Faculty

Adell L. Amos, assistant professor; director, Environmental and Natural Resources Law Center. See Law.

Scott D. Bridgham, associate professor (ecosystem ecology, climate change, plant community dynamics). See Biology.

Trudy Ann Cameron, Raymond F. Mikesell Professor of Environmental and Resource Economics (environmental economics, econometrics, applied microeconomics). See Economics.

Matthew Dennis, professor. See History.

Alan Dickman, senior instructor with title of research associate professor. See Biology.

Bart Johnson, associate professor (ecological design and planning, landscape ecology). See Landscape Architecture.

Kathryn A. Lynch, instructor (environmental anthropology, tropical conservation, environmental education). B.S., 1992, California, Davis; M.A., 1995, Ph.D., 2001, Florida. (2006)

Patricia F. McDowell, professor (geomorphology, river management and restoration, Quaternary environments). See Geography.

Steve V. Mital, instructor (documentary production, leadership development, experimental education). B.A., 1993, Prescott College; M.S., 2001, M.C.R.P., 2001, Oregon. (2001)

Ronald B. Mitchell, professor. See Political Science.

Joshua J. Roering, associate professor. See Geological Sciences.

Ted Toadvine, assistant professor (philosophy of nature, environmental ethics, ecophenomenology). See Philosophy.

Daniel Udovic, professor emeritus (population ecology, mutualisms, biology and environmental education). See Biology.

Peter A. Walker, associate professor (environmental politics, cultural geography, political ecology). See Geography.

Louise Westling, professor (modern British and American literature, ecocriticism, environmental humanities). See English.

The date in parentheses at the end of each entry is the first year on the University of Oregon faculty.

Participating Faculty

Susan C. Anderson, German and Scandinavian

William S. Ayres, anthropology

Patrick J. Bartlein, geography

Carol Ann Bassett, journalism and communication

Carla Bengtson, art

Ann Bettman, landscape architecture

Aletta Biersack, anthropology

Thomas H. Bivins, journalism and communication

James Blanchard, physical education and recreation

John E. Bonine, law

Chet A. Bowers, environmental studies

William E. Bradshaw, biology

G. Z. Brown, architecture

George C. Carroll, biology

Lawrence R. Carter, sociology

Katharine V. Cashman, geological science

Richard W. Castenholz, biology

Suzanne Clark, English

Shaul E. Cohen, geography

John S. Conery, computer and information science

James R. Crosswhite, English

Jerome Diethelm, landscape architecture

Rebecca J. Dorsey, geological science

Bryan T. Downes, planning, public policy and management

Michael C. Dreiling, sociology

Richard B. Emlet, biology

Paul C. Engelking, chemistry

Arthur M. Farley, computer and information science

John B. Foster, sociology

John T. Gage, English

Dennis C. Galvan, international studies

Daniel Gavin, geography

Daniel Goldrich, political science

Patricia A. Gwartney, sociology

William T. Harbaugh, economics

Susan W. Hardwick, geography

Kenneth I. Helphand, landscape architecture

Michael Hibbard, planning, public policy and management

Richard G. Hildreth, law

Janet Hodder, Oregon Institute of Marine Biology

Garrett K. Hongo, creative writing

Carl J. Hosticka, planning, public policy and ­management

David Hulse, landscape architecture

James E. Hutchison, chemistry

Renee A. Irvin, planning, public policy and ­management

Mark Johnson, philosophy

Douglas J. Kennett, anthropology

Lauren J. Kessler, journalism and communication

Glen A. Love, English

John T. Lysaker, philosophy

Bonnie Mann, philosophy

W. Andrew Marcus, geography

Richard D. Margerum, planning, public policy and management

Gregory McLauchlan, sociology

Jerry F. Medler, political science

Robert Z. Melnick, landscape architecture

Geraldine Moreno Black, anthropology

Cassandra Moseley, Institute for a Sustainable Environment

Madonna L. Moss, anthropology

Brook Muller, architecture

Alexander B. Murphy, geography

Lise Nelson, geography

Jeffrey Ostler, history

Robert G. Parker, planning, public policy and management

Stephen E. Ponder, journalism and communication

Daniel A. Pope, history

David C. Povey, planning, public policy and ­management

Scott L. Pratt, philosophy

Mark H. Reed, geological sciences

Gregory J. Retallack, geological sciences

John S. Reynolds, architecture

Robert G. Ribe, landscape architecture

William Rossi, English

Leland M. Roth, art history

Bitty A. Roy, biology

Michael V. Russo, management

Gordon M. Sayre, English

Marc Schlossberg, planning, public policy and management

Alan Shanks, biology

Lynda P. Shapiro, biology

Paul Slovic, psychology

Michael Strong, physical education and recreation

Lawrence S. Sugiyama, anthropology

Richard P. Suttmeier, political science

Nora B. Terwilliger, biology

Joseph W. Thornton, biology

Dennis Todd, honors college

Douglas R. Toomey, geological sciences

Peter Warnek, philosophy

Peter B. Wetherwax, biology

Ray J. Weldon, geological sciences

W. Ed Whitelaw, economics

A. Michelle Wood, biology

Mary C. Wood, law

Richard York, sociology

Philip D. Young, anthropology

About the Program

Environmental studies crosses the boundaries of traditional disciplines such as the sciences, social sciences, humanities, management, policy, design, and law. It challenges faculty members and students to look at the relationship between humans and their environment from a new perspective. The Environmental Studies Program is dedicated to gaining greater understanding of the natural world from an ecological perspective; devising policies and behaviors that address contemporary environmental problems; and promoting a rethinking of basic cultural premises, ways of structuring knowledge, and the root metaphors of contemporary society.

Faculty. Core faculty members listed above have dedicated responsibilities in the program. Participating faculty members have demonstrated professional interests in environmental studies by researching environmental issues, teaching courses that meet program requirements, or participating in a variety of program activities on a voluntary basis. They are all available to advise students who are interested in environmental studies. More information about the faculty is available on the program’s website.

Resources. The program’s resource center has a collection of books related to environmental topics. University of Oregon students and members of the faculty and staff may borrow items for up to two weeks.

Undergraduate Studies [back to top]

The program offers undergraduate instruction through two majors, leading to a bachelor of arts (B.A.) or a bachelor of science (B.S.) degree. A minor in environmental studies is also offered.

Both majors provide a broad, solid, interdisciplinary perspective on the relationship between humans and nature. Their goals are to develop awareness of environmental issues and to develop an understanding of (1) the nature and scope of the forces underlying environmental problems, (2) the various approaches used to bring environmental problems to the public’s attention, and (3) the methods and approaches used to solve these problems. Majors learn the skills necessary to contribute to understanding the relationship between humans and nature and the complexity of environmental challenges and to help meet these challenges. Majors gain an appreciation of the interdisciplinary nature of environmental studies, and they master content and skills associated with a number of different disciplines.

Majors and minors have considerable latitude in designing a course of study that combines theory and practice, invites active participation, and fits specific interests, needs, and aptitudes. The majors, which provide a well-rounded basic education, prepare students for entry-level positions in business, government, nongovernmental organizations, and for a variety of graduate and professional degree programs. Students are encouraged to take advantage of career planning services offered by the Career Center.

The environmental studies major focuses on social sciences, policy studies, and the humanities. It is designed for students who are interested in such areas as environmental policy, planning, ethics or philosophy, ecocriticism, ecofeminism, environmental justice, sustainable development, international environmental issues, or social theory and the environment.

The environmental science major is designed for students who want to focus on scientific careers in conservation biology; climate; pollution prevention and abatement; or ecosystem protection, restoration, and management.

Students should plan their programs early in their undergraduate careers with the aid of an environmental studies academic adviser. Majors are urged to consider completing a second major or a minor in a related field. A tip sheet listing courses that meet environmental studies major and minor requirements is published each term.

Up-to-date information and the tip sheet are available in the program office and on the website.

Major Requirements

The environmental studies curriculum is designed to provide a solid foundation in the sciences, social sciences, and humanities; to build on these foundations in advanced course work in a variety of disciplines; to develop the skills necessary to study human-environment interactions; and to encourage participation in experiential learning activities that help students prepare for active participation in the work force and in local and global communities. Students should have a strong foundation in written and verbal skills and a thorough understanding of environmental policy and social behaviors.

Courses applied to the major, except environmental studies courses numbered 401 through 409, must be taken for letter grades and passed with grades of C– or better. Up to four upper-division courses may be used to fulfill requirements of another major. Up to two upper-division courses may be used to fulfill requirements of another minor. At least 24 credits must be taken at the University of Oregon.

Environmental Studies Major

This major requires a minimum of 84 credits including 40 lower-division credits and a minimum of 44 upper-division credits. Upper-division credit may be earned through course work or through a combination of course work and a student-initiated project or honors thesis. Detailed information about specific courses that meet the major requirements are available on the program website, in the program office, or from an environmental studies adviser.

1. Core (12 credits). Introduction to Environmental Studies: Social Sciences (ENVS 201), Introduction to Environmental Studies: Natural Sciences (ENVS 202), Introduction to Environmental Studies: Humanities (ENVS 203). These courses may be taken in any order. Consult an adviser for possible substitutions

2. Basic Requirements in Mathematics and Natural Science (20 credits)

a. Majors must take at least one university-level mathematics course numbered 100 or higher; MATH 111 is recommended

b. One of three approved introductory sequences in a natural science and one additional course from a different sequence or list of approved courses

3. Upper-Division Electives (48 credits). At least two courses must be taken from a list of approved upper-division science courses, and ten courses from a list of approved upper-division social science and humanities courses

4. Capstone Experience. At least one Environmental Issues (ENVS 411) course (topics vary) or an approved substitute

5. Practical Learning Experience. Choose from one of several approved practical learning experience options. These include internships, participation in the Environmental Leadership Program, research experiences with UO faculty members, and courses at field stations

Environmental Science Major

The environmental science major requires a minimum of 104 credits, including 60 lower-division credits and 44 upper-division credits. Upper-division credits may be earned through course work or through a combination of course work and a student-initiated project or honors thesis. A sample course plan and detailed information about specific courses that meet the major requirements are available on the program website, in the program office, or from an environmental studies adviser.

The requirements are divided into the following four areas:

1. Core (12 credits). Introduction to Environmental Studies: Social Sciences (ENVS 201), Introduction to Environmental Studies: Natural Sciences (ENVS 202), Introduction to Environmental Studies: Humanities (ENVS 203). These courses may be taken in any order

2. Basic Requirements in Mathematics and Natural Science (48–54 credits)

a. Mathematics (12 credits). Calculus for Biological Sciences I,II (MATH 246, 247) or Calculus I,II (MATH 251, 252) and a 300- or 400-level statistics or data analysis course (e.g., MATH 425)

b. Lower-Division Natural Sciences (36 credits). Three introductory science sequences from a list of approved sequences

c. Upper-Division Environmental Science Core (24 credits). Six courses from a list of approved upper-division natural science courses

3. Upper-Division Electives (16 credits). Choose four approved electives, two from a list of approved natural science courses and two from a list of approved social science or humanities courses

4. Capstone Experience. At least one Environmental Issues (ENVS 411) course (topics vary) or an approved substitute

5. Practical Learning Experience. Choose from one of several approved practical learning experience options. These include internships, participation in the Environmental Leadership Program, research experiences with UO faculty members, and courses at field stations

Approved Upper-Division Electives

Consult the program’s term-by-term tip sheet about courses numbered 399, 407, or 410 that fulfill upper-division elective requirements.

Natural Sciences

Anthropology. Human Evolution (ANTH 361), Food and Culture (ANTH 365), Primates in Ecological Communities (ANTH 375), Nutritional Anthropology (ANTH 460), Primate Conservation Biology (ANTH 472), Human Behavioral Ecology (ANTH 482)

Biology. Forest Biology (BI 307), Freshwater Biology (BI 308), Microbiology (BI 330), Microbiology Laboratory (BI 331), Marine Biology (BI 357), Ecology (BI 370), Evolution (BI 380), Animal Behavior (BI 390), Marine Field Studies (BI 412), Algae and Photosynthetic Bacteria (BI 431), Mycology (BI 432), Systematic Botany (BI 442), Field Botany (BI 448), Invertebrate Zoology (BI 451), Insect Biology (BI 452), Estuarine Biology (BI 454), Marine Birds and Mammals (BI 455), Marine Biology (BI 457), Biological Oceanography (BI 458), Field Ornithology (BI 459), Community Ecology (BI 472), Quantitative Ecology (BI 473), Marine Ecology (BI 474), Freshwater Ecology (BI 475)

Chemistry. Organic Chemistry I (CH 331)

Computer and Information Science. Modeling and Simulation (CIS 445), Computational Science (CIS 455)

Environmental Studies. Environmental Data Analysis and Modeling (ENVS 355)

Geography. Climatology (GEOG 321), Geomorphology (GEOG 322), Biogeography (GEOG 323), Watershed Science and Policy (GEOG 360), Advanced Geographic Data Analysis (GEOG 414), Introductory Geographic Information Systems (GEOG 416), Fundamentals of Remote Sensing (GEOG 418), Advanced Climatology (GEOG 421), Advanced Geomorphology (GEOG 422), Advanced Biogeography (GEOG 423), Hydrology and Water Resources (GEOG 425), Fluvial Geomorphology (GEOG 427), Long-Term Environmental Change (GEOG 430), Vegetation History and Ecosystem Dynamics (GEOG 431), Climatological Aspects of Global Change (GEOG 432), Environmental Alteration (GEOG 461), Advanced Geographic Information Systems (GEOG 472)

Geological Sciences. Earth Resources and Environment (GEOL 310); Earth Materials (GEOL 311); Earth Physics (GEOL 315); Introduction to Hydrogeology (GEOL 316); Geophysics (GEOL 325); Sedimentology and Stratigraphy (GEOL 334); Structural Geology (GEOL 350); Sedimentary Petrology (GEOL 416); Geology of Ore Deposits (GEOL 425); Paleontology I,II: Paleozoic Marine Fossils, Mesozoic and Cenozoic Marine Fossils (GEOL 431, 432); Paleobotany (GEOL 433); Paleopedology (GEOL 435); Field Geology (GEOL 450); Hydrogeology (GEOL 451); Neotectonics and Quaternary Geology (GEOL 452); Tectonics (GEOL 453); Environmental Field Geophysics (GEOL 464); Geodynamics (GEOL 466); Aqueous Geochemistry (GEOL 472)

Landscape Architecture. Principles of Applied Ecology (LA 441), Landscape Ecology (LA 465)

Physics. Physics of the Atmosphere (PHYS 311)

Options for Majors

Environmental Leadership Program

Through the Environmental Leadership Program, environmental studies majors team up with local businesses, nonprofit organizations, and government agencies to work on environmental projects. Students learn professional research, writing, and presentation skills as they develop a network of professional relationships in the region. Participants make a one- or two-term commitment, for which they earn 4–8 upper-division credits. These credits may be used to satisfy upper-division requirements for the environmental studies and environmental science majors.

Student-Initiated Project

Admission to this enrollment-limited option is competitive. Students submit a formal proposal for their project that must discuss the focus of the project and the desired distribution of credits. Admission is based on the quality of the proposal—general focus, integration of activities, detailed planning—and an evaluation of the student’s academic record.

A minimum of 12 credits are required. Credits are earned in Research (ENVS 401), Thesis (ENVS 403), Field Studies (ENVS 406), or Practicum (ENVS 409) for work that focuses on an environmental theme or issue and leads to a written, public product.

Environmental studies majors may substitute the project for the two upper-division social science elective courses.

Environmental science majors may substitute the project for the two upper-division natural science elective courses if the project is science based.

Honors

Students who want to graduate with honors in environmental studies must have a 3.30 overall grade point average (GPA) and a 3.50 GPA in courses required for the major. Honors candidates must also complete a student-initiated project or a research-based thesis or creative project under the direction of a faculty adviser. Students preparing to graduate with honors should notify the honors coordinator no later than the first term of their senior year.

Honors students who do not complete a student-initiated project must earn 8 credits of Research (401), Thesis (403), or both in environmental studies or another appropriate department. These credits must be distributed over at least two terms. Environmental science majors may substitute these credits for one upper-division natural science elective, environmental studies majors for one upper-division social science or humanities elective.

Minor Requirements

The interdisciplinary minor in environmental studies includes five required courses and five upper-division elective courses for a minimum of 40 credits. Courses applied to the minor must be taken for letter grades and passed with grades of C– or better. At least 16 of the 40 credits must be taken at the University of Oregon. No more than 8 upper-division credits from the major may be applied to minor requirements. With the adviser’s consent, a course numbered 407, 408, or 410 can be substituted for one of the elective courses. Students may also submit a petition to the minor adviser to substitute other courses.

Required Courses: 20 credits

Choose two courses from Introduction to Environmental Studies: Social Sciences (ENVS 201), Introduction to Environmental Studies: Natural Sciences (ENVS 202), Introduction to Environmental Studies: Humanities (ENVS 203). These courses may be taken in any order.

Choose two courses from one of the three-course combinations listed under Basic Requirements in Mathematics and Natural Science of the environmental studies major.

Choose an additional course from a different science group or from the list of additional ­natural science courses.

Advanced Course Requirements: 20 credits

Choose one natural science elective from the environmental studies major.

Choose four social science or humanities electives from the thematic groups of the environmental studies major. At least three courses must belong to one thematic group. No more than two courses may be taken in any one department.

Kindergarten through Secondary Teaching Careers

Students who complete a bachelor’s degree with a major in environmental studies or environmental science are eligible to apply for the College of Education’s fifth-year licensure program in middle-secondary teaching or the fifth-year licensure program to become an elementary teacher. More information is available from the department’s undergraduate adviser; see also the College of Education section in this catalog.

Graduate Studies [back to top]

The Environmental Studies Program offers graduate study leading to a master of arts (M.A.) or master of science (M.S.) in environmental studies and an interdisciplinary doctor of philosophy (Ph.D.) degree in environmental sciences, studies, and policy.

Students choose courses offered in appropriate disciplines to design a course plan based on individual goals and backgrounds.

Some financial support for graduate students in the Environmental Studies Program is available through graduate teaching fellowships. Support generally consists of a stipend, health insurance, and a tuition waiver.

Application instructions and materials are available on the program’s website.

Application deadline. Applicants for admission to the master’s program must submit all necessary materials by January 15. New students are accepted for fall term only.

Master’s Degree

Students admitted to the two-year master’s degree program must complete at least 60 credits distributed as follows:

Environmental Studies Graduate Core Sequence (9 credits). First year.

Capstone Course (4 credits). Second year.

Concentration Area Course Work (24 credits). Graduate-level courses related to environmental studies in each of two 12-credit concentration areas.

Internship or Substituted Course Work (3 credits). Ninety hours or more of environmental internship.

Electives (8 credits)

Thesis or Terminal Project (12 credits). Public defense or presentation required.

Concurrent Master’s Degree Programs

Environmental studies students may obtain concurrent degrees in other disciplines. For more information, contact the program office.

Doctor of Philosophy Degree

The interdisciplinary Ph.D. degree is offered by the Environmental Studies Program under the umbrella of the Joint-Campus Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Studies, and Policy, established by Oregon State University, Portland State University, and the University of Oregon.

The environmental sciences, studies, and policy program requires three to four years of post–master’s degree study.

Admissions Procedure

Admission to the Ph.D. program must be granted by both the Environmental Studies Program and by the focal department—another University of Oregon academic unit, chosen by the applicant, that offers a Ph.D. degree. Applications are reviewed independently by the admissions committees in the Environmental Studies Program and in the focal department, and both committees must approve the application before the applicant can be accepted into the program.

Requirements

Ph.D. students must satisfy breadth and concentration requirements established by the Environmental Studies Program as well as the focal department. Working with an advisory committee, each student customizes a plan of action for completion of the degree. There are four categories of requirements:

1. Focal Department Course Work. Completion of graduate course work as established by the focal department, which includes basic graduate-level proficiency in research methods appropriate to the designated focal discipline

2. Environmental Studies Course Work

a. Completion of 16 credits in each of two areas of concentration outside the focal department

b. First-year students participate in a yearlong sequence of courses required of all incoming environmental studies graduate students: a 4-credit course in fall term, a 1-credit seminar in winter term, and a 4-credit course in spring term. These courses are typically listed under the Experimental Course (ENVS 610) designation

3. Assessments of Competence. Completion of two assessments of competence: focal department and interdisciplinary. (The term “assessment of competence” is used in lieu of “comprehensive examination” in recognition of the different ways in which departments engage in such assessments)

4. Doctoral Dissertation

a. Completion of 18 credits of Dissertation (ENVS 603), as required by the Graduate School

b. Completion and defense of a written dissertation and approval of the dissertation by a committee chosen in accordance with Graduate School regulations. The committee must have at least five members. Both the chair and two additional members must be from the focal department. At least three members of the committee must be participants in the Environmental Studies Program.

Graduate Courses

Graduate students typically choose courses that contribute to their individual environmental focus from the Departments of Anthropology; Architecture; Biology; Chemistry; Economics; English; Geography; Geological Sciences; History; Landscape Architecture; Philosophy; Physics; Planning, Public Policy and Management; Political Science; and Sociology and from the International Studies Program and the School of Law. Consult the individual department listings in this catalog for course descriptions.

Environmental Studies Courses (ENVS) [back to top]

196 Field Studies: [Topic] (1–5R) R with instructor’s consent.

198 Laboratory Projects: [Topic] (1–2R) R with instructor’s consent.

199 Special Studies: [Topic] (1–5R)

201 Introduction to Environmental Studies: Social Sciences (4) Contributions of the social sciences to analysis of environmental problems. Topics include human population, relations between social institutions and environmental problems, and appropriate political, policy, and economic processes. Walker.

202 Introduction to Environmental Studies: Natural Sciences (4) Contributions of the natural sciences to analysis of environmental problems. Topics include biological processes, ecological principles, chemical cycling, ecosystem characteristics, and natural system vulnerability and recovery. Bridgham.

203 Introduction to Environmental Studies: Humanities (4) Contributions of the humanities and arts to understandings of the environment. Emphasis on diverse ways of thinking, writing, creating, and engaging in environmental discourse. Toadvine.

345 Environmental Ethics (4) Key concepts and contemporary positions surveyed; includes anthropocentrism, individualism, ecocentrism, deep ecology, and ecofeminism. Exploration includes case studies and theory. Prereq: ENVS 203. Toadvine.

350 Ecological Footprint of Energy Generation (4) Detailed study of the ecological consequences of all forms of energy generation including fossil fuels and alternative energy sources. Prereq: ENVS 202. Bothun.

355 Environmental Data Analysis and Modeling (4) Statistical methods of data modeling and analysis with specific application to environmental data sets. Prereq: ENVS 202, MATH 252 or equivalent.

399 Special Studies: [Topic] (1–5R)

401 Research: [Topic] (1–12R) R with instructor’s consent.

403 Thesis (1–8R)

404 Internship: [Topic] (1–16R)

405 Reading and Conference: [Topic] (1–16R)

406 Field Studies: [Topic] (1–12R) R with instructor’s consent.

407/507 Seminar: [Topic] (1–5R)

408/508 Workshop: [Topic] (1–8R)

409 Practicum: [Topic] (1–12R) R with instructor’s consent.

410/510 Experimental Course: [Topic] (1–5R)

411/511 Environmental Issues: [Topic] (4R) In-depth examination of a particular environmental topic such as global warming, ecosystem restoration, energy alternatives, geothermal development, public lands management, or environmental literature. R twice when topic changes for maximum of 12 credits.

420/520 Perspectives in Nature and Society (4) Comparative exploration of social science approaches to environmental issues. Focus on interaction of social institutions, culture, politics, and economy with the physical landscape. Prereq: ENVS 201. Walker.

435 Environmental Justice (4) Law and history of environmental justice, impact on current decisions. Focus on civil rights law, perception of risk, and relation of sustainability and equity. Prereq: ENVS 201.

440/540 Environmental Aesthetics (4) Explores aesthetic experience of nature through philosophical perspective; emphasizes nature and art; beauty and the sublime; embodiment, culture, and science; and ethics, conservation, and preservation. Prereq: ENVS 345 or PHIL 340.

450/550 Political Ecology (4) Examines how social relations and economic, social, and cultural contests over control of natural resources shape human interactions with the environment. Theory and case studies. Prereq: ENVS 201. Walker.

465/565 Wetland Ecology and Management (4) Examines management, law, and policies related to wetlands in an ecological framework; includes wetland type definitions, classification, distribution, formation and development, and restoration. Prereq: BI 307 or 370 or GEOG 360.

503 Thesis (1–16R)

601 Research: [Topic] (1–16R) R with instructor’s consent.

602 Supervised College Teaching (1–5R) R with instructor’s consent.

603 Dissertation (1–16R)

604 Internship: [Topic] (1–5R) R for maximum of 10 credits

605 Reading and Conference: [Topic] (1–16R) R with instructor’s consent and faculty approval.

606 Field Studies: [Topic] (1–16R)

607 Seminar: [Topic] (1–5R)

608 Workshop: [Topic] (1–16R)

609 Terminal Project (1–16R)

610 Experimental Course: [Topic] (1–5R) A recent topic is Interdisciplinary Capstone.