§
Docetism: no real body; opposed by
Ignatius
§
The Logos: a second “god”; Justin Martyr
§
Adoptionism: Jesus an especially good human; God adopts him
§
Monarchianism/Modalism: Trinity=3 modes of the Father’s existence; Patripassionism
Montanism
§
Response
to institutional church, sought to restore: 1) charismatic leadership; 2)belief
in Christ's immanent return (the “Parousia”)
§
Montanus: Bishop of Phyrgia (155-70); Maximilla &
Prisca
§
Mostly rural, except
§
§
“I believe because it is absurd”
§
“What has
§
Became a Montanist, ca.
207
Early
Proto-orthodox Theology
Irenaeus
of
§
177—bishop;
Against Heresies
§
salvation
history; “recapitulation of the human race”
§
“If
the word is made a human being, it is that all human beings might become gods”;
deification
Clement of
§
§
Exhortation
to the Greeks; The
Instructor (Paedagogus); The Miscellanies (The
Stromateis)
(Novatians,
Cyprian of
Origen of Alexandria
(185-253): Life and Thought
§
Eusebius: ca. 300 writes "biography" in
his Church History
§
Catachetical school
§
Persecution of 202-father martyred; 203 becomes head
of catachetical school
§
Conflict w/ Bishop Demetrius: exile to
§
Theology: 1) Cosmology; 2) Soteriology
(Universalism)
§
Very influential, but condemned: 553
§
Birth of Biblical Criticism: Hexapla;
Letter to the Hebrews
§
Allegorical Interpretation: Philo of
§
Paul uses allegory to read Scripture-Gal. 4.24;
“Spirit and the Letter” of the Law-2 Cor 3
§
Things in the story stand for something else—a
“hidden” story that is more important than the surface meaning
§
Explains difficulties between Hebrew Bible and NT
§
Finds meaning in mundane passages: all passages purposfully inspired
§
Three levels of meaning: 1) Literal; 2) Moral; 3)
Spiritual (last 2=allegorical)
§
Example: Song of Songs
§
The Decian Persecution:
Emperor Decius (249-51)—Required “libellus”:
a certificate
§
The Problem of the Lapsed: separate churches in
§
Diocletian (284-305) divides empire: 2 Augusti, 2 Caesars
§
295: Galerius (a Caesar)
began persecuting Christians: issue=military service
§
303: Galerius convinced
Diocletian to issue edicts against Christians--begins last & greatest
persecution
§
Donatists—311 – Caecilian; Donatus; “traditor/traditores”;
400-Augustine-baptism; till 700
Rise
of
§
305: Augusti step down;
Caesars (Galerius & Constantine's father) take
over as Augusti
§
306:
§
Begins Civil War-next 18
§
313: Edict of
§
324:
§
337: