.; Lee, T. D.; Griffith, O. H.; Keana, J. F. W. "Synthesis and Properties of Chlorophyll-Derived Nitroxide Spin Labels," Bioorg. Chem. 1978, 7, 325-337.

46. Lee, T. D.; Keana, J. F. W. "Nitroxides Derived from 3,4-Dihydro-2,5-dimethyl-2H-pyrrole-1-oxide: A New Series of Minimum Steric Perturbation Lipid Spin Labels," J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 4226-4231.

47. Lee, T. D.; Birrell, G. B.; Bjorkman, P.; Keana, J. F. W. "ESR Studies of Azethoxyl Nitroxides Incorporated into Thiourea Crystals, Membrane Modes Systems and Chromatophores from Rhodopseudomonas Sphaeroides Ga," Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1979, 550, 369-383.

48. Keana, J. F. W.; LaFleur, L. E. "Saturated and Unsaturated Proxyl Nitroxide Spin Labels with Terminally Located Nitroxide Groups," Chem. Phys. Lipids 1979, 23, 253-265.

49. Keana, J. F. W. "New Aspects of Nitroxide Chemistry," In Spin Labeling: Theory and Applications; Berliner, L. J. Ed.; Academic Press, 1979; Vol. 2, Chapter 3, pp 115-172.

50. Birrell G. B.; Boyd S. A.; Keana, J. F. W.; Griffith, O. H. "Transverse Motion of Chlorophyll Derivatives in Phospholipid Bilayers," Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1980, 603, 213-29.

51. Brotherus, J. R.; Jost P. C.; Griffith, O. H.; Keana, J. F. W.; Hokin, L. E. "Charge Selectivity at the Lipid-Protein Interface of Membraneous Na,K-ATPase," Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1980, 77, 272-276.

52. Cuomo, J.; Merrifield, J. H.; Keana, J. F. W. "Synthesis and Properties of Mixed Aryl Glucosyl Disulfides: Models for a New Class of Cleavable Non Ionic Detergents," J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 4216-4219.

53. Keana, J. F. W.; Boyd, S. A. "Tritiation of the Nitroxide Spin Labeled Fatty Acid 14-Proxylstearic Acid," J. Labelled Compd. Radiopharm. 1981, 18, 403-406.

54. Keana, J. F. W.; Tamura, T.; McMillan, D. A.; Jost, P. C. "Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Cholesterol Nitroxide Spin Label. Application to the Molecular Organization of Human High Density Lipoprotein," J. Am. Chem Soc. 1981, 103, 4904-4912.

55. Keana, J. F. W.; Acarregui, M. J.; Boyle, S. L. M. "2,2-Disubstituted-4,4-dimethylimidazolidinyl-3-oxyl Nitroxides: Indicators of Aqueous Acidity through Variation of ?N with pH," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 827-830.

56. Keana, J. F. W.; Hideg, K.; Birrell, G. B.; Hankovszky, O. H.; Ferguson, G.; Parvez, M. "New Mono- and Difunctionalized 2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine- and D3-pyrroline-l-oxyl Nitroxide Spin Labels," Can. J. Chem. 1982, 60, 1439-1447.

57. Keana, J. F. W.; Seyedrezai, S. E. "Synthesis of Diamagnetic Structural Analogues of Representative Doxyl, Proxyl, Piperidine and Pyrroline Nitroxide Spin Labels," J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 347-352.

58. Keana, J. F. W.; Boyd, S. A.; McMillan, D. A.; Bernard, E. M.; Jost, P. C. "Synthesis of Charged Amphipathic Nitroxide Lipid Spin Labels and as Example of Their Application in Membrane Studies," Chem. Phys. Lipids 1982, 31, 339-349.

59. Keana, J. F. W.; Taneja, H. R.; Erion, M. "Synthesis of 3-Substituted 1-Acyloxy-1,3-butadienes via Thermolysis of the Corresponding Cyclobutenes," Synth. Commun. 1982, 12, 167-176.

60. Roman, R. B.; Keana, J. F. W. "Nitroxide Spin Labeled Analogues of the Non-ionic Detergent Triton X-100," Chem. Phys. Lipids 1982, 31, 161-168.

61. Dreyer, J. L.; Beinert, H.; Keana, J. F. W.; Hankovszky, O. H.; Hideg, K.; Eaton, S. S.; Eaton, G. R. "A Spin Label Study of the Disposition of the Fe-S Cluster with Respect to the Active Center of Aconitase," Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1983, 745, 229-236.

62. Keana, J. F. W.; Cuomo, J.; Lex, L.; Seyedrezai, S. E. "Azethoxyl Nitroxide Spin Labeled Crown Ethers and Cryptands with the N-O Group Positioned Near the Cavity," J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 2647-2654.

63. Keana, J. F. W.; Seyedrezai, S. E.; Gaughan, G. "Difunctionalized trans 2,5-Disubstituted Pyrrolidine (Azethoxyl) Nitroxide Spin Labels," J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 2644-2647.

64. Keana, J. F. W.; Guzikowski, A. P.; Morat, C.; Volwerk, J. J. "Detergents Containing a 1,3-Diene Group in the Hydrophilic Dienophiles in Aqueous Solution," J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 2661-2666.

65. Keana, J. F. W.; Guzikowski, A. P.; Ward, D. D.; Morat, C.; Van Nice, F. L. "Potent Hydrophilic Dienophiles. Synthesis and Aqueous Stability of Several 4-Aryl- and Sulfonated 4-Aryl-1,2,4-Triazoline-3,5-diones and Their Immobilization on Silica Gel," J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 2654-2660.

66. Keana, J. F. W.; Little, G. M. "Synthesis and Elaboration of 3-Substituted 4-Nitroisoxazoles," Heterocycles 1983, 20, 1291-1294.

67. Keana, J. F. W.; Boyle, P. J.; Erion, M.; Hartling, R.; Husman, J. R.; Richman, J. E.; Roman, R. B.; Wah, R. M. "Synthetic Intermediates Potentially Useful for the Synthesis of Tetrodotoxin and Derivatives. VIII. A Series of Highly Functionalized Pyrimidones," J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 3621-3626.

68. Keana, J. F. W.; Bland, J. S.; Boyle, P. J.; Erion, M.; Hartling, R.; Husman, J. R.; Roman, R. B.; Ferguson, G.; Parvez, M. "Synthetic Intermediates Potentially Useful for the Synthesis of Tetrodotoxin and Derivatives. IX. Hydroquinazolines Possessing the Carbon Skeleton of Tetrodotoxin," J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 3627-3631.

69. Keana, J. F. W.; Ward, D. D. "1,3-Diene-containing Phase Transfer Catalysts and Their Removal from Solution by a Diels-Alder Reaction with an Immobilized Triazolinedione Dienophile," Synth. Commun. 1983, 13, 729-735.

70. Keana, J. F. W. "Synthesis and Chemistry of Nitroxide Spin Labels," Chapter in Spin Labeling in Pharmacology; Holtzman, J. L., Ed.; Academic Press, 1984; pp 1-84.

71. Prabhu, V. S.; Keana, J. F. W. "Improved Preparation of 2-Chloro-6-methylanthraquinone, A Precursor for the Corresponding 6-Carboxylic Acid Esters and 2-Chloro-6,9,10-trimethylanthracene," Org. Prep. Proced. Int. 1984, 329-333.

72. Keana, J. F. W.; Van Nice, F. L. "Influence of Structure on the Reduction of Nitroxide MRI Contrast-Enhancing Agents by Ascorbate," Physiol. Chem. Phys. Med. NMR 1985, 16, 477-480.

73. Keana, J. F. W.; Heo, G. S.; Gaughan, G. T. "Stereospecific Synthesis of Difunctionalized cis 2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-disubstituted Pyrrolidine (Azethoxyl) Nitroxides by Oxidative Cleavage of Protected 8-Azabicyclo-[3.2.1]-octane Precursors," J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 2346-2351.

74. Keana, J. F. W.; Prabhu, V. S.; Ohmiya, S.; Klopfenstein, C. E. "2-(9,10-Dimethoxyanthracenyl)-tert-butyl Nitroxide. An ESR Spectroscopic Indicator of Singlet Oxygen," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 5020-5021.

75. Keana, J. F. W.; Pou, S. "Nitroxide-Doped Liposomes Containing Entrapped Oxidant: An Approach to the 'Reduction Problem' of Nitroxides as MRI Contrast Agents," Physiol. Chem. Phys. Med. NMR 1985, 17, 235-240.

76. Keana, J. F. W.; Ogan, M. D.; L¸, Y.; Beer, M.; Varkey, J. "Functionalized Heteropolytungstate Anions Possessing a Modified Dawson Structure: Small, Individually Distinguishable Labels for Conventional Transmission Electron Microscopy," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 6714-6715.

77. McMillen, D. A.; Volwerk, J. J.; Ohishi, J.-I.; Erion, M.; Keana, J. F. W.; Jost, P. C.; Griffith, O. H. "Identifying Regions of Membrane Proteins in Contact with Phospholipid Headgroups: Covalent Attachment of a New Class of Aldehyde Lipid Labels to Cytochrome c Oxidase," Biochemistry 1986, 25, 182-193.

78. Griffith, O. H.; McMillen, D. A.; Keana, J. F. W.; Jost, P. C. "Lipid-protein Interactions in Cytochrome c Oxidase, A Comparison of Covalently Attached Phospholipid Photo-spin Label with Label Free to Diffuse in the Bilayer," Biochemistry 1986, 25, 574-584.

79. Keana, J. F. W.; Shimizu, M.; Jernstedt, K. K. "Functionalized Silica Gel as a Support for Solid Phase Organic Synthesis," J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 1641-1644.

80. Keana, J. F. W.; Shimizu, M.; Jernstedt, K. K. "A Short, Flexible Route to Symmetrically and Unsymmetrically Substituted Diphosphatidylglycerols (Cardiolipins)," J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 2297-2299.

81. Keana, J. F. W.; Prabhu, V. S.; Ohmiya, S.; Klopfenstein, C. E. "9,10-Disubstituted 2-Anthracenyl-tert-butyl Nitroxides. ESR Spectroscopic Indicators for Singlet Oxygen," J. Org. Chem. 1986, 5l, 3456-3462.

82. Keana, J. F. W.; Prabhu, V. S. "trans-2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-bis(3-aminopropyl)pyrrolidinyl-1-oxy: A trans-Diamino Azethoxyl Nitroxide," J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 4300-4301.

83. Keana, J. F. W.; Ogan, M. D. "Functionalized Keggin- and Dawson-Type Cyclopentadienyltitanium Heteropolytungstate Anions: Small, Individually Distinguishable Labels for Conventional Transmission Electron Microscopy. I. Synthesis," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, l08, 795l-7957.

84. Keana, J. F. W.; Ogan, M. D.; L¸, Y.; Beer, M.; Varkey, J. "Functionalized Keggin- and Dawson-Type Cyclopentadienyltitanium Heteropolytungstate Anions: Small, Individually Distinguishable Labels for Conventional Transmission Electron Microscopy. II. Reactions," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, l08, 7957-7963.

85. Weber, E.; Sonders, M.; Quarum, M.; McClean, S.; Pou, S.; Keana, J. F. W. "[3H]-1,3-Di-ortho-tolyl-guanidine: A Selective Ligand for Sigma Receptors to Psychotomimetic Opiates and Antipsychotic Drugs," Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1986, 83, 8784-8788.

86. Keana, J. F. W.; Wu, Y.; Wu, G. "Di-, Tri-, Tetra- and Pentacationic Alkylammonium Salts. Ligands Designed to Prevent the Non-Specific Electrostatic Precipitation of Polyanionic, Functionalized Cyclopentadienyltitanium-Substituted Heteropolytungstate Electron Microscopy Labels with Cationic Biomolecules," J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 257l-2576.

87. Nye, A. C.; Rosen, G. M; Gabrielson, E. W.; Keana, J. F. W.; Prabhu, V. S. "Diffusion of Singlet Oxygen into Human Bronchial Cells," Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1987, 928, l-7.

88. Adams, J. T.; Teal, P. M.; Sonders, M.; Tester, B.; Esherick, J. S.; Scherz, M. W.; Keana, J. F. W.; Weber, E. "Synthesis and Characterization of an Affinity Label for Brain Receptors to Psychotomimetic Benzomorphans: Differentiation of ?-Type and Phencyclidine Receptors," Eur. J. Pharmacol. 1987, l42, 6l-7l.

89. Keana, J. F. W.; Pou, S.; Rosen, G. M. "Nitroxides as Potential Contrast Enhancing Agents for MRI Application: Influence of Structure on the Rate of Reduction by Rat Hepatocytes, Whole Liver Homogenate, Subcellular Fractions, and Ascorbate," Magn. Reson. Med. 1987, 5, 525-536.

90. Kuppe, A.; Mrsny, R. J.; Shimizu, M.; Firsan, S. J.; Keana, J. F. W.; Griffith, O. H. "Labeling of Bovine Heart Cytochrome c Oxidase with Analogues of Phospholipids. Synthesis and Reactivity of a New Cardiolipin Benzaldehyde Probe," Biochemistry 1987, 26, 7693-770l.

91. Sonders, M. S.; Keana, J. F. W.; Weber, E. "Phencyclidine and Psychotomimetic Opiates: Recent Insights into their Biochemical and Physiological Sites of Action," Trends in Neurosciences 1988, ll, 37-40.

92. Keana, J. F. W.; Prabhu, V. S.; Shen, D. "Synthesis of Spiro-Heterocyclic Nitroxides Derived from 4-Piperidone," J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 2365-2367.

93. Kavanaugh, M. P.; Tester, B.; Scherz, M. W.; Keana, J. F. W.; Weber, E. "Identification of the Binding Subunit of the ?-Type Opiate Receptor by Photoaffinity Labeling with 1-(4-azido-2-methyl[6-3H]phenyl)3-(2-methyl[4,6-3H]phenyl)guanidine," Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1988, 85, 2844-2848.

94. Keana, J. F. W.; Heo, G. S.; Mann, J. S.; Van Nice, F. L.; Lex, L.; Prabhu, V. S.; Ferguson, G. "Synthesis and Chemistry of N-Oxygenated Pyrroles: Crystal and Molecular Structure of a Highly Stable N-Hydroxypyrrole l8-Crown Ether Hydrate," J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 2268-2274.

95. Weber, E.; Keana, J. F. W.; Fischer, J. B.; Server, A. C. "Sigma Receptors Labeled with [3H]DTG, a New Specific Ligand of High Affinity," Biotech. Update 1988, 3, 3-13.

96. Keana, J. F. W.; Scherz, M. W.; Quarum, M.; Sonders, M. S.; Weber, E. "Synthesis and Characterization of a Radiolabelled Derivative of the Phencyclidine/N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Ligand (+)MK-801 with High Specific Radioactivity," Life Sciences 1988 43, 965-973.

97. Keana, J. F. W.; Cai, S. X. "Functionalized Perfluorophenyl Azides: New Reagents for Photoaffinity Labeling," J. Fluorine Chem. 1989, 43, 151-154.

98. Keana, J. F. W.; Pou, S.; Rosen, G. M. "Synthesis and Properties of Some Nitroxide ?-Carboxylate Salts," J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 2417-2420.

99. Campbell, B. G.; Scherz, M. W.; Keana, J. F. W.; Weber, E. "Sigma Receptors Regulate Contractions of the Guinea Pig Ileum Longitudinal Muscle/Myenteric Plexus Preparation Elicited by Both Electrical Stimulation and Exogenous Serotonin," J. Neuroscience 1989, 9, 3380-3391.

100. Keana, J. F. W.; Pou, S. "Synthesis of Two Photolabile Benzyl Manganese Derivatives, Each Incorporating a Geometrically Inaccessible Radical Trap," Org. Prep. Proced. Int. 1989, 21, 303-308.

101. Keana, J. F. W.; Scherz, M.; McBurney, R. N.; Fischer, James B.; Hamilton, P. N.; Smith, S. M.; Server, A. C.; Finkbeiner, S.; Stevens, C. F.; Jahr, C.; Weber, E. "Synthesis and Characterization of a Series of Diarylguanidines that are Noncompetitive N-Methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Antagonists with Neuroprotective Properties," Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1989, 86, 5631-5635.

102. Cai, S. X.; Keana, J. F. W. "4-Azido-2-iodo-3,5,6-trifluorophenylcarbonyl Derivatives. A New Class of Functionalized and Iodinated Perfluorophenyl Azide Photolabels," Tetrahedron Lett. 1989, 30, 5409-5412.

103. Kavanaugh, M. P.; Parker, J.; Bobker, D. H.; Keana, J. F. W.; Weber, E. "Solubilization and Characterization of Sigma Receptors from Guinea Pig Brain Membranes," J. Neurochem. 1989, 53, 1575-1580.

104. Keana, J. F. W.; Lex, L.; Mann, J. S.; May, J. M.; Park, J. H.; Pou, S.; Prabhu, V. S.; Rosen, G. M.; Sweetman B. J.; Wu, Y. "Novel Nitroxides for Spin-Labelling, -Trapping, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Applications," Pure Appl. Chem. 1990, 62, 201-205.

105. Shashidhar, M. S.; Volwerk, J. J.; Keana, J. F. W.; Griffith, O. H. "Inhibition of Phosphatidylinositol-Specific Phospholipase C by Phosphonate Substrate Analogues," Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1990, 1042, 410-412.

106. Quarum, M. L.; Parker, J. D.; Keana, J. F. W.; Weber, E. ""NMDA Receptor Associated (+) [3H]MK-801 Binding Sites in Post-mortem Human Brain," J. Neurochem. 1990, 54, 1163-1168.

107. Bennett, H. F.; Brown, R. D. III; Keana, J. F. W.; Koenig, S. H.; Swartz, H. M. "Interactions of Nitroxides with Plasma and Blood: Effect on 1/T1 of Water Protons," Magn. Reson. Med. 1990, 14, 40-55.

108. Sonders, M. S.; Barmettler, P.; Lee, J. A.; Kitahara, Y.; Keana, J. F. W.; Weber, E. "A Novel Photoaffinity Ligand for the PCP Site of the NMDA Receptor Labels A Mr 115,000 Polypeptide," J. Biol. Chem. 1990, 265, 6776-6781.

109. Shashidhar, M. S.; Keana, J. F. W.; Volwerk, J. J.; Griffith, O. H. "Synthesis of Phosphonate Derivatives of Myo-Inositol for Use in Biochemical Studies of Inositol-Binding Proteins," Chem. Phys. Lipids 1990, 53, 103-113.

110. Keana, J. F. W.; Mann, J. S. "Chelating Ligands Functionalized for Facile Attachment to Biomolecules. A Convenient Route to 4-Isothiocyanatobenzyl Derivatives of Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic Acid (DTPA) and Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid," J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 2868-2871.

111. Keana, J. F. W.; Cai, S. X. "New Reagents for Photoaffinity Labeling: Synthesis and Photolysis of Functionalized Perfluorophenyl Azides," J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 3640-3647.

112. Pou, S.; Rosen, G. M.; Wu, Y.; Keana, J. F. W. "Synthesis of Deuterium- and 15N-Containing Pyrroline-1-Oxides: A Spin Trapping Study," J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 4438-4443.

113. Scherz, M. W.; Fialeix, M.; Fischer, J. B.; Reddy, N. L.; Server, A. C.; Sonders, M. S.; Tester, B. C.; Weber, E.; Wong, S. T.; Keana, J. F. W. "Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationships of N,N'-Di-ortho-Tolylguanidine Analogs; High Affinity Ligands for the Haloperidol-Sensitive Sigma (?) Receptor and the PCP/MK-801 Receptor," J. Med. Chem. 1990, 33, 2421-2429.

114. Weakley, T. J. R.; Scherz, M. W.; Keana, J. F. W. "N-Adamant-1-yl-N'-(2-iodophenyl)guanidinium Chloride," Acta Crystallogr. 1990, C46, 2234-2236.

115. Cai, S. X.; Nabity, J. C.; Wybourne, M. N.; Keana, J. F. W. "Bis-Perfluorophenyl Azides: Efficient Crosslinking Agents for Deep UV and Electron Beam Lithography," Chem. Mater. 1990, 2, 631-633.

116. Shashidhar, M. S.; Keana, J. F. W.; Volwerk, J.; Griffith, O. H. "Preparation and Application of an Affinity Matrix for Phosphatidylinositol-Specific Phospholipase C," Chem. Phys. Lipids 1990, 56, 159-167.

117. Cai, S. X.; Keana, J. F. W. "Diazo- and Azido-Functionalized Glutaraldehydes as Cross-Linking Reagents and Potential Fixatives for Electron Microscopy," Bioconjugate Chem. 1991, 2, 38-43.

118. Cai, S. X.; Keana, J. F. W.; Nabity, J. C.; Wybourne, M. N. "Conducting Polymers as Deep-UV and Electron Beam Resists: Direct Production of Micrometer Scale Conducting Structures from Poly(3-octylthiophene)," J. Molec. Electron. 1991, 7, 63-68.

119. Cai, S. X.; Keana, J. F. W. "o-Acetamidophenylboronate Esters Stabilized Toward Hydrolysis by an Intramolecular O-B Interaction: Potential Linkers for Selective Bioconjugation via Vicinal Diol Moieties of Carbohydrates," Bioconjugate Chem. 1991, 2, 317-322.

120. Shashidhar, M. S.; Volwerk, J. J.; Keana, J. F. W.; Griffith, O. H. "A Fluorescent Substrate for the Continuous Assay of Phosphatidylinositol-Specific Phospholipase C. Synthesis and Application of 2-Naphthyl myo-Inositol-1-Phosphate," Anal. Biochem. 1991, 198, 10-14.

121. Shashidhar, M. S.; Volwerk, J. J.; Griffith, O. H.; Keana, J. F. W. "A Chromogenic Substrate for Phosphatidylinositol-Specific Phospholipase C: 4-Nitrophenyl myo-Inositol-1-Phosphate," Chem. Phys. Lipids 1991, 60, 101-110.

122. Campbell, B. G.; Couceyro, P.; Keana, J. F. W.; Weber, E. "N-Methyl-D-aspartate Receptor-Mediated Contractions of the Guinea Pig Ileum Longitudinal Muscle/Myenteric Plexus Preparation: 1. Modulation by Phencyclidine and Glycine Receptors," J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 1991, 257, 754-766.

123. Campbell, B. G.; Keana, J. F. W.; Weber, E. "Sigma Receptor Ligand 1,3-Di-o-tolyl-guanidine Inhibits Release of Acetylcholine in the Guinea Pig Ileum," Eur. J. Pharmacol. 1991, 205, 219-223.

124. Cai, S. X.; Glenn, D. J.; Keana, J. F. W. "Toward the Development of Radiolabeled Fluorophenyl Azide-Based Photolabeling Reagents: Synthesis and Photolysis of Iodinated 4-Azidoperfluorobenzoates and 4-Azido-3,5,6-trifluorobenzoates," J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 1299-1304.

125. Aggeler, R.; Chicas-Cruz, K.; Cai, S. X.; Keana, J. F. W.; Capaldi, R. A. "Introduction of Reactive Cysteine Residues in the ? Subunit of Escherichia coli F1 ATPase, Modification of These Sites with Tetrafluorophenyl Azide-Maleimides, and Examination of Changes in the Binding of the ? Subunit When Different Nucleotides are in Catalytic Sites," Biochemistry 1992, 31, 2956-2961.

126. Mann, J. S.; Huang, J. C.; Keana, J. F. W. "Molecular Amplifiers: Synthesis and Functionalization of a Poly(aminopropyl)dextran Bearing a Uniquely Reactive Terminus for Univalent Attachment to Biomolecules," Bioconjugate Chem. 1992, 3, 154-159.

127. Cai, S. X.; Kanskar, M.; Wybourne, M. N.; Keana, J. F. W. "Introduction of Functional Groups into Polymer Films via Deep-UV Photolysis or Electron-Beam Lithography: Modification of a Polystyrene and Poly(3-octylthiophene) by a Functionalized Perfluorophenyl Azide," Chem. Mater. 1992, 4, 879-884.

128. Leigh, A. J.; Volwerk, J. J.; Griffith, O. H.; Keana, J. F. W. "The Substrate Stereospecificity of Phosphatidylinositol-Specific Phospholipase C from Bacillus Cereus Examined Using the Resolved Enantiomers of Synthetic 4-Nitrophenyl myo-Inositol-1-phosphate," Biochemistry 1992, 31, 8978-8983.

129. Cai, S. X.; Kanskar, M.; Nabity, J. C.; Keana, J. F. W.; Wybourne, M. N. "Fabrication of Submicron Conducting and Chemically Functionalized Structures from Poly(3-octylthiophene) by an Electron Beam," J. Vac. Sci. Tech. B 1992, 10, 2589-2592.

130. Gee, K. R.; Weber, E.; Keana, J. F. W. "Monocyclization of N-(2,2-Diethoxyethyl)-1,2-diphenylethylamines to the 4-Aryl-1-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1-H-Benzazepine Ring System," Bioorg. Chem. Med. Chem. Lett. 1992, 3, 251-252.

131. Gee, K. R.; Keana, J. F. W. "Rapid and Selective Reduction of Functionalized Fluoroaryl Azides to the Corresponding Anilines with Stannous Chloride Dihydrate," Synth. Commun. 1993, 23, 357-360.

132. Gee, K. R.; Barmettler, P.; Rhodes, M. R.; McBurney, R. N.; Reddy, N. L.; Hu, L.-Y.; Cotter, R. E.; Hamilton, P. N.; Smith, S. M.; Weber, E.; Keana, J. F. W. "10,5-(Iminomethano)-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene and Derivatives. Potent PCP Receptor Ligands," J. Med. Chem. 1993, 36, 1938-1946.

133. Yan, M.; Cai, S. X.; Wybourne, M. N.; Keana, J. F. W. "Photochemical Functionalization of Polymer Surfaces and the Production of Biomolecule-Carrying Micron-Scale Structures by Deep-UV Lithography Using 4-Substituted Perfluorophenyl Azides," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 814-816.

134. Gee, K. R.; Durant, G. J.; Holmes, D. L.; Magar, S. S.; Weber, E.; Wong, S. T.; Keana, J. F. W. "N-(3-Azidophenyl)-N-methyl-N'-([4-1H]- and [4-3H]-1-naphthyl)guanidine. A Potent and Selective Ligand Designed as a Photoaffinity Label for the Phencyclidine Site of the N-Methyl-D-aspartate Receptor," Bioconjugate Chem. 1993, 4, 226-229.

135. Cai, S. X.; Wu, Y.; Keana, J. F. W. "Novel Adenosine 5'-Triphosphate Conjugates via Acylation: Derivatization of ATP with a Perfluorophenyl Azide Photolabel and a Dawson-Type Heteropolytungstate Electron Dense Label," New J. Chem. 1993, 17, 325-329.

136. Johnson, B. L.; Kitahara, Y.; Weakley, T. J. R.; Keana, J. F. W. "Intramolecular [2+2] Photocycloaddition of Juxtaposed 4-Pyridone Moieties," Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 5555-5558.

137. Aggeler, R.; Cai, S. X.; Keana, J. F. W.; Koike, T.; Capaldi, R. A. "The ? Subunit of the Escherichia coli F1-ATPase Can Be Cross-Linked Near the Glycine-rich Loop Region of a ? Subunit When ADP + Mg2+ Occupies Catalytic Sites But Not When ATP + Mg2+ is Bound," J. Biol. Chem. 1993, 268, 20831-20837.

138. Cai, S. X.; Glenn, D. J.; Gee, K. R.; Cotter, R. E.; Reddy, N. L.; Weber, E.; Keana, J. F. W. "Chlorinated Phenyl Azides as Photolabeling Reagents. Synthesis of an ortho,ortho'-Dichlorinated Arylazido PCP Receptor Ligand," Bioconjugate Chem. 1993, 4, 545-548.

139. Reddy, N. L.; Fischer, J. B.; Burke-Howie, K. J.; Barmettler, P.; Rhodes, M. R.; Weber, E.; Keana, J. F. W. "N,N'-Disubstituted Acetamidines as High Affinity Sigma Receptor Ligands," Bioorg. Chem. Med. Chem. Lett. 1993, 3, 2113-2116.

140. Vaccarino, A. L.; Marek, P.; Kest, B.; Weber, E.; Keana, J. F. W.; Liebeskind, J. C. "NMDA Receptor Antagonists, MK-801 and ACEA-1011, Prevent the Development of Tonic Pain Following Subcutaneous Formalin," Brain Res. 1993, 615, 331-334.

141. Wybourne, M. N.; Wu, J. C.; Yan, M.; Cai, S. X.; Keana, J. F. W. "Modification of Polymer Surfaces and the Fabrication of Submicron-Scale Functionalized Structures by Deep-Ultraviolet and Electron Beam Lithography," J. Vac. Sci. Tech. B 1993, 11, 2210-2213.

142. Cai, S. X.; Wybourne, M. N.; Keana, J. F. W. "Superiority of Bis(perfluorophenyl) Azides over Nonfluorinated Analogues as Cross-Linkers in Polystyrene-Based Deep-UV Resists," ACS Symposium Series 537, Polymers for Microelectronics; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1993; pp 348-355.

143. Ryan, M.; Huang, J.-C.; Griffith, O. H.; Keana, J. F. W.; Volwerk, J. J. "A Chemiluminescent Substrate for the Detection of Phosphatidylinositol-Specific Phospholipase C," Anal. Biochem. 1993, 214, 548-556.

144. Hu, L.-Y.; Durant, G. J.; Reddy, N. L.; Cotter, R. E.; Fischer, J. B.; McBurney, R. N.; Weber, E.; Prasad, K. J. R.; L¸, Y.; Keana, J. F. W. "N-Aryl-N'-Heteroarylguanidines as High Affinity NMDA-Receptor Ion-Channel Blockers," Med. Chem. Res. 1994, 4, 146-152.

145. Reddy, N. L.; Hu, L.-Y.; Cotter, R. E.; Fischer, J. B.; Wong, W. J.; McBurney, R. N.; Weber, E.; Holmes, D. L.; Wong, S. T.; Prasad, R.; Keana, J. F. W. "Synthesis and Structure-Activity Studies of N,N'-Diarylguanidine Derivatives. N-(1-Naphthyl)-N'-(3-ethylphenyl)'N'-methylguanidine: A New, Selective Noncompetitive NMDA Receptor Antagonist," J. Med. Chem. 1994, 37, 260-267.

146. Yan, M.; Cai, S. X.; Wybourne, M. N.; Keana, J. F. W. "N-Hydroxysuccinimide Ester Functionalized Perfluorophenyl Azides as Novel Photoactive Heterobifunctional Cross-Linking Reagents. The Covalent Immobilization of Biomolecules to Polymer Surfaces," Bioconjugate Chem. 1994, 5, 151-157.

147. Gee, K. R.; L¸, Y.; Barmettler, P.; Rhodes, M. R.; Reddy, N. L.; Fischer, J. B.; Cotter, R. E.; Weber, E.; Keana, J. F. W. "Arene Chromium and Manganese Tricarbonyl Analogs of the PCP Receptor Ligands 5-Methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine (MK-801) and 10,5-(Iminomethano)-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene (IDDC)," J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 1492-1498.

148. Yan, M.; Cai, S. X.; Wu, J. C.; Duchi, C. A.; Kanskar, M.; Wybourne, M. N.; Keana, J. F. W. "Application of Hexachlorododecakis(triphenylphosphine)pentapentacontagold, Au55[P(C6H5)3]12Cl6, for the Formation of Conducting Gold Film by Thermal Decomposition and Direct Writing of Submicron Structures by Electron Beam Lithography," Proceedings of Polymeric Materials Science and Engineering, 207th ACS National Meeting, 1994, 70, 36-37.

149. Lutfy, K.; Woodward, R. M.; Keana, J. F. W.; Weber, E. "Inhibition of Clonic Seizure-Like Excitatory Effects Induced by Intrathecal Morphine Using two NMDA Receptor Antagonists: MK-801 and ACEA-1011," Eur. J. Pharmacol. 1994, 252, 261-266.

150. Phadke, A. S.; Aggeler, R.; Keana, J. F. W.; Capaldi, R. A. "TFPACD, A Novel Bifunctional Reagent for Reacting with DCCD Sites in Proteins: Studies Using Escherichia coli ATP Synthase," Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1994, 201(2), 635-641.

151. Yan, M.; Cai, S. X.; Keana, J. F. W. "Photochemical and Thermal Reactions of C60 with N-Succinimidyl 4-Azido-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzoate: A New Method for Functionalization of C60," J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 5951-5954.

152. Cai, S. X.; Glenn, D. J.; Kanskar, M.; Wybourne, M. N.; Keana, J. F. W. "Development of Highly Efficient Deep-UV and Electron Beam Mediated Cross-Linkers: Synthesis and Photolysis of Bis(perfluorophenyl) Azides," Chem. Mater. 1994, 6, 1822-1829.

153. Vinod, T. K.; Griffith, O. H.; Keana, J. F. W. "Synthesis of Isosteric and Isopolar Phosphonate Substrate Analogues Designed as Inhibitors for Phosphatidylinositol-Specific Phospholipase C from Bacillus Cereus," Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 7193-7196.

154. Martin, V. V.; Lex, L.; Keana, J. F. W. "A Safe and Convenient Procedure for the Synthesis of Polyamines via Azide Intermediates," Org. Prep. Proced. Int. 1995, 27, 117-120.

155. Lutfy, K.; Shen, K.-Z.; Kwon, I.-S.; Cai, S. X.; Woodward, R. M.; Keana, J. F. W.; Weber, E. "Blockade of Morphine Tolerance by ACEA-1328, A Novel NMDA Receptor/Glycine Site Antagonist," Eur. J. Pharmacol. 1995, 273, 187-189.

156. Woodward, R. M.; Huettner, J. E.; Guastella, J.; Keana, J. F. W.; Weber, E. "In Vitro Pharmacology of ACEA-1021 and ACEA-1031: Systemically Active Quinoxalinediones with High Affinity and Selectivity for N-Methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Glycine Site," Mol. Pharmacol. 1995, 47, 568-581.

157. Martin, V. V.; Keana, J. F. W. "Novel pH-Sensitive Nitroxide Di- and Triradical Spin Labels," J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1995, 723-724.

158. Warner, D. S.; Martin, H.; Ludwig, P.; McAllister, A.; Keana, J. F. W.; Weber, E. "In Vivo Models of Cerebral Ischemia: Efffects of Parenterally Administered NMDA Receptor Glycine Site Antagonists," J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 1995, 15(2), 188-196.

159. Woodward, R. M.; Huettner, J. E.; Tran, M.; Guastella, J.; Keana, J. F. W.; Weber, E. "Pharmacology of 5-Chloro-7-trifluoromethyl-1,4-dihydro-2,3-quinoxalinedione: A Novel Systemically Active Ionotropic Glutamate Receptor Antagonist," J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 1995, 275, 1209-1218.

160. Martin, V. V.; Ralston, W. H.; Hynes, M. R.; Keana, J. F. W. "Gadolinium(III) Di- and Tetrachelates Designed for in vivo Non-Covalent Complexation with Plasma Proteins: A Novel Molecular Design for Blood Pool MRI Contrast Enhancing Agents," Bioconjugate Chem. 1995, 6, 616-623.

161. Martin, V. V.; Keana, J. F. W. "4-Aminobenzyl-Substituted Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic Acid Pentamethyl Ester: A Convenient Intermediate for Attachment of a DTPA Moiety to Amine-Containing Target Molecules," Synth. Commun. 1995, 25, 3625-3634.

162. Kher, S. M.; Cai, S. X.; Weber, E.; Keana, J. F. W. "Regiospecific Oxidative Nitration of 3,4-Dihydro-6,7-disubstituted Quinoxaline-2(1H)-ones Gives 1,4-Dihydro-5-nitro-6,7-disubstituted Quinoxaline-2,3-diones, Potent Antagonists at the NMDA/Glycine Site," J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 5838-5842.

163. Keana, J. F. W.; Kher, S. M.; Cai, S. X.; Dinsmore, C. M.; Glenn, A. G.; Guastella, J.; Huang, J.-C.; Ilyin, V.; L¸, Y.; Mouser, P. L.; Woodward, R. M.; Weber, E. "Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationships of Substituted 1,4-Dihydroquinoxaline-2,3-diones: Antagonists of N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) Receptor Glycine Sites and of Non-NMDA Glutamate Receptors," J. Med. Chem. 1995, 38, 4367-4379.

164. Zhou, Z.-L.; Weber, E.; Keana, J. F. W. "Acetoxylation of 6,7-Dialkoxy-Substituted 1,4-Dihydroquinoxaline-2,3-diones (QXs) Using Fuming Nitric Acid in Acetic Acid: A Facile Synthesis of 5-Acyloxy-6,7-dialkoxy QXs," Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 7583-7586.

165. Guzikowski, A. P.; Hawkinson, J.; Weber, E.; Keana, J. F. W. "6,7,8,9-Tetrahydro-3-hyroxy-1H-1-benzazepine-2,5-diones via a diels-alder reaction: Antagonists with a non-planar hydrophobic Region for NMDA Receptor Glycine Sites," Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 1995, 5, 2747-2748.

166. Lutfy, K.; Keana, J. F. W.; Weber, E. "ACEA-1011, A Novel NMDA Receptor/Glycine Site Antagonist Produces Antinociception but not Tolerance in the Formalin Test in Mice," NIDA Research Monograph 1995, 147, 220-233.

167. Lutfy, K.; Sadowski, B.; Marek, P.; Kwon, I. S.; Keana, J. F. W.; Weber, E. "Differential Sensitivity of Mice Bred for Stress-Induced Analgesia to Morphine and ACEA-1011 in the Formalin Test," Pharmacol. Biochem. Behavior 1996, 54, 495-500.

168. Cai, S. X.; Keana, J. F. W. "Design and Synthesis of Trifunctional Perfluorophenyl Azide-Based Photoactivatable Reagents," Synth. Commun. 1996, 26, 809-818.

169. Zheng, H.; Espitia, S. A.; Ilyin, V.; Hawkinson, J. E.; Woodward, R. M.; Weber, E.; Keana, J. F. W. "1-Hydroxy-1,4-Dihydroquinoxaline-2,3-Diones: Novel Antagonists at NMDA Receptor Glycine Sites," Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 1996, 6, 439-440.

170. Wybourne, M. N.; Yan, M.; Keana, J. F. W.; Wu, J. C. "Creation of Biomolecule Arrays by Electrostatic Immobilization on Electron-Beam-Irradiated Polystyrene Thin Films," Nanotechnology 1996, 7, 302-305.

171. Cai, S. X.; Zhou, Z.-L.; Huang, J.-C.; Whittemore, E. R.; Egbuwoku, Z. O.; Lu, Y.; Hawkinson, J. E.; Woodward, R. M.; Weber, E.; Keana, J. F. W. "Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationships of 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroquinoline-2,3,4-trione 3-Oximes: Novel and Highly Potent Antagonists for NMDA Receptor Glycine Site," J. Med. Chem. 1996, 39, 3248-3255.

172. Ilyin, V. I.; Whittemore, E. R.; Tran, M.; Shen, K.-Z.; Cai, S. X.; Kher, S. M.; Keana, J. F. W.; Weber, E.; Woodward, R. M. "Pharmacology of ACEA-1416: A Potent Systemically Active N-Methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Glycine Site Antagonist," Eur. J. Pharmacol. 1996, 310, 107-114.

173. Yan, M.; Cai, S. X.; Wybourne, M. N.; Keana, J. F. W. "Evaluation of Bis(perfluorophenyl Azides) as Cross-Linkers for a Soluble Polyimide," J. Mater. Chem. 1996, 6, 1249-1252.

174. Heinz, D. W.; Ryan, M.; Smith, M. P.; Weaver, L. H.; Keana, J. F. W.; Griffith, O. H. "Crystal Structure of Phosphatidylinositol-Specific Phospholipase C from Bacillus cereus in Complex with Glucosaminyl(?1?6)-D-myo-inositol, an Essential Fragment of GPI-Anchors," Biochemistry 1996, 35, 9496-9504.

175. Ryan, M.; Smith, M. P.; Vinod, T. K.; Lau, W. L.; Keana, J. F. W.; Griffith, O. H. "Synthesis, Structure-Activity Relationships, and the Effect of Polyethylene Glycol on Inhibitors of Phosphatidylinositol-Specific Phospholipase C from Bacillus cereus," J. Med. Chem. 1996, 39, 4366-4376.

176. Guzikowski, A. P.; Cai, S. X.; Espitia, S. A.; Hawkinson, J. E.; Huettner, J. E.; Nogales, D. F.; Tran, M.; Woodward, R. M.; Weber, E.; Keana, J. F. W. "Analogs of 3-Hydroxy-1H-1-benzazepine-2,5-dione: Structure-Activity Relationship at N-Methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Glycine Sites," J. Med. Chem. 1996, 39, 4643-4653.

177. Cai, S. X.; Zhou, Z.-L.; Huang, J.-C.; Whittemore, E. R.; Egbuwoku, Z. O.; Hawkinson, J. E.; Woodward, R. M.; Weber, E.; Keana, J. F. W. "Structure-Activity Relationships of 4-Hydroxy-3-nitroquinolin-2(1H)-ones as Novel Antagonists at the Glycine Site of N-Methyl-D-aspartate Receptors," J. Med. Chem. 1996, 39, 4682-4686.

178. Phadke, A. S.; Keana, J. F. W. "Synthesis of a New Cleavable Photoaffinity Labeling Reagent: 2'(3')-[3-[2-(4-Azidotetrafluorobenzamido)ethyl]dithio]propanoyl-adenosine Triphosphate," New J. Chem. 1997, 21, 517-519.

179. Cai, S. X.; Kher, S. M.; Zhou, Z.-L.; Ilyin, V.; Espitia, S. A.; Tran, M.; Hawkinson, J. E.; Woodward, R. M.; Weber, E.; Keana, J. F. W. "Structure-Activity Relationships of Alkyl and Alkoxy Substituted 1,4-Dihydroquinoxaline-2,3-diones: Potent and Systematically Active Antagonists for the Glycine Site of the NMDA Receptor," J. Med. Chem. 1997, 40, 730-738.

180. Guzikowski, A. P.; Whittemore, E. R.; Woodward, R. M.; Weber, E.; Keana, J. F. W. "Synthesis of 6,7,8,9-Tetrahydro-3-hydroxy-1H-1-benzazepine-2,5-diones as Antagonists of N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and ?-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic Acid (AMPA) Receptors," J. Med. Chem. 1997, 40, 2424-2429.

181. Clarke, L.; Wybourne, M. N.; Yan, M.; Cai, S. X.; Keana, J. F. W. "Transport in Gold Cluster Structures Defined by Electron-Beam Lithography," Appl. Phys. Lett. 1997, 71, 617-619.

182. Clarke, L.; Wybourne, M. N.; Yan, M.; Cai, S. X.; Brown, L. O.; Hutchison, J.; Keana, J. F. W. "Fabrication and Near-Room Temperature Transport of Patterned Gold Cluster Structures," J. Vac. Sci. Technol., B 1997, 15, 2925-2929.

183. Cai, S. X.; Huang, J.-C.; Espitia, S. A.; Tran, M.; Illyin, V. I.; Hawkinson, J. E.; Woodward, R. M.; Weber, E.; Keana, J. F. W. "5-(N-Oxy)aza-7-substituted-1,4-dihydroquinoxaline-2,3-diones: Novel, Systemically Active and Broad Spectrum Antagonists for NMDA/glycine, AMPA and Kainate Receptors," J. Med. Chem. 1997, 40, 3679-3686.

184. Rukavishnikov, A. V.; Zaikova, T. O.; Griffith, O. H.; Keana, J. F. W. "Improved Synthesis of myo-Inositol (1-4-Nitrophenyl hydrogen phosphate), a Chromogenic Substrate for Phosphatidylinositol-specific Phospholipase C," Chem. Phys. Lipids, 1997, 89, 153-157.

185. Wybourne, M. N.; Clarke, L.; Yan, M.; Cai, S. X.; Brown, L. O.; Hutchison, J.; Keana, J. F. W. "Coulomb-Blockade Dominated Transport in Patterned Gold-Cluster Structures," Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 1997, 36, 7796-7800.

186. Rukavishnikov, A. V.; Ryan, M.; Griffith, O. H.; Keana, J. F. W. "A Chromogenic Substrate for the Continuous Assay of Mammalian Phosphatidylinositol-Specific Phospholipase C," Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 1998, 8, 1239-1242.

187. Tamiz, A. P.; Whittemore, E. R.; Schelkun, R. M.; Yuen, P. W.; Woodward, R. M. ; Cai, S. X.; Weber, E.; Keana, J. F. W. "N-(2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)ethyl)-4-chlorocinnamide: A Novel Antagonist at the 1A/2B NMDA Receptor Subtype," Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 1998, 8, 199-200.

188. Wang, Y.; Konkoy, C. S.; Illyin, V. I.; Vanover, K. E.; Carter, R. B.; Weber, E.; Keana, J. F. W.; Woodward, R. M.; Cai, S. X. "Synthesis of 7,8-Methylenedioxy-1-phenyl-3,5-dihydro-4H-2,3-benzodiazepin-4-ones as Novel and Potent Noncompetitive AMPA Receptor Antagonists," J. Med. Chem., 1998, 41, 2621-2625.

189 Tamiz, A. P.; Whittemore, E. R.; Zhou, Z.-L.; Huang, J.-C.; Drew, J. A.; Chen, J.-C.; Cai, S.-X.; Weber, E.; Woodward, R. M.; Keana, J. F. W. "Structure—Activity Relationships for a Series of Bis(phenylalkyl)amines: Potent Subtype-Selective Inhibitors of N-Methyl-D-aspartate Receptors." J. Med. Chem., 1998, 41, 3499-3506.

190. Clark, L.; Wybourne, M. N.; Brown, L. O.; Hutchison, J.; Yan, M.; Cai, S. X.; Keana, J. F W. “Room Temperature Coulomb-Blockade Dominated Transport in Gold Nanocluster Structures, Semicond. Sci. Technol., 1998, 13, A111-A114.

191. Rukavishnikov, A. V.; Smith, M., P.; Birrell, G. B.; Keana, J. F. W.; Griffith, O. H. "Synthesis of a New Fluorogenic Substrate for the Continuous Assay of Phosphoinositide-Specific Phospholipase C." Tetrahedron Lett., 1998, 39, 6637-6640.

192. Tamiz, A. P.; Cai, S. X.; Zhou, Z.-L.; Yuen, P.-W.; Schelkun, R. M.; Whittemore, E. R.; Weber, E.; Woodward, R. M.; Keana, J. F. W. “Structure Activity Relationship of N-(Phenylalkyl)cinnamides as Novel NR2B Subtype Selective NMDA Receptor Antagonists," J. Med. Chem., 1999, 42 (17), 3412-3420.

193. Rukavishnikov, A. V.; Phadke, A.; Lee, M. D.; LaMunyon, D. H.; Petukhov, P. A.; Keana, J. F. W. "A Tower-Shaped Prototypic Molecule Designed as an Atomically Sharp Tip for AFM Applications," Tetrahedron Lett., 1999, 6353-6356.

194. Tamiz, A. P.; Whittemore, E. R.; Woodward, R. M.; Upasani, R. B.; Keana, J. F. W. "Structure-Activity Relationship for a Series of 2-Substituted 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-9H-Pyrido[3,4-b]Indoles: Potent Subtype-Selective Inhibitors of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) Receptors," Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 1999, 9, 1619-1624.

195. Zhou, Z.-L.; Keana, J. F. W "A Practical Synthesis of 4-(Substituted-benzyl)piperidines and (±) 3-(Substituted-benzyl)pyrrolidines via A Wittig Reaction," J. Org. Chem., 1999, 64, 3763-3766.

196. Zhou, Z. -L; Cai, S. -X; Whittemore, E. R.; Konkoy, C. S.; Espitia, S. A.; Tran, M.; Rock, D. M.; Cougenhour, L. L.; Hawkinson, J. E.; Boxer, P. A.; Bigge, C. F.; Wise, L. D.; Weber, E.; Woodward, R. M., Keana, J. F. W. "4-Hydroxy-1-[2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)ethyl]-4-(4-methylbenzyl)piperidine: A Novel, Potent And Selective 1A/2B NMDA Receptor Antagonist," J. Med. Chem., 1999, 42, 2993-3000.

197. Rukavishnikov, A. V.; Zaikova, T. O.; Birrell, G. B.; Keana, J. F. W.; Griffith, O. H. "Synthesis of a New Fluorogenic Substrate for the Continuous Assay of Mammalian Phosphoinositide-Specific Phospholipase C." Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 1999, 9, 1133-1136.

198. Yan, M.; Wybourne, M. N.; Keana, J. F. W. "Bis(perfluorophenyl Azides) as Highly Efficient Crosslinking Agents For Poly(vinyl Phenol)," Reactive and Functional Polymers, 2000, 43, 221-225.

199. Guzikowski, A. P.; Tamiz, A. P.; Acosta-Burruel, M.; Hong-Bae, S.; Cai, S. X.; Hawkinson, J. E.; Keana, J. F. W.; Kesten, S. R.; Shipp, C. T.; Tran, M.; Whittemore, E. R.; Woodward, R. M.; Wright, J. L.; Zhou, Z. -L. "Synthesis of N-Substituted 4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)piperidines, 4-(4-Hydroxybenzyl)piperidines and (±)-3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)pyrrolidines. Selective Antagonists at the 1a/2B NMDA Receptor Subtype," J. Med. Chem., 2000, 43, 984-994.

200. Zaikova, T. O.; Rukavishnikov, A. V.; Birrell, G. B.; Griffith, O. H.; Keana, J. F. W. "Synthesis of Fluorogenic Substrates for Continuous Assay of Phosphatidylinositol-Specific Phospholipase C," Bioconjugate Chem., 2001, 12, 307-313.

201. Zhou, Z.-L.; Navratil, J. M.; Cai, S. X.; Whittemore, E. R.; Espitia, S. A.; Hawkinson, J. E.; Tran, M.; Woodward, R. M.; Weber, E.; Keana, J. F. W. "Synthesis and SAR of 5-, 6-, 7- and 8-Aza Analogs of 3-Aryl-4-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one as NMDA/Glycine Site Antagonists, " Bioorg. Med. Chem, 2001, 9, 2061-2071.

202. Weakley, T. J. R.; Cai, S. X.; Zhang, H.-Z.; Keana, J. F. W. "Crystal Structure of the Pyridine Salt of Gambogic Acid, " J. Chem. Crystallogr., 2001, 31, 501-505.

203. Birrell, G. B.; Zaikova, T. O.; Rukavishnikov, A. V.; Keana, J. F. W.; Griffith, O. H. "Allosteric Interactions within Subsites of a Monomeric Enzyme: Kinetics of a Fluorogenic Substrate Cleaved by Phosphaditylinositol-Specific Phospholipase C, " Biophysical J., 2003, 84,
3264-3275.

204. Ryan, M.; Zaikova, T. O.; Keana, J. F. W.; Goldfine, H.; Griffith, O. H. “Listeria monocytogenes Phosphatidylinositol-Specific C: Activation and Allostery” Biophy. Chem., 2002, 101-102, 347-358.

205. Li, Q.; Rukavishnikov, A. V.; Petukhov, P. A.; Zaikova, T. O.; Keana, J. F. W. “Nanoscale 1,3,5,7-Tetrasubstituted Adamantanes and p-Substitutied Tetraphenyl-methanes for AFM Applications,” Organic Lett. 2002, 21, 3631-3634.

206: Zhou, Z. L.; Kher, S. M.; Cai, S. X.; Whittemore, E. R.; Espitia, S. A.; Hawkinson, J. E.; Tran, M.; Woodward, R. M.; Weber, E.; Keana, J. F. W. "Synthesis and SAR of Novel Di- and Trisubstituted 1,4-Dihydroquinoxaline-2,3-diones Related to Licostinel (Acea 1021) as NMDA/Glycine Site Antagonists," Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2003, 11, 1769-1780.

207: Li, Q.; Rukavishnikov, A. V.; Petukhov, P. A.; Zaikova, T. O.; Jin, C.; Keana, J. F. W. "Nanoscale Tripodal 1,3,5,7-Tetrasubstituted Adamantanes for AFM Applications," J. Org. Chem. 2003, 68, 4862-4869.

208.  Li, Q.; Jin, C.; Petukhov, P. A.; Rukavishnikov, A. V.; Zaikova, T. O.; Phadke, A.; LaMunyon, D. H.; Lee, M. D.; Keana, J. F. W. "Synthesis of Well-Defined Tower-Shaped 1,3,5-Trisubstituted Adamantanes Incorporating a Macrocyclic Trilactam Ring System," J. Org. Chem. 2004, 69, 1010-1019.

209. Kransnoslobodtsev, A. V.; Shlyakhtenko, L. S.; Ukraintsev, E.; Zaikova, T. O.; Keana, J. F. W.; Lyubchenko, Y. L. "Nanomedicine and Protein Misfolding Diseases," Nanomedicine 2005, 1, 300-305.

For Patents, click HERE.

WEBMASTER
chem@uoregon.edu