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Waste management and recycling require research to find answers to these questions. It is important to ask questions and learn where the resources can be found. Fortunately, there are many experts to consult and college campuses have a plethora of information on many aspects of issues facing college recyclers. Most campuses have a department of safety and health (environmental health and safety). This department typically oversees chemical, nuclear, biohazardous and other waste known as universal waste. Recycling Coordinators are increasingly being asked to handle universal waste. Another good relationship to foster is with procurement. This area of campus is knowledgeable on what the campus is purchasing and where most materials end up. The procurement official can help set up contracts for recycling and disposal of various materials. If possible, locate recycling/reuse markets for as many materials as possible. Recycling materials may save money and reduce the hassle of paperwork. Universal waste is not always recyclable but proper disposal of "special wastes" is important in reducing toxins in landfills.
Asphalt, Brick and Concrete, see Chapter 14 Construction and Demolition Recycling
Automotive (tires, batteries, oil, antifreeze, oil filters) Transportation shops on campuses, operate in various ways: *perform maintenance in-house *contract out service on all campus vehicles to several local shops *do some in-house work and contract out special service as needed. Fortunately, there are specific regulations for disposing of special waste generated in auto shop operations, thus reducing the need to monitor this at off-campus sites. For in-house campus auto shops, work to find markets/outlets for recycling tires, batteries, oil, oil filters and antifreeze. The OSHA department on campus is responsible to regulate any hazardous materials generated in auto shop areas. Request a record of amounts of materials recycled in campus auto shop areas to add to campus waste tracking. Create and distribute monthly tally sheets that can be submitted to the recycling program that track how material was handled. Utilize conversion factors to determine how much each item weighs. If the item is not on conversion charts then weigh the item a few times and use an average weight. Tires are being recycled into many things including: alternate fuels, speed bumps, mats, cushioning, flooring, tiles, irrigation, decking, office supplies, planters, sound barriers, swings and truck bed liners. One of the most promising uses is asphalt rubber. Most tires are recycled through local tire dealers. For community collection, contact the local waste management division to find a drop off location. Though each state has different procedures, collections range from tire stores to service stations. In some states, there is an advanced recovery fee charged when purchasing new tires. Unfortunately, many consumers are unaware of this and thus illegal dumping often includeds tires. Oil is a commonly recycled item, while only some areas have oil filter recycling. Places that recover oil often recover antifreeze. Contractors handle these items and auto shops have storage containers for collection of these materials for pick-up and processing. Go to Automotive related links...
Cassette Tapes (Audio and Video), CD Roms and Diskettes Other items generated on campus include: cassette tapes, CD roms and diskettes. Research options for recycling these items. There are organizations that take these types of materials for craft projects. Check with the local recyclers on possible collection with materials already being recycled from campus. Large recyclers are always working to increase marketing of materials. CD Roms have the best recovery through plastic recyclers, while cassette type tapes and smaller computer disks can be recycled through a company called Eco Media and Green Disk. The "Donate-a-Phone" campaign was launched in September 1999 to collect and refurbish a portion of the 24 million wireless phones no longer being used. The phones are reprogrammed with 9-1-1 and other emergency numbers so domestic violence victims can access emergency services and hotline numbers at the touch of a button. This is a way to help victims of domestic violence by donating old wireless phones. Other organizations such as AT&T Wireless have programs to take back unwanted phones. Cell phones that can be salvaged are donated to the Red Cross, while other phones are recycled.
Chemical and Hazardous Waste Campuses generate chemical and hazardous waste in campus operations and through academic classes that perform research and laboratory experiments. Many campuses generate these items in art studios, photo labs, through agricultural practices, in campus hospitals and engineering departments. Other departments also may be generating this type of waste in offices as even microfiche is made with silver emulsion (and may contain confidential material that will need a serious look before choosing the proper disposal method). Many of campuses are placed in the high-volume generator category for chemical and hazardous waste. Thankfully more and more recycling programs are becoming available for some of these wastes. Find out how the safety (or campus environmental health office) is managing these chemicals and hazardous materials. The safety (or campus environmental health) office should have records on what chemicals are produced and where. Some of these chemicals are probably being recycled. Even if the recycling program doesn't handle these materials, the program should be aware of how to handle these materials and should be tracking recycled materials along with other campus recyclables. Often the campus safety or environmental health office, has an inventory of what's produced on campus. Typically, departments contact these offices for pick-up on items that need disposal. Materials are collected according to hazardous material handling laws which include storage regulations. Encourage campus departments to buy what they need as over purchasing can create expensive disposal practices. Campuses work with local hazardous material contractors to dispose of toxic wastes. Perform reference checks on contractors and require certificates of disposal and track amount of waste generated and note whether material is recycled or disposed as hazardous waste. Though lead is a scrap metal, it might be needed to be handled as a hazardous/special waste. Medical facilities generate lead in various practices while lead paint, lead lined walls and pipes can contain lead. There are even lead aprons that might be generated. The lead from these pigs can be recycled if the batch of lead is removed from the plastic and accompanied by a certified letter stating that there is no radiation. Check with scrap metal dealers on this when establishing scrap metal recycling. Many scrap metal dealers are not collecting lead items. Mercury, another scrap metal is also a hazardous waste. It's found in light bulbs, thermostats, thermometers, blood pressure devices, esophageal dilators, batteries, automobile switches, etc. Check with the safety department on what programs are in place to capture mercury for the source. Options are growing for mercury recovery, while laws are being created to reduce the use of mercury in products and practices. Lead and mercury use should be discouraged. These materials are expensive to manage in the disposal process. Chemical waste may also go to a facility that will blends chemicals to make a fuel. Another area of concern is underground storage tanks for fuel oil. These tanks are a growing issue which is requiring campuses to replace the units as they can leak. Other above ground tanks used for propane and oil storage should be monitored regularly. Work with the safety department and campus auto shop to ensure that motor oil, anti-freeze and other gas mixtures are being recycled. Campus automotive areas (including academic shops) are full of potential recyclable items including: auto parts for scrap metal, fluids like oil and anti-freeze, batteries, and tires.
Clothing and Canned Food see Chapter 12 Housing Clothing and canned foods can be collected during move out and donated to local charities. Contact local charities to create this collection. Charities will often set up collection boxes and service these. One option is to have a vendor set up a drop-off location on campus for these items throughout the year. Monitor these collections as often garbage will end up in these containers. Another option is to have a vendor set up a temporary central drop-off location that is staffed. Publicize this special collection to encourage participation. College residence halls and family housing areas are the best places to site these type of collections. Especially during move-outs, students are in a hurry to dump items. The amount of reusables available generated can be staggering. Recovering reusables during a move-out can benefit the local community while reducing the impact on the landfill. Some schools have created "yard sales" where students can sell or trade items they want to get rid of, while generating some extra income for these students. Other options include collecting items that are reusable and re-selling items back to new students in the fall. This can be a fun activity that can reduce the campus waste stream while involving the campus community in being responsible for items that they are no longer using. Campus food drives are another opportunity to help the community at large. Food drives are another opportunity to educate the campus on waste reduction. Cooked food or raw food waste can be recycled or donated. Some schools have programs set up with local charities (food banks) to donate leftover prepared but not served, food. Direct collection from the kitchens can be set-up with the food bank. There are food preparation rules that need to be followed and the kitchen manager or food bank manager should know about the rules governing this practice. Otherwise look at composting left over food waste and yardwaste. see Chapter 9 Composting Go to Clothing and Can Food Related Links...
Computers The issue of electronics waste, especially from computers, is growing. College campuses turnover computer equipment regularly thus generating an impressive waste stream. With computer equipment containing toxic metals, more colleges are looking at responsible strategies for managing this waste stream.
See "Clean Computer Campaign" Old computers are often thought of as "junk." The reality is that thousands of schools, community-based organizations and other groups can get good use out of an old computer. Used working computers are valuable. Some campus recycling programs have full-scale computer and electronics recovery/recycling programs where machines are dismantled into various components. To institute a program like this, make sure to work with the campus safety and environmental health departments. Demanufacturing projects can be incorporated into "education and technology" programs. Of course re-building computers by swapping parts, is the best strategy to reduce the actual final waste going into the landfill. As this issue grows, more opportunities are evolving to capture waste from electronics including plastic casing from these items. The deluge of obsolete computers and other electronic equipment will only get bigger. The Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory, West Virginia University and other sponsors have created an electronics recycling resources website. Resources include a directory of recycling companies, links to state initiatives, message forums, news, and a calendar of events. Go to computer related links...
Confidential Paper College campuses generate large amounts of paper materials that might be considered confidential. Handling confidential materials is a serious matter and should not be overlooked in handling recyclables (especially paper). One option is to have an in-house operation. This is a labor intensive process that requires keeping the material separate, a high-speed shredder and plenty of room to store loose shredded paper or bales for market. Collecting pre-shredded materials from departments is a cumbersome and expensive method to manage these materials. Shredding is labor intensive for departments (equipment and labor), a drain on campus electricity, expensive for recyclers to handle high volume/low density material and an inefficient method for collecting this valuable paper. Another option is to pay a contractor to come in and shred the material either on-campus in a special shredding truck or off-campus in a secure facility. This is the best method for cost-effectiveness, security and efficiency. Some contractors actually pulp the material after it is collected. It
is up to the campus departments to follow all state and federal rules
pertaining to document retention. It
is best to defer
this issue to the records/archives department to determine the best
method for handling this material.
Cooking Grease Cooking grease is a common item that is recycled on a local level. Check with campus kitchen managers to determine if cooking grease is getting recycled. If not, look in the phone book for the nearest dealer or contact local restaurants to determine where local cooking grease is being recycled. Local restaurants will have dumpsters to collect cooking grease. Dumpsters are labelled with the company logo and phone number. Don't forget to collect cooking grease at athletic events and other campus events that serve food.
Electronics For information on other electronics recycling, check out the EPA Plug in to eCycling:
Envelopes (Tyvek, Padded and Other) College campuses generate large quantities of envelopes. Encourage reuse of padded and other envelopes for on and off campus mailings. Campus mail services is also a place that will take these. Reuse as many envelopes as possible including for on-campus mailing. If there is a surplus of these, another option is to use letter envelopes for scratch paper. Padded envelopes can be made with a recyclable fiber (low grade) or be lined with plastic bubble wrap (these are not recyclable so find areas to reuse these). As the recycling program is processing materials, save these instead of discarding or recycling. As these build up, keep the campus community posted and often times these will be needed somewhere on campus. These are also something to place in the campus reusable office supply exchange. There are recycling programs for Tyvek envelopes. Shipping is paid by the campus but the material is indeed recycled at no charge. If these are getting generated in a large quantity in one area, work with that area to collect and send for recycling. If there are smaller quantities, have these sent through campus mail, collect them in recycling and send off as needed. For more information:
Film (Transparencies, Radiology, Print Shop, Art Studios, etc.) Transparency film can be recycled. Check with local sources to locate any recycling in the area. If there is nothing available locally, encourage campus departments to ship this material directly for recycling (see links on the 3M transparency recycling program). Small amounts can be collected through the recycling program but be cautious about taking this material in large amounts as it is heavy and shipping is expensive. Radiology, print shop, art/movie studios produce film that can be recycled. This is highly specialized recycling. To locate recycling for this material, contact the company that produces the film. Be sure and determine if different types of film can be recycled together. Furniture, Office Equipment, Miscellaneous Check with the surplus department to found out how campus property is discarded. Many college recycling programs end up working with or actually managing surplus items. As with other materials mentioned in this handbook, here's some ideas on handling surplus items: *create a department surplus property listserve where departments can post "surplus" items to give away or for sale, this is a great opportunity for campus to share resources *state colleges typically run leftover items through a state surplus operation, where items get sold at public auction, often this ends up costing campus users to ship item to state surpluc *many campuses have created on-campus surplus operations which include a store and/or auction, warehouse space and personnel are necessary (on-campus surplus operations can be successful while generating the funding to operate and turn a profit that can be put into operating recycling programs) *establish a small space for an on-campus furniture (other equipment) free exchange, this can save departments money in furnishing an office space (this can be open as little as an hour 2 or 3X/week, thus costing a small amount to manage while generating large amounts of cost savings for campus)
It is sometimes difficult to get the word out about all the opportunities available through the campus recycling program. Here's some ideas on making resources available that encourage awareness and inspire campus partipicants to ask the question: Can it be recycled or reused?
Example of materials list: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Imaging/Copier Supplies Laser printer, ink jet, copier, and fax machine imaging supplies can be remanufactured. Programs range from donating, being paid or exchanging empties for credit towards a purchase of a new or remanufactured one. With laser cartridges, departments can often work directly with the contractor. For items that are not exchanged or credited, the recycling program can receive payment for collected cartridges from campus. This is an excellent opportunity for the program to receive revenue with little effort. Ideally departments will close the loop by purchasing remanufactured cartridges (which saves money) and turning in the empties to be remanufactured. Savings can reach 30-50% depending on the type of cartridge. When instituting a program, educate campus about the recycling process of cartridges. Encourage the purchase of remanufactured cartridges. Make sure the remanufacturing company is reputable and the remanufactured cartridges perform well. Solicit feedback from faculty and staff using the products to ensure quality. Ink jet cartridges can be collected through campus mail. Often contractors/companies, provide small collection containers for departments. Other options include providing departments with pre-paid shipping mailers or labels to send these in for recycling. Remanufactured laser cartridge companies typically collect empties when delivering new cartridges. Since offices often have a few extras on hand, empties will build up before being collected by the company. There are many options of centralizing these, which might generate substantial revenue for the program:
Go to Imaging/Copier supplies related links...
Junk Mail
Office Supplies Surplus office supplies that are still usable can be donated to an on-campus reusable office supply exchange program. R.O.S.E. (reusable office supply exchange) is an acronym commonly used on campuses for this program. OSCAR (office supply collection and reuse) is another one. Establish this as a self-serve area that is staffed for shelving and maintaining the area. Be sure to track what items are taken and determine replacement costs if the item was purchased new. This can be used for documenting cost savings, a very compelling thing to determine. A college that has a population of 25,000, can easily save $15,000 from sharing file folders, notebooks and other office supplies that have traditionally ended up in the campus dumpsters. Have a key available for check out from the nearest department in order to facilitate self service. Encourage campus departments to establish smaller versions of this within offices. Shelves work great for smaller items. See Office Supply related links
Pallets and Wood Waste College campuses generate large quantities of wood waste and pallets. Fortunately, wood waste recyclers are plentiful and should be easy to locate in the area. Collecting wood waste separately often can be less expensive (and definitely a better environmental alternative) than landfilling. Often local garbage companies will provide commercial drop boxes specifically for wood while another option would be to work directly with a wood waste process (forest products company). Be sure to be aware of the rules on what is acceptable in wood waste. Typically cedar, laminate and particle board are not accepted. Post a sign on the wood waste dumpster and alert staff and contractors on proper handling of wood waste. Pallets can pile up on college campuses. Sending these for wood recycling is a good alternative though not optimal. This practice just re-creates the resource intensive process all over again. Reuse pallets on campus as much as possible. Often large cardboard gaylords are used to collect paper for market. Work with the paper recycler to see if pallets can be used for staging the gaylords. Paper recyclers often take pallets for reuse. In some cases, pallets are valuable to the "shipper". CHEP is an international company that reuses pallets. Look for pallets painted blue on the sides. These are most likely a CHEP pallet. Some pallets are made from precious rainforest wood and others are made from less valuable wood. In any case, these are a "packaging" item that is often viewed by the "sender" as disposable. Some companies actually take them back and reuse them, which is a great practice. Try and work with procurement on building a "take back" of pallets, back into the vending contract. Second step is to be creative and try to give pallets away locally before considering the wood recycling option. Look for a local company nearby that will accept pallets for reuse. If none of the above options are available, work with a local wood or pallet recycler. Be sure and determine the most cost effective method for collection and what materials are acceptable (i.e. pressure treated lumber is not acceptable, some pallets might even be made of plastic, be aware). These can be centralized to a wood waste dumpster or pallet dumpster or pile. Campus and Grounds or Recycling staff can collect these from loading docks and bring them to the central location. Some pallets might be resold for reuse or ground up and sold as biofuel. If the campus owns a tub grinder, it is possible to grind up pallets on site and apply as mulch on campus grounds.
Phone Books Campus communities receive phone books once or twice a year: one campus directory and one local phone company phone book. Encourage the campus telephone services department to print the campus directory on white paper to facilitate recycling. Local telephone books are usually made from low grade newspaper. Work with the local phone book distributor to establish recycling collection for these. Through the campus telephone services, determine if the phone book distributor will take back the books directly, thus reducing the burden of marketing these with program materials. Consider that a crew on campus (typically facilities crew), gets paid by campus telephone services, to deliver new phone books. Create the same arrangement to be paid for the labor and costs involved through the recycling program, to handle these. Collecting these from campus is a labor intensive effort. If the recycled paper broker charges for these to be recycled, that is another important cost that needs to be passed along to campus telephone services. In some cases, the local phone company will work with the recycling process to absorb any recycling costs on the "disposal" end. Internal costs need to be dealt with through campus telephone services. Campus telephone books, if printed on white or recyclable paper, can be recycled with the daily recycling collection. Determine what category these need to be recycled with and alert the campus on the proper procedure for recycling these. Local phone books are a low grade paper. Check with the paper broker on how to prepare these for market. Most likely, these will need to be collected in a separate toter or gaylord in order to be accepted for market. Coordinate with the crew delivering the phone books and have a memo delivered to each department along with the phone books. An easy way to handle these is to have departments call for a pick-up of 25 or more. Schedule a weekly route to pick these up and taper off the collection after a month. Typically, the paper broker will have a limit on how long these will be accepted as they are marketed and recycled as a special seasonal market.
Scrap Metal and Appliances According to the Steel Recycling Institute, steel is the #1 recycled material in North America. The overall recycling rate for steel is 64%. There are two processes for making steel. The first is Basic Oxygen Furnace processing, which is used to produce the steel needed for packaging, car bodies, appliances and steel framing, it uses a minimum of 25% recycled steel. The second is Electric Arc Furnace processing, which is used to produce steel shapes such as railroad ties and bridge spans, it uses virtually 100% recycled steel. Each year, steel recycling saves the energy equivalent to electrically power about one-fifth of the households in the United States (or about 18 million homes) for one year. Every ton of steel recycled saves 2,500 pounds of iron ore, 1,400 pounds of coal, and 120 pounds of limestone. Locate a local metals recycler to determine the process for recycling this material. There are many grades of scrap metal which yield various prices. Collection will need to be centralized. Work with the metal recycler to determine the most cost effective method in collection and delivery of materials to market. Some campuses do the collection, maintain the area the material is collected and haul materials to market. Other options include negotiating an arrangement that might involve the metals processor providing a dumpster and doing the pick-ups. This method is efficient and probably more cost effective than doing the hauling to the processor. The campus maintenance division and construction contractors will be generating and handling most of this material. Collection is typically done in a 20 yard dumpster or larger. Handle low-grade metals, refrigeration units and appliances this way and have the high-grade metals stored separately if theft is a big problem. Make sure that all refunds for this and other materials are made by check not cash. Make sure to get all receipts pertaining to any recycled materials. If a building is torn down on campus ask the contractor to keep track of the steel recycled as a result. Other more specialized metals such as silver, gold, copper, brass are some of the other metals generated on a college campus that can be sold for recycling. Collect copper and brass separately from other metals. Silver is present usually in production like radiology, movie and photo studios and microfilm processing. There are devises that can be attached to the sinks that take the silver out of the waste liquids. Dental departments regularly recycle gold fillings and probably have some lead amalgam. Gold can be found in Art studios as well.
Styrofoam Peanuts, Bubble Wrap, and Six Pack Rings Styrofoam peanuts are plentiful on a college campus and are not recyclable. The good news is that these are easy to get reused. Offer this material to campus departments, mail services, the college bookstore. Other options include local mailing companies (mailboxes etc...) and product distributors. Purchasing styrofoam peanuts is expensive and there are many options for reuse locally. Bubble wrap is another packing material that has a demand in reuse. Check with mailing services and campus departments before disposing. Bubble wrap is expensive to purchase new and there is always someone who needs it. There are no recycling markets for block Styrofoam (like computer packaging) and this material is generated regularly on campuses. Currently, this material is trash, unless it can be reused in campus art projects. It is a problem because it doesn't break down in the landfill and is wieldy to place in campus dumpsters. In a hospital, specimens are shipped in Styrofoam boxes that usually have a pre-paid mailing label attached. Educate researchers and staff about the label and encourage its' use. There may be some reuse within departments. Some departments have to buy these boxes or might have a secondary use. Keep campus departments informed of items like stryofoam blocks as there may be an occasional request for this. Another method is to encourage departmentrs to return stryofoam items back to original vendor with a note requesting that the material is reused or recycled. Unfortunately, often computers and other items, are purchased without bids or vendor agreements. Work with campus procurement to include a clause encouraging waste reduction of packaging in vendor contracts and services. Include language that requires vendors to provide reduced waste packaging/products, with a preference for products/packaging that will be taken back and reused by the vendor or at a minimum, can be recycled compatably with the campus recycling program. Keep campus departments informed of the need for these options for purchases that don't go through procurement. If purchasing is de-centralized, keep departments informed on opportunities to reduce campus waste through purchasing. Six pack rings are being collected and recycled. These are generated through the campus vending contract, in campus kitchens and small campus convenience stores. Work with these areas to encourage vendor take back as part of the purchasing agreement. Check with the processor that handles campus plastics, to determine if there is a market locally. A company called ITW Hi-Cone will send pre-paid mailing slips. Package the rings and send them off. The easiest way to do this through the soft-drink supplier. Since the soft drink vending company fills drink machines, arrange to have the rings "taken back" as opposed to ending up in a large pile in the garbage can next to the vending machines. If the recycling program ends up handling these, work with the vending company to collect and centralize these. Local schools have been known to use six pack rings to make pot holders, snowflakes and even volleyball nets. If nothing else, try and locate organizations that might use these for craft projects (including on campus child care centers). Tracking On
most of these items listed above, the largest part of the job will be tracking
the amount of materials generated and determining how materials are being dispose. Establish a variety of tracking systems that include a comprehensive documentation of the campus waste stream while separating out areas and materials: special wastes, composting/organics, reusable supplies, housing areas, facilities, student union. Keep record of cost of recycling disposal and revenue paid. Tracking is the most important documentation for a recycling program as it provides endless information that will support the existence of the program while documenting cost effectiveness which could be re-invested into future efforts. Universal Waste The EPA claims that regulations have streamlined hazardous waste management standards for the federal universal wastes (batteries, pesticides, thermostats, and fluorescent tubes or lamps). The regulations govern the collection and management of these widely generated wastes. This facilitates environmentally sound collection and increases the proper recycling or treatment of the universal wastes mentioned above. These regulations also ease the regulatory burden on retail stores and others that generate or wish to collect these wastes. The regulations facilitate the development of programs to reduce the quantity of these wastes going to municipal solid waste landfills or combustors. It also assures that the wastes subject to this system will go to appropriate treatment or recycling facilities pursuant to the full hazardous waste regulatory controls. States can modify the universal waste rule and add additional universal waste in individual state regulations. Check with the state for the exact regulations that apply. Automotive (tires, batteries, oil, antifreeze, oil filters) Automotive Service Equipment Battery Council International EPA Antifreeze Factsheet Filter Manufacturers Council Rechargeable Battery Recycling Corporation (RBRC) Steel Recycling Institute Toolsource.com Used oil recycling .com ECO MEDIA Greendisk, Inc. VidTape Inc Lacerta Group recycles magnetic media and plastic products
Collective Good Pledge a Phone Wireless Foundation
Clean Harbors EPA Mercury Poisoning Reduction State Legislation
Goodwill Kidney Foundation (may collect various donations in your community) Salvation Army Text of Emerson Good Samaritan Food Donation Act
Computer Donations GRRN Computer Take Back Campaign Dell Exchange
http://www1.us.dell.com/content/topics/global.aspx/corp/environment/en/recycling_main?c=us&l=en&s=corp Gateway Trade-ups Donate used computers with a national nonprofit group Donate computers to a charity or school http://www.oit.umass.edu/publications/at_oit/Archive/fall00/campbell-recycle.html The Orion Blue Book
3MT Transparency Film Recycling Program Diagnostic Imaging ECOMEDIA Arizona State University University of Vermont
Canon HP Recycling Recycle First (Ink and Laser jet cartridge recycling) Recyclers USA
Get Off the List
N.C. DPPEA junk mail site
University of Oregon Campus Recycling Junk Mail Reduction Campaign
R.O.S.E. (Reusable Office Supply Exchange)
Styrofoam Peanuts, Bubble Wrap, and Six Pack Rings Polystyrene Packaging Council RingLeader
Bethlehem Apparatus Company Clemson Pesticide Information Program Eastern Environmental Tech EPA Hospitals for a Healthy Environment/Mercury Pesticide Action Network Rechargeable Battery Recycling Corporation (RBRC) Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services
Miscelleaneous Resources University of Oregon Campus Consortium for Environmental Excellence Colorado Materials Exchange sponsored by the University of Colorado Recycling Services The Consumer Recycling Guide Gifts in Kind The Global Recycling Network Iowa Waste Exchange North American Hazardous Materials Management Association Obvious Implementations Corporation
Renew resource Exchange Southern Waste Information eXchange, Inc.
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