4) Lastly, in collaboration with the Postlethwait laboratory, the Cresko lab is studying the evolution of duplicated genes and genomes, and their relationship to organismal diversity. Half of all vertebrate species are teleost fish, and recent evidence suggest that genomic features, including a whole-genome duplication event at the base of the ray-fin fish, may have played a significant role in the teleost radiation. Work in the Cresko lab examines how the partitioning of ancestral subfunctions between gene copies may affect the lineage-specific diversification of developmental programs. Also, in collaboration with Allan Force and F. Bryan Pickett, members of the Cresko laboratory have develped theory to understand how genetic information arises in developmental genetic networks, and how genome duplication affects the structure of these networks.