3) In addition to stickleback work, members of the Cresko lab are examining how the developmental genetics of pipefish and seahorses, sister taxa to stickleback, have changed to produce an amazing array of diversity in dermal bones and head shapes. Other members of the laboratory are examining the developmental genetics of vertebral number variation (from a few dozen up to several hundred) among populations of garter snakes. Studies in both of these taxa will lead to much better understanding the genetics of fundamental developmental processes.