FACTORS WHICH INFLUENCE FORCE GENERATION IN MUSCLE 1. Cross sectional area 2. Neural impulse frequency & intensity 3. Muscle length 4. Contraction speed 5. Angle of application 6. Antagonist inhibition 7. Proprioception ******************************************** MUSCLE FUNCTIONS Imparts forces to limbs: a. Produce movement b. Stabilize skeleton, joints c. Absorb shock-dissipate forces ***************************************************** CHARACTERISTICS OF SKELETAL MUSCLE 1. Regulates musculotendinous stiffness via its motor component 2. Surrounded by connective tissue which has viscoelastic properties Individual fibers-endomysium Muscle fascicles-perimysium Muscle proper-epimysium 3. Muscle contraction exerts forces to surrounding connective tissue which transfers force to skeleton. 4. Highly adaptable to exercise and immobility Structural properties affected: Internal architecture Fiber type Tendon length Fiber diameter Muscle fiber length Capillary density Questions: WHAT ARE FACTORS INFLUENCING MUSCLE FORCE GENERATION? WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MUSCLE FORCE AND MUSCLE TENSION? CAN TENSION DEVELOP WITHOUT EXTERNAL APPLICATION? *********************************************** TYPES OF MUSCLE ACTION 1. Isometric (Static): load = m. tension 2. Concentric (dynamic): load < m. tension 3. Eccentric (dynamic): load > m. tension 4. Isokinetic 5. Active contraction 6. Passive stretch 7. Active stretch 8. Resistive contraction 9. Agonist contraction 10. Antagonist contraction