SHOULDER ANATOMY

 

 

BONES OF THE SHOULDER

  • The shoulder is formed by 4 bones: the sternum, clavicle, scapula, and the humerus

 

                                                         

 

 

STERNUM

Structure                                          Description
Manubrium
  • superior portion of the sternum
  • attachment site for the clavicles
  • has clavicular notches on both superior, lateral sides which articulate with the medial heads of both clavicles
  • sternum has a jugular notch that is located on the superior surface of the manubrium

 

 

CLAVICLE

  • connect sternum to the scapulas

Structure                                                Location
Sternal end of clavicle medial head of clavicle, articulates with the manubrium of sternum
Acromial end of clavicle lateral head of clavicle, articulates with the acromion process of the scapula
                                                     

                                                        (http://www.pdh-odp.co.uk/images/clavical.JPG)

 

 

SCAPULA

Structure                                           Location
Subscapular fossa anterior surface
Inferior and superior angles medial border of the scapula
Scapular spine posterior surface, runs horizontally dividing the posterior surface into two fossae
Supraspinous fossa posterior surface, superior to the scapular spine
Infraspinous fossa posterior surface, inferior to the scapular spine
Acromion process lateral end of the scapular spine, articulates with the clavicle
Coracoid process inferior and anteriorly to the acromion process
Glenoid fossa inferior to the acromion, articulates with the humeral head

 

 

                                                          

                                                            (http://academic.wsc.edu/faculty/jatodd1/351/scapula.jpg)

 

HUMERUS

Structure                                                  Location
Humeral head proximal end of the bone, projects medially off the anatomical head
Bicipital groove anterior surface, bisects the upper portion of the humeral surface
Greater tuberosity lateral edge of the bicipital groove
Lesser tuberosity medial border of the bicipital groove
Surgical neck inferior to the greater and lesser tuberosities, formed at their inferior borders
Deltoid tuberosity laterally and superior to the midshaft of the bone

 

 

                                                        

                                                   Radiograph (x-ray) of left shoulder. "Radiographs of Shoulder, Elbow, and hand." July 16, 2007.

                                                                        http://mywebpages.comcast.net/wnor/radiographsul.htm

 

 

 

 JOINTS AND LIGAMENTS OF THE SHOULDER

 

Joint

Type

Ligaments

Connection Points

Sternoclavicular Joint

 

  • clavicle meets the sternum at the manubrium
  • Saddle type of synovial joint, but functions as a ball and socket
  • Anterior Steroclavicular

 

 

 

  • Posterior Sternoclavicular

 

 

  • Costoclavicular

 

 

 

 

  • Interclavicular
  • Anterior portion of joint between the sternal end of clavicle and manubrium of the sternum

 

  • Posterior portion of joint between the sternal end of clavicle and manubrium of the sternum

 

  • Cartilage of first rib to costal tuberosity of the clavicle

 

  • Superior portion of the sternal end of the two clavicle

Acromioclavicular (AC) Joint

 

  • acromial end of the clavicle meets the acromion of the scapula

 
  • Plane type of synovial joint

 
  • Acromioclavicular

 

 

  •  Coracoclavicular
    • Trapezoid Ligament
    • Conoid Ligament
  • Acromion process of scapula to the clavicle

 

  • Coracoid process of scapula to the clavicle
    • located laterally
    • located medially

Glenohumeral (GH) Joint

 

 

 

 
  • Ball and socket type of synovial joint
  • Glenohumeral

       (Superior, Medial, Inferior)

 

  • Coracohumeral

 

 

  • Coracoacromial
  • The head of the humerus meets the glenoid fossa of the scapula

 

  • Between the coracoid process of the scapula and the humerus

 

  • Between the acromion process of the scapula and the coracoid process of the scapula

 

 

                                  

                            (www.leadingmd.com)                                                                    (http://www2.ma.psu.edu/~pt/384shld5.gif)

 

Arteries of the Shoulder and Upper Arm

 

 

                                                                                                         (SmartImage)

Arteries Branching Supply
Brachiocephalic Trunk Aortic arch Right side of head and neck
Subclavian Continuation of Brachiocephalic Neck, brain, shoulder, upper limb
Thyrocervical Subclavian Lower neck, posterior shoulder
Suprascapular Thyrocervical trunk Supraspinatus, infraspinatus
Axillary Continuation of subclavian Pectorals, shoulder, upper limb
Thoracoacromial Axillary Pectorals, subclavius, deltoid
Circumflex humeral, anterior Axillary Deltoid, neck of humerus
Circumflex humeral, posterior Axillary Deltoid, neck of humerus
Subscapular Axillary Subscapularis, teres, infraspinatus
Brachial continuation of Axillary Arm, forearm, hand

 

Sources:

 

 

 


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  • Recent comments:
    Lisa Benninger:I added a radiograph of the shoulder with labels of the structures listed. After the illustrated views I think a radiograph is good to show so that people can see exactly what a physician is looking at when they diagnose using a radiograph.
    sean hynes:I added a section for arteries of the shoulder and upper limb. It includes what regions each of the main arteries supplies and where they branch from.
    Lan Vu:Also I added 2 labeled pictures: clavical and scapula so it corresponds with the information presented for each.
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