Basho and his Narrow Road to the Deep North

Station 7 Notes

Ground
In the middle ages dog shooting took place in the horse riding grounds as a form of martial competition. It is said that the custom began here as a way of driving off the spirit of lady Tamamo.

Lady Tamamo
There is an element of humor here as Basho the dedicated pilgrim seeking the proper way relies for guidance not on the ignorant farmer for directions, but on the farmer's horse.

Offshore
This is the Kanemaru Hachiman. Today it is called the Nasu Jinja. The story of Nasu no Yoichi can be found in Tales of the Heike in the episode describing the battle at Yashima =303= As the fight wore on, the warriors of Awa and Sanuki Provinces who had formerly sided with the Heike abandoned them and, in small bands of fifteen or twenty, left their hiding places in the hills and caves to join the Genji. Thus reinforced, Yoshitsune soon found himself in command of some three hundred horsemen.

'Night is falling. For now let us have no more fighting.' So said the men of both armies who began to withdraw. Suddenly from the offing, a small well-equipped and beautifully decorated boat was seen rowing toward the Genji. When it approached within seven or eight tan of the water's edge, it swung around, boradside to them. Then a court lady of eighteen or nineteen, wearing a five-layer white robe lined with blue over a scarlet hakama, took a red fan emblazoned with a gold rising sun and fixed it on top of a pole. She then stood the pole on the gunwhale and beckoned to the Genji.

Intrigued, Yoshitsune summoned Sanetomo and asked: 'What does that mean?'

'It may be a mark for us to shoot at, my lord,' replied Sanetomo. 'But there must be some treachery behind this. I think they would like you to step out of our ranks to look at that beauty. Thus enticing you out to the boat, they plan to shoot you, my lord. We must hav eone of our men hit that fan.

Yoshitsune inquired: 'Who is our best archer? Is there anyone who can bring down that fan?'

'We have quite a number of skilled bowmen, but the best one is Nasu no Yoichi, the sojn of Nasu no Suketaka, a native of Shimotsuke Province. He is a small man but a most skillful archer.'

'How can you prove it?'

'In a contest of shotting down birds in flight, he can always hit two out of three, my oord.'

'Then call him!'

On command, Yoichi stepped forward. This young warrior was but twenty years old. He wore armor laced with light green silk cords over a deep blue battle robe. The collar of the robe and the edges of the sleeves were decorated with red and gold brocade. At his side hung a silver-studded sheath. In his quiver were the black and white feathered arrows that remained from the day's battle and a turnip-headed arrow fashioned from a stag horn and fletched with feathers from a hawk's wing. These could be seen protruding from behind his head. Under his arm he carried a rattan-bound bow. With his helmet slung on his back, he came into the presence of Yoshitsune and made obeisance.

'Well, well, Yoichi!' said Yoshitsune. Can you hit that fan in the center and show the enemy how skillful we are at archery?'

'My success is not certain, my lord,' replied Yoichi. 'If I happened to fail it would be a disgrace for my lord and all the men of the Genji. Would it not be better to entrust this to someone who is confident of his success?'

Yoshitsune was incensed at his reply and roared: 'All of you who have come with me from Kamakura to the western provinces must obey my commands! Any who do not - away with them at once!'

Yoichi knew that he was already committed to shooting down the fan, so he said: 'I am still uncertain of my success, but inasmuch as this is my lord's command, I shall try.'

After he had retired from the presence of his master, he mounted a fine black horse with a lacquered, shell-inlaid saddle and a tassled crupper. Holding his bow firmly, he gripped the reins and rode toward the sea. The warriors on his side, seeing him off from the camp, exclaimed: 'This young fellow will surely bring down that fan!' Yoshitsune too was convinced of his success.

The fan was too far off for him to make a shot from the beach, so Yoichi rode about oner tan further into the water. The target still seemed very distant.

It was about the hour of the cock [6:00 p.m.] on the eighteenth day of the second month. Dusk had begun to fall. The north wind was blowing hard, and the high waves were lapping the beach. As the boat rolled and pitched, the fan atop the pole flapped in the wind.

Out on the offing the Heike had ranged their ships in a long line to watch the spectacle. On land the Genji lined up their horses neck to neck in anticipation.

Now Yoichi cliosed his eyes and prayed: 'Hail to the great bodhisattva Hachiman! Hail to the gods of my native land, Shimotsuke! Hail to the god Utsu-no-miya of Nikko! Grant that I may hit the center of that fan! If I fail, I will break my bow and kill myself! Otherwise how can I face my friends again? Grant that I may once more see my native land! Let not this arrow miss its target!'

When he opened his eyes, the wind had subsided a little, and the fan looked easier to hit. Taking the turnip-headed arrow, he drew his bow with all his might and let fly. Small man though he was, his arrow measured twelve handbreadths and three fingers, and his bow was strong. The whirring sound of the arrow reverberated as it flew straight to its mark. It struck the fan close to the rivet. The arrow fell into the sea, but the fan flew up into the air. It fluttered and dipped in the spring winds, and then suddenly dropped into the water. When the ed fan, gleaming in the rays of the setting sun, bobbed up and down on the white crests of the waves, the Heike offshore praised Yoichi by beating on the gunwhales of their boats, and the Genji on the shore applauded him by rattling their quivers.

Yoichi's feat was so exciting that a warrior of some fifty years of age, unable to restrain himself, sprang up on the boat and began to dance near the place where the fan had been hoisted. He wore armor laced with black leather and carried a sickle-bladed halberd with an unlacquered wooden shaft.

Yoshimori rode into the sea and came up behind Yoichi, saying: 'Our lord has commanded that you shoot that fellow too.'

This time Yoichi took one of his sharpest arrows, drew his bow, and let fly. The shaft flew true, hit the dancer in the neck, and knocked him headfirst down to the bottom of the boat. The heike were silent, while the Genji rattled their quivers again. Some applauded saying: 'A fine shot!' But some criticized saying: 'That was a cruel thing to do!'

[From: The Tale of the Heike translated by Hiroshi Kitagawa and Bruce Tsuchida, University of Tokyo Press, 1975, pp. 658-60.] =303= Yoichi actually prayed to the Hachiman at Chisen Jinja. Basho visited Kanemaru on 4.13 and Chisen on 4.19, but he relates this incident in connection with Kanemaru.

Shugen sect
Komyoji is a temple where the warrior austerities are practiced. According to Sora they visited here on 4.9. At this temple is a statue of En no Gyoja, a mountain priest and wizard who lived in the Nara period. He was the founder of the shugen sect. His real name was En no Ozuno and he lived in the mountains of the Yamato region where he practiced Buddhist austerities. He opened the mountains of Kinbusen in Yoshino and Omine among others. As a result of defamation he was exiled to Izu from 699 to 701. Based on legends, Tsubouchi Shoyo wrote a three act play about him in 1917.

Journey
The reference to the summer mountains suggests that they have already entered the north country. Surely there is an element of humor in this poem as Basho piously worships Gyoja's clogs rather than the holy man himself. In another sense, Basho is a traveller and is also praying for strength in his legs for the journey ahead.