Week 2: What Was Renaissance?

Discussion: What's Love Got to Do With It? Marriage, Gender and Power in the Renaissance
Read and discuss “Ottavia and Her Music Teacher” [Canvas].


What Was Renaissance?
Image: Sandro Botticelli, La Primavera (1478); the central figure, the goddess Venus, is flanked to the left by the three graces and Apollo, to the right by the goddess Flora and the nymph Chloris, pursued by Zephyr, the wind god. Notice Venus's open palm, a gesture both of blessing and greeting that Ludovico Gonzaga also uses in the Mantegna fresco (below). Source: Windows to the Universe.

I. An Age of Gold?
A. The Renaissance as Renaissance People Saw It
B. Some Things the Renaissance Was Not

II. Imitation, Rhetoric, Self-Fashioning
A. Imitation and the Recovery of Ancient Roman Civilization
B. Renaissance Humanism: Rhetoric, Virtue and Self-Fashioning

III. Renaissance Men and Renaissance Women

Image: Lorenzo Valla (1407-1457)
Image: Enea Silvio Piccolomini, a.k.a. Pope Pius II (1405-1464)
Image: The Baptistery in Florence
Image: Giovanni Battista Piranesi, The Forum (1748)

Image: Giovanni Battista Piranesi, The Pantheon (1748)
Image: St. George (1416-17), by Donatello (1386-1466)
Image: Bacchus (1496-97), by Michelangelo Buonaroti (1475-1564)
Image: La Primavera (1478), by Sandro Botticelli (1445-1510)
Image: The Church of San Lorenzo (c. 1421), by Fillippo Brunelleschi (1377-1446)
Image: Annunciation with St. Emidius (1486), by Carlo Crivelli (1430/35-1495)
Image: The Stages of Man (1510), by Charles de Bouelles (c. 1470-1553)


Identifications


Jacob Burckhardt (1818-1897) 
 

Leonardo Bruni (1370-1444) 
Fillippo Brunelleschi (1377-1446) 
Matteo Palmieri (1406-1475) 
Michelangelo Buonarotti (1475-1564) 
Baldassare Castiglione (1478-1529),The Book of the Courtier
Leon Battista Alberti (1404-1472) 
Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) 

Humanism
“Querelle des femmes”: The “Woman Debate”


Francesco Petrarcha (1304-1374)


Leonardo da Vinci, The Vitruvian Man (1492); Source: The Artchive.


Social Contexts of Renaissance

Image: Andrea Mantegna, Marchese Lodovico Gonzaga Greeting his Son, Cardinal Francesco Gonzaga (1474). Mantua, Palazzo Ducale, Camera delgi Sposi (fresco). Mantegna served as court painter to the Gonzagas from 1460 until his death in 1506. Source: CGFA.

I.  Introduction: Wealth and Patronage in the Renaissance

II. The Revival of Commerce
A. Italian Hegemony in Trade and Banking
B. “Conspicuous Consumption”

III. A Landscape of City-States
A. The Collapse of Imperial and Noble Power
B. The Consolidation of City States
C. Oligarchies, Dictatorships, and Composite States

Image: Annunciation with St. Emidius (1486), by Carlo Crivelli (1430/35-1495)
Image: The Arnolfini Marriage (1434), by Jan van Eyck (c. 1395-c. 1441)

Map: Late Medieval Trade Routes
[The black lines show the routes of the Hanseatic League, the blue Venetian and the red Genoese routes. Purple lines are routes used by both the Venetians and the Genoese]
Map: Olaus Magnus, Carta Marina (1539)

Chart: Harbor Traffic in Beirut and Alexandria, c. 1400

Map: Italy in the Fifteenth Century
The Medici Family Tree
Image: Changing Views of Europe

 


Identifications

Long-distance trade
Venice
Genoa
Florence

Francesco Sforza(1401-1466)
Cosimo de' Medici (1389-1464) 
Lorenzo de' Medici (1449-1492) 

Image above: Bust of Lorenzo de'Medici (1449-1492), by Verocchio. Image source: Web Gallery of Art. Image right: Hans Holbein (1497-1543), The Ambassadors (1533). Oil on wood, 207 x 209.5 cm. National Gallery, London. Image source: Artchive. Hans Holbein's The Ambassadors depicts Jean de Dinteville (left) and Georges de Selve, representatives of the French king Francois I to the court of Henry VIII in 1533. Their trappings exhibit the symbols of sophistication and commercial success--a lute, a Turkish rug, two globes, navigational instruments. Notice also the anamorphic skull at the bottom. If viewed at a sharp angle from the side, the skull takes on natural shape. Here, then, is another game with two-dimensional representation of three-dimensional space.



Go to Week 3