Bibliographical Bone Yard

A BIBLIOGRAPHICAL “BONE YARD”
Entries here are either
(1) augmentations of entries found on the matrix pedagogical bibliography [bbl.plt.clt] or
(2) additional biographical and bibliographical material not found at bbl.plt.clt

Table of Contents
Primary Sources
Secondary Sources
Additional, Still Unincorporated Bibliography

Introductory Explanations

The entries are generally in English but some entries include transliterated Russian text. Often the system of transliteration employed for extended quotation is one unique to KIMBALL FILES. However, to avoid confusion and harmonize with standard bibliographical practice, titles of publications, personal and formal institutional names are transliterated in the standard "Library of Congress" system. Those who know Russian will quickly accommodate themselves to the peculiar KIMBALL-FILES transliteration of certain texts [EG]

Here is a page devoted to the complexities of transliteration.

Most annoyingly, the entries that follow are full of three-stroke coded tags, usually placed in template fields so as to separate them from the bibliographical entries and other pedagogically important information. These are nonetheless a constant mystery to the uninitiated. For definitions, G/KIMBALL FILES codes.

Many entries here follow a datafile or biofile template which sometimes supplies information about the "author" in addition to bibliographical references.
That template might include all or some of the following fields =

<>FamilyName,GivenName SecondGivenName (or patronymic for Russians)|>Coded Abbreviation for names
| a{BirthDate, often with the year indicated by the last three numbers, EG= 1862 becomes 862. Months = ja fe mr ap my je jy au se oc no de. Days always in two strokes, EG= je02
}b{BirthPlace
}c{DeathPlace
}d{DeathCause
}e{DeathDate
}n{ETC| Here certain categorical or subject codes are used to identify major concerns of the "author", EG= the three-stroke coded tags above
}o{Major brief ID
}f{Parents
}g{Siblings
}h{Nationality (IE=ethnicity)
}i{Religion
}j{EconomicStatus
}k{Social estate [soslovie]= dxv (clergy) dvr (aristocracy) kpq (merchantry) mww (petty urbanites) krx (peasantry)
}l{Education
}m{Career
}p{Voluntary Associations
}q{Chronology
}r{Bibliography of titles by "FamilyName"
}s{Bibliography of titles about "FamilyName"
}t{Places searched with no results
}8{ETC}

Here is a more complete explanation of the KIMBALL FILES biographical/bibliographical data template

<>Andreevskii,Ivan Efim*|>AniIE| a{
}r{
*1853:AIS#6|“Russkii narod i gosudarstvo” [rvw of Leshkov kng stt&pbl]
*1872:SPB|Politseiskoe pravo??|2 volumes| ((prm plc.lwx| (74:2nd ed) freedom of qastnoi iniciativy [cvc.rgt] sodeistvo stt&pbl when prv.pzn’s strength not sufficient))
*1880:RSt#27:403-422|“Khod rasprostraneniia politicheskikh znanii v Rossii v 1855-1880 gg”| ((65:GU.cnp new powers, now existed 15y, & here are results =
1) W/few exceptions RUS period.tpg has moderated plt tone
2) Main plt trends, cnx & progressive, have been popularized
3) Contest between these two still not given sufficient freedom, so results paltry, often taking form of pznal rankor
4) SPB & MVA jrn~ lord over gbx bcs cnp more stifling there
5) Weak gbx jrn~ stunt dev. of plt.knowledge even in SPB &MVA, create impression of episodic & accidental plt.clt
6) gzt~ very weak; most esteemed & widely crc have sbx of no more than 25K
7) svt jrn~ have only 100s of sbx, but they show slight beginnings of plt.clt
8) Still, progressive plt.clt has played a role in support of stt.rfm~
9) Almost no lwx.sud cases vs. jrn, mainly apx ddd; so this promises eventual growth of plt.jrn~
10) jrn are succeeding, even with pathological developments; these best left to free press to correct [409-12] unv play role too, free unv bgn to show this promise with GvnAV as MNP. AniIE’s initial emphasis is edc for qin. “No takie sveduwwie lyudi stol’ je neobxodimy i na popriwwax deyatel’nosti organov samoupravleniya i soyuznogo stroya deistvuyuwwix parallel’no s pravitel’stvennymi organiami i razdelyayuwwimi s nimi trudy po dostijeniyu gosudarstvennyx celei.” Not just “parallel’no” but stt&pbl learning “vzaimodeistviya” [415 cvc.pbl] INX fdr cvc.pbl “...interesy gosudarstva mogut byt’ dostigaemy tol’ko pri suwwestvovanii samostoyatel’nogo mestnogo samoupravleniya, znayuwwogo mestnye potrebnosti, -- sami pravitel’stva, svoeyu gosudarstvennoyu vlastiyu, stali sozdavat’ v toi ili drugoi forme samoupravlyayuwwiesya politiqeskie tela, kotorym stali vveryat’ tu ili druguyu otrasl’ mestnogo upravleniya, ili i vse upravlenie mestnosti”. AniIE uses wrd “obshchina” in generic sense of community |Only with Zmv have we moved in this direction. Earlier slf.gvt was based on sSs principle [EG:dvr.mtg], or quickly decayed [EG: grd.dmx] Somehow vlg.sxd survived, then 1861 promises of enhancement; then Zmv| Zmv were given very narrow and limited ddd| 1^st mtg~ of Zmv were too ambitious, but they tell much abt RUS plt.clt = Study Zmv mtg documents [and the VEO’s valuable Zemskii ezhegodnik] & see original instant understanding about the need for 2 things = scl~ & “sanitarnoe delo” [418] And what about grd.dmx? They too || Don’t forget “deyatel’nost’ organov soyuznogo stroya”, a mass of companies, union, associations have grown rapidly. Look just as rrd obx~, thier rpt~ not just ekn but plt too, plt.clt must grow for these to thrive. Ditto bnk~, stk.cmp~, slf-hlp mutual obx~| Finally svt.obx~, uqenye obx~, nauqnye obx~ in avc fields = EG:ekn, lwx [421] CONCLUSIONS = (1) P-1 dreamt of 3 things, and we are doing them = (a) tgt plt.scs (b) crc plt pbc~ (c) practical ddd of stt, obshchiny & soyuzy (2) A-2 rfm~ are strengthening all three of these (3) [cvc.pbl] See a great deal of sodeistvie ix vzaimnomu drug na druga vliyaniyu i vzaimnoi pomowwi” (4) Spread of plt.clt certain, but successes limited, so far (5) Further progress only w/real success of A-2’s rfm~, development of stt, obshchiny & soyuzy, “i torjestvo izstarinnyx politiqeskix naqal Russkoi zemli” [!? 422] (6) A-2 rfm~ are assured success & pbl will develop according to its natural cnx principles, but no one should be shocked at occasional setbacks bcs “politiqeskie istiny mogut delat’sya vse bol’wim i bol’wim dostoyaniem russkogo obwwestva” CF:blw rsp idl plt.clt))
*1881:RSt#31:?? [source sd #2]| “Khod rasprostraneniia v russkom obshchestve politicheskikh znanii,1855-1880” [re.A-2’s Silver jubilee]
*1882:RSt#34:525-42|“Kniaz’ Aleksandr Arkadievich Suvorov”| ((prm vsp unv.rbx SvrAA))
pst re.edc,prz pbl.hlt to help others,particularly the bdn [less self]
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Bakunin,Mikhail| a{
}r{
--|The Political Philosophy of Bakunin: Scientific Anarchism. EBy G. P. Maximoff with a biographical sketch by Max Nettlau. LND: Free Press of Glencoe,1964.
--|in Edie
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Baring,Maurice| a{874}e{945
}r{
|>Mainsprings of Russia|LND:1914| ((OWN| prm trv RREV1))
|>What I Saw in Russia|LND:1913| ((914.7 B239w| prm trv RREV1 1905oc17:1907se;narrative:212-381))
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Bebel,August| a{}
*1906:on RREV1| ((G/PREV:197-8 rvw))

<>Bely,Andrei [pseud. of Bugaev]| a{
}r{
|>Petersburg| ((prm blt hst RREV1))
--| “Revolution and Culture” [RB-C]
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Berdiaev,Nikolai| a{}e{
}r{
--|Dostoevsky according to Nikolai Berdiaev
--|Religion and politics, according to Nikolai Berdiaev
--|RB-C| “Socialism as a Religion”
--|SUQ:243-278| “The Ethics of Creativity”
*1914:LND|RRe#3:| “Heroism and Service: Thoughts on the Religious Character of the Russian Intelligentsia”| ((ntg=rlg Mrx))
*1931:LND|>The Russian Revolution: Two Essays on Its Implications in Religion and Psychology| ((UO special request #10344| prm))
*1979:MA.Belmont|>Karl Marx as a Religious Type: His Relations to the Religion of Anthropotheism of L. Feuerbach| ((B3305.M74B813| Mrx scx=rlg psx))
*1989:MVA|>Eros i lichnost': filosofiia pola i liubvi| ((BT708.B473))
*:|>SoS. 3 volumes. B4238.B4a1
}s{
}t{}8{}

<>Bervi,Vasilii Vxi*|>Bervi-Flerovskii,Vasilii Vxi*|>BFl|>BrvVV| a{1829ap28
}r{
Most pst by pseud,thus most cannot identify
*1859:JMlwx#3|re.ENG lwx
*1862?| “Pis’mo V. V. Bervi k predvoditeliam dvorianstva”|In YMI:54-55| ((8x11 w/YMI| prm dvr.mtg))
*1869:SPB|>Polozhenie rabochego klassa v Rossii| ((prm Mrx prl krx trv|not systematic study,but empassioned reportage, “to be read w/bated breath”[VRR:488] 872:2nd ed. destroyed at press by stt|Only few survived, re-prt in BFl,Izb v1 abv))
*1870:71; Nedel’|re.vlg.o
*1871:1894; |>Azbuka sotsial’nykh nauk|Several?? vv|:1871-1894| ((prm scx pbl.scs| CF:GrkM vsp re.TolL))
*1872:SPB|>Issledovaniia po tekushchim voprosam| ((prm PRS.cmn G/RRE:172-3, LiN#7/8:176))
*1872:G&K:33?-52| “Klassicheskaia strana krupnogo zemlevladeniia”| ((IREland lnd brz ekn.trx idl MllJS))
*187?:SPB|>Na zhizn’ i smert’: Izobrazhenie idealistov| ((Hkd BRN#25| prm blt))
*1932:LiN#2:55-74|“Neizdanaia stat’ia”|Introductory article by Lev Kamenev,“Marks o Flerovskom”| ((prm Mrx hst.gph))
*1897:LND|>Tri politicheskie sistemy: Nikolai I, Aleksandr II, i Aleksandr III; vospominaniia...| ((NYP cat|8x11-Brv| prm vsp N-1 A-2 A-3 plt.mvt plt.clt|543 pp|GRM tlng made))
*1915mr:GoM#3:134-82; 4 #4:144-66; #5:122-42; more in 1916??| “Vospominaniia”| ((8x11-Brv| Re-prt (more complete?) of Tri abv| LTF held rights to vsp))
*1929:MVA-LGR|>Zapiski revoliutsionera mechtatelia|Edited with a forward by M. Klevenskii| ((NYP & HoT cat| prm vsp A-2 plt.mvt|shorted version of GoM vsp; bxo ndx))
*1958:MVA|>Izbrannye ekonomicheskie proizvedeniia v dvukh tomakh| ((OWN prm ekn))
|>O muchenike Nik.... [IISG]
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Beveridge,Albert J| a{1862}e{1927
}r{
|>The Russian Advance|NYC:1903| ((prm trv SIB TolL))
}s{}t{}8{}t pbd))

<>Bezborodko 1799:memo on reform [Raeff2:70-74]

<>Blok,Aleksandr A| a{
}r{
*1908no| “Ironiia”| In SoS,5:269-73
*1908no| “Narod i intelligentsiia”| SoS,5:259-68| Translated as “The People and the Intelligentsia” in Raeff3:359-63|
*1918ja19| “Intelligentsiia i revoliutsiia”| SoS,5:396-406| Translated in Raeff3:364-71|
*1908de| “Stikhiia i kul’tura”| SoS,5:274-83
*1918mr| “Iskusstvo i revoliutsiia (Po povodu tvoreniia Richarda [?sp] Vagnera)”| SoS,5:408-12| ((G/1920 blw))
*1918my| “Katilina: Stranitsa iz istorii mirovoi Revoliutsiia”| In SoS,5:449-50| Translated as “Catiline: A Page from the History of World Revolution”| In RB-C|
*1920:|>Iskusstvo i revoliutsiia| ((G/1918mr abv))
*1920:BRL|>Rossiia i intelligentsiia| ((OWN| prm ntg blt| 71p| Gathered Narod i Int, Stikhiia i kul’tura, Intelligentsiia i rev”, etc))
>SoS v shesti tomakh| 5 vols| MVA:1971| ((OWN))
}s{
|>The Poet and the Revolution: Aleksandr Blok’s The Twelve| Russian text of the poem,plus translation]| EBy Sergei Hackel| O.ENG:OUP.C,1975| ((PG3453.B6d857| prm stx RREV mnt clt blt))
}t{}8{}

<>Bobrovskaia,Cecilia| a{
}r{Twenty Years in Underground Russia: Memoirs of a Rank and File Bolshevik| ((prm vsp wmn SDs(b) RREV1 RREV2 RREV3))
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Bukharin,Nikolai| a{}e{
}r{
| “Bringing Up the Young Generation [1922]” in RBV1:55-61;edc chd clt
|>Imperialism and World Economy| Introduced by Vladimir Lenin. NYC: 1967. HB501.B84613
|>Politics and Economics of the Transition Period| Edited by Kenneth Tarbuck. LND: 1979. JC474.B7413
|>Selected Writings on the State| Introduced by Stephen F. Cohen and Ken Coates. Armonk NY: 1982. HB97.5.B854
Bukharin,Nikolai,and Evgenii A. Preobrazhenskii|>The ABC of Communism: A Popular Explanation of the Program of the Communist Party of Russia| Introduction by Sydney Heitman. Ann Arbor: 1966 [1922]. HX314.B822
|>ABC of Communism| Translated by Eden and Cedar Paul,with an introduction by E. H. Carr. LND: 1969
--|>Imperialism and World Economy. Introduced by Vladimir Lenin. New York City: 1967. HB501.B84613
--|>Politics and Economics of the Transition Period. Edited by Kenneth Tarbuck. London: 1979. JC474.B7413
--|>Program of the Communists (Bolshevists)| Pamphlets on Communism,v. 1,no. 11,collected by Tom Burns. New York City: Communist Labor Party of America,[1918]. Rare bks 335.408 P191
--|>Selected Writings on the State. Introduced by Stephen F. Cohen and Ken Coates. Armonk NY:1982. HB97.5.B854
--| “The New Economic Policy of Soviet Russia”. In Lenin et al. The New Policies of Soviet Russia, pp. 43-61
--|On factionalism [RRC,3]

<>Bukharin,N. I.,A. M. Beborin,Y. M. Uranovsky,S. I. Vavilov,V. L. Komarov and A. I. Tiumeniev. Marxism and Modern Thought. New York City: 1935. HB501.M5M3
<>Bukharin,Nikolai,and Evgenii A. Preobrazhenskii. ABC of Communism| Introduction by E. H. Carr. London: 1969
<>Bukharin,Nikolai,and Evgenii A. Preobrazhenskii. The ABC of Communism: A Popular Explanation of the Program of the Communist Party of Russia. Introduction by Sydney Heitman. Ann Arbor: 1966 [1922] | ((prm)) HX314.B822
<>Bukharin,Nikolai,et al. Science at the Cross Roads: Papers Presented to the International Congress of the History of Science and Technology,held in London from June 29th to July 3rd,1931,by the Delegates of the USSR. Second edition. London: 1971. SCI bbt Q175.5.S35
}s{
>Cohen,Stephen F.|>Bukharin and the Bolshevik Revolution: A Political Biography,1888-1938. NY: 1973. DK268.B76C63 1973
Tucker,Robert
}t{}8{}

<>Catherine II, Empress of Russia| a{
}r{
*1767jy19:|>Catherine the Great’s Instruction (Nakaz) to the Legislative Commission|EBy and TBy Paul Dukes of Nakaz ... dannyi Kommissii o sochinenii proekta novago ulozheniia|Series:Russia under Catherine the Great,v2|Newtonville MA:ORP,1977| ((DK171 .R87|129p bbl:39-41| prm lwx.kmm tUt C-2 RUS2))
*1785|The Charters to the Nobility, Towns, and State Peasants| EBy David Griffiths and George Munro| ((dvr grd stt.srf)) |>The Memoirs of Catherine the Great|TBy Katharine Anthony|N.NY:1927| ((DK170.A5|UO special collections| prm vsp C-2 stt))
|>Voltaire and Catherine the Great: Selected Correspondence|TEby A. Lentin,with foreword by Elizabeth Hill|C.ENG:CUP,1974| ((PQ2084.C313| prm C-2 idl))
Documents of Catherine the Great| EBy William F. Reddaway| Cambridge ENG:1931 | prm noUO
}s{
Alexander, John T. Autocratic Politics in a National Crisis. Bloomington:1969. DK183.A44
--------. Emperor of the Cossacks:Pugachev and the Frontier Jacquerie of 1773-1775. Lawrence KS:1873. DK183.A45
--------. Catherine the Great: Life and Legend. Oxford UP. DK170.A58
Donnert, Erich. Russia in the Age of Enlightenment. Leipzig:1985. DK127.D6613 | prm
Jones, Robert Edward. The Emancipation of the Russian Nobility, 1762-1785. Princeton:1973. HT647.J65
Madariaga, Isabel de. Russia in the Age of Catherine the Great. New Haven:1981. DK171.D45
Raeff, Marc, ed. Catherine the Great: A Profile. NYC:1972
}t{}8{}

<>Chaianov,Aleksandr| a{}n{krx.trx called static peasant way of life a “mode of production” [contradicted orthodox followers of Mrx [EG] & Lnn [EG] who denied existence of independent "village" mode of production] Susan Solomon, The Soviet Agrarian Debate described how Q has been called “neo-populist” | [grd/gbx] Katerina Clark, “The City versus the Countryside in Soviet Peasant Literature of the Twenties: A Duel of Utopias”, in Blw.clt, explored the neo-Slavophile side of Q}o{
}m{
Q's theoretical accomplishments or failures must be placed in the context of the profound changes being worked on rural populations in the early phases of industrialization [EG]
}r{
*1920:”The Journey of My Brother Alexei to the Land of Peasant Utopia” | pseud=Kremnev,Ivan| tlng in Smith,R.E.F.,RUS krx,1920-1984:63-106| (())
*1966:Homewood IL|>The Theory of the Peasant Economy|
((
1.fmy farm 2.lnd husbandry 3.traditional.clt 4.subject to complex web of powerful outsiders| Q had much influence on Shanin,Awkward [ID] | Edelman,krx.prl:14-19 summary = “The continuing vitality of the community was supposed to bind peasant to each other in opposition to the outside forces of landlords, governments, markets, and (one should add) other villages. This last view dominated Shanin’s conception of the political sociology of the peasantry. With its strong emphasis on the centripetal forcers in the village, Shanin’s approach left little room for the formation of the true social classes in general and rural proletariat in particular. The dominant struggle on the land then became one of united insiders versus outsiders rather than of rich against poor within the village”[19] SAC editor added boldface above in order to raise this question = Why has Edelman written "in opposition to" rather than “in dynamic factional relationship with”? Is it because he sees politics as struggle of one against all rather than as a process of constant rebalancing among various overlapping interests?] | Q's economic views are similar to Robert Redfield's anthropological views [EG#1] [EG#2] = village life over many centuries and in many areas of the world can be seen as a closely knit and harmonious network of interpersonal relations and kinship patterns
))
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Chaikovskii,Nikolai Vxi*| a{
}r{
*1905:LND|>Russia in Revolution:193-206| ((vsp “recorded” by G. H. Perris| 3x5:bxo))
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Chernov,Viktor| a{}b{}c{}d{}e{}n{}o{
}f{}g{}h{}i{}j{}k{
}l{
}p{
SRs
*1918ja:Constituent Assembly elected him president
}r{
Great Russian Revolution
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Chernova,Olga E. [Chernova-Kolbasina]| a{
}r{
--|>New Horizons:Reminiscences of the Russian Revolution|Westport CN:1975 [L.ENG:1936]| ((DK265.7.c4813| prm RREV vsp SRs))
--|vsp of krx.rbx,RREV2 [Page.RR]
}s{}t{}8{}

<>De Leon,Daniel| a{852}e{914}
|>James Madison and Karl Marx: A Contrast and a Similarity; Two Articles|N.NY:National Executive Committee, Socialist Labor Party,1920| ((UO Mds Mrx plt.clt USA2.cst 30p lxt 889:913;1st pbd))

<>Denikin,Anton| a{}b{}c{}d{}e{}n{}o{mlt.srv
}r{
The Russian Turmoil: Memoirs, Military, Social, and Political. London: 1922
--|The White Army
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Dorosh,Harry| a{
}r{
*1944:N.NY|>Russian Constitutionalism| ((342.47 D737|plt.clt cst rfm Wbr?| USA ?beginnings of CWX.hst.gph| “a sketch” but w/attention to cst idl of DKB| ch on rfm A-2,emphasizing lbx gnt & Vlv.rxn| rdx= main threat,& spc ch on LMeM cst prj shows better future squelched by rvs))
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Drahomaniv,Mykhailo Ptr*|>Dragomanov,Mikhail Ptr*|>DrhMP| a{}n{}o{UKR ntn plt pundit
}r{
*1905:PRS|>Collected Works??|EBy Bogdan Kistiakovskii| ((noUO))
*1952:N.NY|>A Symposium and Selected Writings: The Annals of the Ukrainian Academy of Arts and Sciences in the U. S. 2/1| ((noUO UKR))
}s{
}t{}8{}

<>Durnovo,Petr N| a{
}r{
}s{
Aldanov,Marc,on Durnovo,PN in Moh.RR
}t{}8{}

<>Eastman,Max| a{
}r{
Trotsky:Portrait of a Youth| ((??noUO| chd.Trt))
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Florenskii,Pavel Axr*| a{}n{}o{
}r{
--|SUQ: 137-172| “On the Holy Spirit”
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Florovskii,Georgii V| a{}b{}n{}o{
}r{
--|RB-C| “In the World of Quests and Wanderings”
--|>Puti russkogo bogosloviia IN ENGLISH = |>Ways of Russian Theology
--|KNIGHT
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Fonvizen,Denis. 1779my:"Ta Hsüeh” and other political essays [Raeff3:88-105]

<>Francis,David Rowland| a{
}r{
The Papers of David Rowland Francis,American Ambassador to Russia: 1916-1918. University Publications of America. flm (11 reels)
--|Dollars and Diplomacy: Ambassador David Rowland Francis and the Fall of Tsarism,1916-1917. Edited by Jamie H. Cockfield. Durham NC: 1981. E183.8.r9f65
--|Russia From the American Embassy. 947.084 F847
}s{
Clay,Catherine| "Responsibility in an Untried Field"
}t{}8{}

<>Gershenzon,Mikhail O| a{
}r{
*1909|>Vekhi| CLICK FOR SEVERAL EDITIONS| ((>Vexi| sbr.prm ntg RUS2|
Gershenzon,Mikhail,ed
Berdiaev,N
Bulgakov,S
Gershenzon,M
Izgoev,A
Kistiakovskii,N
Struve,P
Frank,S
))
G/*1921:|>Ivanov
*1923:MVA|>Istoriia molodoi Rossii: Analiz russkoi mysli i dushevnogo sostoianiia intelligentsii; Pecherin, Stankevich, Granovskii, Galakhov, Ogarev i dr| ((| prm ntg RS0| ?includes 906:MVA kng on plt.idl Hzn? krj.StnNV))
*1986:CA Irving, Schlacks|>A History of Young Russia| ((SUMMIT| prm ntg RUS2))
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Golovin,Nikolai Nxi*| a{
}p{
gte PRS
WW2 ~~FSCh & Vlasov mlt
}r{
*1931:New Haven, YUP|>The Russian Army in the World War| ((1of Shotwell series| mlt))
In Adams.RR
*1917su: mlt disintegration in Moh.RR
}s{
BSE3
}t{}8{}

<>Graham,Stephen| a{
}r{
Russia in 1916. NYC: MacMillan Co.,1917
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Gorky,Maxim|>GorM| a{}n{ RREV3 clt rvs SDs(b) Lnn}o{
}r{
|>Untimely Thoughts: Essays on Revolution, Culture and the Bolsheviks,1917-1918| ((prm))
*:|>PSS|
w/Lnn [RRC,3]
G/BBL
>Gorky,Maxim,Molotov,Voroshilov,Kirov,Zhdanov,Stalin|>History of the Russian Revolution. 4 volumes. MVA: 1946
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Got'e,Yurii Vladimirovich| a{}o{prf
}r{
Time of Troubles: The Diary of Iurii Vladimirovich Got'e,Moscow,July 8,1917[,] to July 23,1922. Translated by Terence Emmons. Princeton NJ: 1988. DK265.6.G66a3
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Great Britain| Foreign Office|
|>British Documents on Foreign Affairs: Reports and Papers from the Foreign Office Confidential Print|
Part 1 (From the Mid-Nineteenth Century to the First World War),section 1:“Russia”| EBy Dominic Lieven| 6 vols| ((irx ENG))
Part 2 (From the First to the Second World War),section 1:“The Soviet Union”|| 15vv| ((prm irx ENG Cwrx RS1 RS2 RREV1 WW1 RREV2 RREV3 Gwrx NEP STL))

<>Gurko,Vasilii|>Gourko,B|

<>Gurko,Vladimir Iosifovich| a{
}r{
*1922:PRS|Russkaia letopis'#2:94-99 etc| “Chto est' i chego net v 'Vospominaniiakh' grafa S. Yu. Vitte”| ((GRS:55,120 prm vsp RREV1 stt.srv))
*1939:SUP|>Features and Figures of the Past: Government and Opinion in the Reign of Nicholas II| ((947.08 G936 prm stt pbl))
}s{}t{}

<>Harper,Samuel| a{882}e{943
}r{
*1945:CHI|>The Russia I Believe In: The Memoirs of Samuel N. Harper, 1902-1941| ((OWN vsp trv RREV1 hst.gph USA2))
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Harcave,Sidney|
|>First Blood: The Russian Revolution of 1905| ((>H05| RREV1 RUS3 noWbr| aka >Russian Revolution of 1905
*1903:prg of SDs [H05:262-8]
*1904my04:Draft prg of SRs [H05:268-73]
*1904no:Zmv cng 11 theses [H05:279-81]
*1904de12:TSR ukaz to SNT [H05:282-5]
*1905ja09: Father Gapon and Ivan Vasimov, Workers' petition to TSR [H05:285-9]
*1905mr:05my; prg of Union of Lib [H05:273-9]
*1905oc18:Pravitel’stvennyi vestnik published Witte memo to TSR [H05:289-92]
*1905oc:KDs program [H05:292-300]
))

<>Heald,Edward T| Witness to Revolution: Letters from Russia,1916-1919. Edited by James B. Gidney. DK265.7.H4

<>Herzen,Alexander I| a{
}r{
|>Childhood, Youth and Exile. Translated by J. D. Duff with an Introduction by Sir Isaiah Berlin. Oxford ENG: 1980| ((chd))
|>Ends and Beginnings. Translated by Constance Garnett;edited by Aileen Kelly and Humphrey Higgens. Oxford ENG: 1985
|>Who is to Blame? A Novel in Two Parts. Translated and edited by Michael R. Katz. Ithaca NY: 1984
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Hoetzsch,Otto|
|>Russland: Eine Einfuhrung auf Grund seiner Geschichte von 1904 bis 1912|BRL:1913| ((frm Honigsheim ndr gnr RREV1 GRM.hst.gph Wbr idl of sham cst is “exaggerated” and “one-sided”[Schultz“Constitution of 1906:45]))

<>Hunczak,Taras,ed| The Ukraine,1917-1921: A Study in Revolution. Cambridge MA: 1977| ((DK265.8.u4u335| Gwrx))

<>Ivanov,Viacheslav| a{}
--|RB-C| “Crisis of Individualism”
*1921:|>Ivanov,Viacheslav, and >Gershenzon,Mikhail| Correspondence from two corners| ((dispute discussed by Florovskii))

<>Kautsky,Karl|
*1934:| “Marxism and Bolshevism: Democracy and Dictatorship”. In Socialism,Fascism,Communism. Joseph Shaplen and David Shub,eds| ((335 Sh 22))
--|Selected Political Writings. Ed. and Tran. by Patrick Goode. NYC: 1984. bbt.rqt 86.02

<>Kennan,George| a{845}e{924
}r{
|>Siberia and the Exile System| ((OWN| prm trv))
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Kerenskii,Aleksandr Fdr*| a{}e{}n{VRM}o{
}m{
[SAC LOOP]
}r{
*1919:LND|>The Prelude to Bolshevism: The Kornilov Rebellion
*1927:LND|>The Catastrophe: Kerensky's Own Story of the Russian Revolution
*1934:NYC|>The Crucifixion of Liberty| ((??noUO))
*1965:NYC|>Russia and History's Turning Point
}s{
<>Abraham,Richard. Alexander Kerensky: The First Love of the Revolution
G/Katkov,George
}t{}8{}

<>Khabalov,on RREV2 [RRC,3]

<>Kizevetter,Aleksandr Axr*| a{866}e{933}n{}o{
}r{
*1910:MVA|>Mestnoe samoupravlenie v Rossii IX-XIX st.: Istoricheskii ocherk|2^nd ed= PGR:1917| ((gbx.rfm plt.clt lcl.slf.apx cst fdr|2^nd ed=JS6056.K47))
*1912:MVA|>Istoricheskie ocherki| ((OWN ndr lbx|“Iz istorii russkogo liberalizma: Ivan Petrovich Pnin”:57-87 (lxt lbx mvt,cst pressure,1730; Pnin:pbl structure has no foundation) ))
*1929:PRAGUE|>Na rubezhe dvukh stoletii| ((GRS:187,221! prm vsp? hst.gph RREV1))
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Kliuchevskii,Vasilii Osip*|>KqvVO| a{841ja16}b{PNZgbx}e{911my12}n{}o{lbx hstian prf
}k{dxv
}r{
*1910c:L.ENG and 1911-1913:N.NY|>A History of Russia| The great Kurs russkoi istorii TBy C. J. Hogarth??| 5vv| ((|>Kliuchevskii,1-??|>Kqv,1-5|DK40.K6|A faulty old translation; volumes 3 and four available in later, superior translations (EG=see *1969)| gnr))

*1911c:|>Kurs russkoi istorii|v5(1958 ed.):461 deals w/final v.of Kurs, never finished at K’s death| K pst nabroski to his kurs in order to bring out a final ed| We will never know bcs he died bfr v5 cld be revised| The era of rfm was the final topic treated in his kurs, and the txt under revision at this death concentrated on the institution and econ dimensions of serf emancipation| As a young man, K witnessed the era of rfm in all its complexity,but in his unrevised txt he elected to skim over the broader social hst of the era| In the freer atmosphere of the 1905 REV era, his nabroski sought to rectify this delicate evasion in the unfinished revision of v5| Society, he noted, found it nearly impossible, under pressure of endless sequence of innovations, to sustain a well-considered relationship of support and involvement in state sponsored rfm. Society could not adjust them to its own needs. As the reform came into full and coordinated operation, a complex, instinctive, natural mobilization of social forces arose “which was not based on conscious leadership or direction” and which expressed itself only through “aggregate indicators” [avtomatiqeskix pokazatel’ei]. It could be described statistically, for example, stockmarket and price fluctuations. The appearance, for example, of joint stock companies in aggregate indicated that the center of gravity of national life shifting. Just as old basis of wealth evaporated, so also did the social presumptions that underpinned them [the social-service hierarchies]. New enterprizes and new professions quickly and unexpectedly transformed the perceived social landscape.
“Human [this word substituted for marked out “social”] relations were coming unraveled and at the same time were reweaving themselves in new combinations. The dense structures of community disintegrated along with the ancient gentry estates. Society quickly changed its membership and profile [phrase marked out: “persons re-measured themselves with a new yardstick, old authorities were replaced by new, less ancient”], new types made their appearance in society and in literature. In this whirlwind of new movements, one’s personality lost its stability. Old foundations of personal and social significance crumbled and were replaced by new. People still continued to feel motivated to act, but had ceased to predict the consequences of their actions.” [This was the last sentence that K completed in his MS revision of the famous Kurs.]

*1969:C.IL|>A Course in Russian History: The Seventeenth Century|TBy N. Duddington|Kurs russkoi istorii v3| ((|>Kliuchevskii,3|>Kqv,3|DK114.K573| gnr))
|>Re.Dmx1 & RREV1,GO GRS:190 etc
))
}s{
}t{
}8{}

<>Knox,General Sir Alfred| a{}
*1921:LND|>With the Russian Army,1914-1917| 2vv| ((D550.K6| mlt WW1 RREV2 RREV3))

<>Kokovtsov,Vladimir Nxi*| a{
}m{
*1904:1914; Mstt.mny| State Finance Minister
*1911:1914; SoM prx| Council of Ministers President
}r{
|>Out of My Past: The Memoirs of Count Kokovtsov...|>Iz moego proshlogo (MVA:1992, NB! 2vv| Earlier PRS:1933) TBy L. Matveev|Stanford:1935| ((vsp stt.srv ekn vsp))
G/Shotwell
}s{
}t{}8{}

<>Kolchak,Aleksandr V| The Testimony of Kolchak and Other Siberian Materials| Edited by Elena Varneck and H. H. Fisher. Stanford: 1935

<>Kollontai,Aleksandra M| a{
}r{
*1918: “The Family and the Communist State” [RBV1:79-88]
*1921“Fight Against Prostitution” [RBV1:96-106]
*1923: “Make Way for the Winged Eros” [RBV1:179-84]
}s{
Clements
Farnsworth
}t{}8{}

<>Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaia partiia|>KDs|
*1906ja05:11; |>Vtoroi vserossiiskii s”ezd Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskoi partii 5-11 ianvaria 1906 g|

<>Kostomarov,Nikolai Ivn*|>KstNI| a{817}n{PBL| prf Pvsp:193 sd Wwa & Kst = new hst.gph sense of nrd; pbl heard “the voice of a living people” not as passive material in hands of ddd stt,“no kak faktor,pytavwiisya samostoyatel’no napravlyat’ istoriqeskii process, po men’wei mere vyrajavwii svoe otnowenie k tem ili drugim ego storonam”}
}r{
*1847:GRM Augsburg|>Knigi bitiia ukrains’kogo naroda| Translated as Kostomarov’s “Books of Genesis of the Ukrainian People”| IBy B. Yanivs’kyi [Volodymyr Mijakovs’kyj]|Mimeographed Series:Research Program on the U.S.S.R.,60|N.NY:1954| ((prm UKR KMO))
*1850s:SAR.gbx.vd
*1854:pbd nrd songs (got into trouble w/plc [KstN,Avto:218])
*1857:pbd rpt [?re.StO or Jwx ritual dth-?] Mordovtsev reprted this in Pamiatnaia knizhka SARoi gubernii [KstN,Avto:226 PmK]
*1857:|>Bogdan Khmel’nitskii i vozrashchenie Yuzhnoi Rusi k Rossii| ((UKR hst))
*1858:Bunt Sten’ki Razina| ((rvs RS0 UKR))
*1860jy:Svm#7,3:75-92|“O kazachestve: Otvet 'Vilenskomu vestniku'”| ((Attacked idea that kzk anarchy,KstN tried to show that simple dmk idl motivated kzk| To protect dmk,they shifted back and forth twixt RUS &POL [KstN,Avto:270-1]))
*1860:Klk#61:| ltr-edt Hzn re.UKR
*1861??:Osnova:| “Dve russkoi narodnosti”| ((prm UKR ntn nrd idl=UKR.distinctness;“clxless” “brz-less” nrd| hst= whole nrd| All my hst work in the reform era has given rise to plm attacks|My idea that in udel system of Rus a fdr principle existed, and that I intended that to apply to the present day,perhaps to predict future|But I never said anything directly about that|People read things into my pst [he seems to be saying,in so many words]|Esp. “Dve russ. narodnosti”|People have the habit of reading between the lines,esp. under severe cnp| Even took me to be in favor of “serparatism”,esp. after POL.rbx|Once that great fear passed,then people could see how two RUS narodnosti fulfill one another|Still,I hve been acz- of “UKRainofil’stvo” [KstN,Avto:272-4]))
*1861??:Osnova:| “O federativnom nachale drevnei Rusi”| ((prm ntn fdr hst plt stt idl))
*1909:YSL:117-139| “Peterburgskii universitet nachala 1860-kh godov”| ((prm SPB.unv|xrx))
*1922:MVA|>Avtobiografiia...| ((HOT UIL;noNYP|8x11 xrp:210-226 “5. Zhizn’ v Saratove”| prm slf.bxo vsp))
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Kovalevskii,Maksim M|>KvyMM| a{}n{}o{prf
}r{
*1879:|>Obshchinnoe zemlevladenie [Communal Landownership]| ((hd715.k66| 231p| Translated excerpts in Krader, The Asiatic Mode:343-412| vlg.o Mrx))
*1895:MVA|>Proiskhozhdenie sovremennoi demokratii | 2v| v1: “Obshchestvennyi i politicheskii stroi Frantsii nakanune revoliutsii”| 3d edition| SPB:1912| v2: “Narodnaia monarkhiia: razbor sotsial’nogo i politicheskogo zakonodatel’stva konstituanty”| (( prm| lbx tUt dmk trx idl| v1:hst of pbl/plt background to FREV| v2:course of FREV, shifting to tUt crystalizations of pbl/ekn changes))
*1902|>Russian political institutions; the growth and development of these institutions from the beginnings of Russian history to the present time
*1906:SPB|>Politicheskaia programma novogo Soiuza narodnogo blagodenstviia | ((prm grp/Partiia.dmk.rfm plt.pty RREV1))
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Krupskaia,Nadezhda K|
*1917oc26: Leninist party [Senn,Readings,2]
*1922: “What a Communist Ought to Be Like” [RBV1:38-41]
--|Reminiscences of Lenin

<>Kurbskii,Andrei and Ivan IV. The correspondence| DK106.A25

<>Lane,David Stuart,ed| a{}
*1978: & 1971|>Politics and Society in the USSR| ((jn65...| sbr.prm plt.clt))

<>Lange,Ch. L|
|>Russia, the Revolution and the War...|:| ((947.084 L26 prm trv WW1 RREV))

<>Lavrov,Peter L| a{}o{prf
}r{
--|Historical Letters| Translated with an Introduction and Notes by James P. Scanlan|
--|In Edie
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Lenin,Vladimir Il'ich| a{
}r{
|>The Development of Capitalism in Russia
|>Persecutors of the Zemstvo|
*1902|>What’s to be Done? ((prm))
*1905|>“Ein Vortrag ueber die Revolutionsbewegung in Jahre 1905”|In Leninskii sbornik 5:46| ((crt of Wbr))
*1905|>Lecture on the 1905 Revolution|
*1916|>State and Revolution
*1916|>Imperialism: the Highest Stage of Capitalism
*1921| “Better Fewer, But Better”
*1960:1978; MVA & LND|>Collected Works| 46 vols| ((prm Mrx Lnn idl))
*1975:NYC|>The Lenin Anthology| Edited by Robert C. Tucker
|>Reference Index to Collected Works of V. I. Lenin. Parts one and two. bbt.rqt 86.02
|>Selected Works
|>Complete Collected Works | :| ((bbt.rqt 86.02| prm))
}s{
re.chd.Lnn = Pipes.RR | Theen | Vol'skii
Lenin cited by GRS:58 (9:129);59 (10:252);191 (ll:182);222 (12:27)
*1922:Proletarskaia revolutsiia#11:157-78| “Materialy po istorii konferentsii s.-d. partii v Rossii v 1905 g”| ((GRS:81))
}t{}8{}

<>Leontovich,Viktor V|>Leontowitch,Victor| a{
}r{
*1957:Frankfurt am Main|>Geschichte des liberalismus in Russland| ((lbx stt.srv| p418:apologizes for Wbr’s wrd.hst “Pseudokonstitutional” [sic],explaining that the great scholar fell under the [temporary] influence of KD acquaintances))
*1980:|>Istoriia liberalizma v Rossii, 1762-1914| ((Translated from the 1957 GRM ed| Later RUS ed=OWN))
*1995:MVA, Russkii put’|>Istoriia liberalizma v Rossii| Series: Issledovaniia noveishei russkoi istorii,1|EBy A. I. Solzhenitsyn| ((OWN NOndx| 762:Dmx4;txt| A-2 era:135-163,concentrating on qin lbx,stt.srv lbx & isolates attention to issues of srf.rfm & lwx.rfm| Brief attention to gnr atmosphere of 60s,& to Ktk & Qqn BUT not Blg Egt Lvr Drj PavP Pnt KstN etc;NO LTF WXM VSH etc| Accepts Kulczycki’s “spiritual atmosphere” analysis of 60s,seeing only replacement of Hglan abstractions by Vogt & Moleschott “vulgar materialism”,equally abstract [138] Intro sets down strict definition| Divides rdx~ frm lbx| Combo cannot be| lbx anti=rvs| L follows Hauriou,“Principles de droit public”(PRS:1916) & Dec.Rights of Man and of Cit| Principle idl of lbx is pzn freedom [pzn.rgt] Principle method is not construction but disassemblement [Abschaffen] Historically lbx predates evolution of classical plc.stt~,centralized gvt~ of 18th.c,but was called into being in mod.times to combat centralized stt| lbx strives to reduce gvt control & tUt~ to minimum (therein is major distinction frm anarchism) lbx recognizes need to humanize nkz -- minimum stt does this| lbx.stt based on “répartition de la souveraineté” [fdr of stt.ndp] Power distributed throughout pbl,creating free pzn~ w/in free stt| plt.freedom is extension of public freedom [cvc.rgt],but fundamental difference:civil freedom can be guaranteed by a centralized stt [235] L pits Granovskii v.Hzn| lbx~ are Qqn,early Kst etc [I suppose even Vlv Zmv plan L-M cst pln| Too bad this tlng appeared just when RUS needed a little authentic, old-fashioned lbx]))
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Leroy-Beaulieu,Anatole| a{}e{}n{}o{pundit jrn.svt media
}f{}g{brt also pundit & svt
}m{
*1881:elx prf École Libre des Sciences Politiques
*1887:elx mmb Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques
*1906:dtr of Ecole after Albert Sorel dth
}r{
*1882:1889; series of rtl in RdDM which fed into editions of L’Empire
*1881:PRS, Hachette|>L’Empire des tsars et les Russes| 3vv| Reprint=*1988, Lausanne, L’Age d’homme (3^rd ed?)| ((DK32.L6| Intended for the gnr pbl [893:rvs bbl| trv krx tUt stt| plt.vlg.o:“La commune est [...],en dehors de l’autocratie,la seule institution indegène,la seule tradition vivante du peuple russe” 2:2| But at end of v1 he savaged ekn.vlg.o))
--|>The Empire of the Tsars and the Russians| 3vv| ((RUS3 USA2.gnr w/brt blw))
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Lockhart,Robert Hamilton Bruce| a{
}r{
*1915:1938; |Diaries v1
*1933|>British Agent
*1967|>Two Revolutions
}s{
}t{}8{}

<>Loris-Melikov,Mikhail Tarielovich| a{
}r{
*1881ja28:mmo to A-2 [Raeff2:133-40] (( prm cst plt.clt| See 25:KrA#8 for A-3 & Loris, plus 1881mr08:SoM mtg in Perets dnv [full & corrected re-prt of 1906:Byloe version]))
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Lunacharskii,Anatolii V| a{
}r{
*1918:1927; on edc in RBV: 285ff
*1923|>Revolutionary Silhouettes
}s{
>FitzPatrick
>O'Connor,Timothy E. The Politics of Soviet Culture: Anatolii Lunacharskii. UMI Research,1983
}t{}8{}

<>Luxemburg,Rosa| a{
}r
*1905:SPB|>Staraia i novaia revoliutsiia|SPB:1905| ((|>LS&N|))
--|>The Mass Strike. LND: Bookmarks,1986. HD5307.L8913
*1906se25(NS):GRM Manheim| speech re.RREV1, RUS tlng=Rech' proiznesennaia na narodnom sobranii v Mangeime 25 sentiabria 1906 g. (SPB:?)| ((8pp| G/PREV:183-6 rvw))
--|>Reform or Revolution| With an appendix (63-75),Eduard Bernstein, “Evolutionary Socialism: Ultimate Aim and Tendency.” N.NY:Pathfinder,1973| ((HX276.B7L813| rfm.rvs))
--|>Lenin and Marxism|| ((see just below))
--|>The Russian Revolution and Leninism or Marxism| A.MI:1961| ((DK265.L882| G/PREV:179-82| pbd here in reverse order of original composition and publication| Mrx Lnn SDb Ntx3))
--|>Gesammelte Werke. 5 volumes. HX273.L8213
--|>Gesammelte Briefe. HX273.L83a4
--|>The Letters of Rosa Luxemburg. Boulder CO: Westview,1978. HX273.L8314
--|>Politische Schriften. 3 volumes. Frankfurt: 1966-1968. HX276.L859
--|>Selected Political Writings.... NYC: Monthly Review,1971. HX273.L8215
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Maiakovskii,Vladimir,various

<>Maklakov,Vasilii A| a{
}r{
*1923de:SEER#??| “The Peasant Question and the Russian Revolution”| ((prm krx RREV3))
*1936:PRS|>Vlast' i obshchestvennost' na zakate staroi Rossii|2 (or more??) volumes| ((GRS:53,187 prm vsp RREV1 stt.dmx lbx))
*1950:RRe1| “The Agrarian Problem in Russia before the Revolution”| ((krx Stp))
--|>The First State Duma: Contemporary Reminiscences| ((prm stt.dmx1 RREV1 vsp plt))
--|>on skz [Moh.RR]
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Manakin,V|
*1917su: mlt shock battalions [Moh.RR]

<>Marx,Karl| a{
}p{
LOOP
}r{
*1853:1856; |>The Eastern Question: A Reprint of Letters Written 1853-1856 Dealing with the Events of the Crimean War
--|>Secret Diplomatic History of the Eighteenth Century and the Story of the Life of Lord Palmerston| ((A translation of |>Die Geschichte der Geheimdiplomatie des 18. Jahrhunderts: Über den asiatischen Ursprung der russischen Despotie.... (See 1977:Berlin edition) ))
*1878fa:Marx's letter to editor of the Russian journal Otechestvennye zapiski| Translated in SLM
*1881| “Briefwechsel zwischen Vera Zasulich und Marx”| Marx-Engels Archiv 1: 309-342| Translated in SLM
*1882ja:Marx and Engels preface to 2nd Russian edition of the Communist Manifesto| Translated in SLM
*1948:ArxME#11, series 2| “Konspekty i vypiski K. Marksa iz russkikh knig”| ((Contents = “Konspekt raboty N. G. Chernyshevskogo 'Pis'ma bez adresa'” (3-17) | “K voprosu ob otmene krepostnogo prava v Rossii” (18-20; also frm Qrn) | Koshelev, Samarin & Dmitriev, Kavelin (“Chem nam byt'?”) | Skaldin |Yanson | Engel'gardt,“Voprosy russkogo sel'skogo khozaistva” | Issue also contains “'Pis'ma bez adresa' N. G. Chernyshevskogo s pometkami Marksa” (172-99). See SLM; see also Kimball resume
*1962:NYC|>Marx vs. Russia| Edited by J. A. Doerig| ((noUO))
--|>The Unknown Karl Marx

<>Marxism-Leninism,Institute of,Moscow|
--|>The General Council of the First International,1864-66 [1866-1868;1868-1870;1870-1871;etc.]
--|>The Hague Congress of the First International, September 2-7,1872|
*1967:MVA|>K. Marks,F. Engel's i revoliutsionnaia Rossiia. Edited by A. K. Vorob'eva
}s{
Wittfogel
On the "Asiatic Mode of Production", G/Kovalevskii
}t{}8{}

<>Marye,G. T| Nearing the End in Emperial Russia. 947.08 M369

<>Matlaw,R. E.,ed. Belinsky,Chernyshevsky and Dobroliubov: Selected Criticism. NYC: 1962 [reprint,Bloomington IN: 1976]. PG3011.M33

<>Mel'gunov,Sergei Ptr*| a{879}b{}c{}d{}e{956}n{vs.SSR gte}o{jrn pbc plt.ddd
}p{
KDs
Narodnye sotsialisty
}r{
*1924|>Red Terror in Russia
*1953|>The Bolshevik Seizure of Power
}s{
[W] [Russian W]
}t{}8{}

<>Miakotin,Venedikt| a{1867}e{1937
}p{A member of the Union of Unions in 1905 Rev., and later National Socialists. Left Russia in 1918
}r{
*1924mr:Slavonic Review#2,6:465-86| “Lenin (1870-1924)”| ((obituary. Lenin “was the incarnation of certain characteristic features of Russian life; a typical outcome of the distorted development of the public life of Russia in the times of tsarism, when the Government drove it into the underground of revolution”. Lenin lived his whole life “remote from the broad life of the people and its complex, mutually interconnected needs, interests and problems”. [IE:Lenin “incarnated” “certain characteristic features”, “the distorted development of the public life of Russia in the times of tsarism”, namely the absence of what has to be described as “a civil society”
}s{
APL
}t{}8{}

<>Miliukov,Pavel Nxi*|>MlkPN| a{}o{prf
}r{
*1903?|>Iz istorii russkoi intelligentsii: Sbornik statei i etiudov| A reprint of the second edition| Gulf Breeze FL:1970??| ((Dk32.7.M48 1970| bbt.rqt 86.02| to Birn,81de17:bbt.rqt| ntg| pbd by Academic International))
*1904:C.IL|>Russia and Its Crisis| ((|>MR&C| DK262.M66| prm RREV1 plt RUS3))
*1915se:Progressive Bloc program [DIR]

*1921:1924; Sofia|>Istoriia vtoroi revoliutsii| Translated by T. and R. Stites,et al. as |>The Russian Revolution|>Mlk.RR| v1 = “The Revolution Divided: Spring,1917”| v2 = “Kornilov or Lenin?--Summer,1917”| v3 = “The Agony of the Provisional Government”| ((3vv| prm RREV2 lbx
STUDENT REVIEW =
The book begins with a good, though brief, introduction to the author, Paul Miliukov, giving the reader an idea of the perspective from which he is writing. This early section contains what I see as one of the most important lines of the book "Miliukov's attempt to maintain the distinction between historian and memoirist does not come off." (page xx) As a reader it is very important to keep in mind that Miliukov's writing has been called "False from beginning to end" (Trotsky). Almost all historians acknowledge that he at least omits details which might prove critical of him or his pro-Romanov, or rather pro-strong government beliefs.

This is the first volume in a three part series dealing with the 1917 revolution and the events which followed. This installment focuses on the events which took place in 1917 with a pair of chapters on the important events leading up to 1917, one covering the 1700's until 1905 and another from 1905 and 1907.

One topic which is covered in depth throughout this book is the Duma. Miliukov being an influential political leader witnessed the inner workings of the Russian legislative body and gives some interesting insights as to the body's operations (the Duma's reaction to the appointment of Protopopov, pgs. 18-20, the failed attempt to dissolve the Duma, pg. 169).

Another topic discussed in some detail is the role of the military in the 1917 revolution [mlt]. Beginning with the uprisings in Tauride Palace mutinies on Feburary 26 ^th(pg. 26) and continuing with the problems of morale amongst the men fighting at the front after the overthrow of the old government. (pgs. 97-108)

There are also many descriptions of the role of the soldiers in the Bolshevik revolution which starts on about page 175 and goes throughout the rest of the book.

One of the main actors of this period that Miliukov mentions at length is I.G. Tsereteli, a onetime Duma deputy from Georgia. He goes so far as to quote one as saying, "As a whole, the history of the Committee in terms of its organization and membership should be divided into two periods: before and after the arrival of Tsereteli " (pg. 52).

Since there are two members in our group who are focusing their researching on the Okhrana I should note that there are only two references to the group in this book, both of which are brief. On Page 24 there is a mention of how the major proponent of a plan to march on the same day as the Duma reopened was in fact an Okhrana agent provocateur. On page 26 there is a mention that one of the first acts of the mutinying soldiers mentioned above was to burn the Okhrana headquarters at Tverskaia Street (pg. 26).
))

*1926:SEER#5:?| “The Influence of English Political Thought in Russia”| ((lbx plt.idl mnt))
*1935:PRS|Sovremennaia zapiski#57:??| “Liberalizm, radikalizm i revoliutsiia: Po povodu kritiki V. A. Maklakova”| ((GRS:54 prm plm w/Maklakov RREV1 lbx rdx plt.trx))
*1942:Ph.PA|>Outlines of Russian Culture| v1= “Religion and the Church in Russia”| v2= “Literature in Russia”| v3= “Architecture, Painting, and Music in Russia”| ((gnr clt chx rlg avc blt xdj rkt mzk RUS2))
*1955:N.NY|>Vospominaniia| Abridged translation EBy Arthur Mendel|>Political Memoirs,1905-1917| ((prm vsp KDs RREV lbx RUS2))
*1974:1975; Gulf Breeze FL|>Outlines of Russian Culture| G/Origins and Ideology & G/Ideologies in Conflict blw
*1974:Gulf Breeze FL, Academic International |>Origins of Ideology| Outlines of Russian Culture, Volume 3,pt. 1| TEby Joseph L. Wieczynski| IBy Joseph T. Fuhrmann,“The Two worlds of Paul MlkP”| Gulf Breeze FL:,1974| ((DK32.M542 pt.1| gnr trx RUS1 re.ToT zpd StO Raskol Krizhanich))
*1975:Gulf Breeze FL. Academic International |>Ideologies in Conflict| Outlines of Russian Culture, Volume 3, pt.2| ((DK32.M54 3v| pbl sSs/ToR clx| ch.2=“Lack of Opposition to the P.1-ine rfm,” 12-20| ch. 7=“Social Opposition”| ch. 11=“Society and the Table of Ranks” 91-96))
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Mohrenschildt,Dmitri,ed| a{}
|>The Russian Revolution of 1917: Contemporary Accounts|N.NY:1971| ((NoUO|>Moh.RR| sbr.prm vsp RREV2|
MklVA on skz bfr RREV|
Bock,MaryStolypin|
Tyrkova-Williams,A [G/Tyrkova-V] on KDs|
Krn RUS on eve of WW1|
Aldanov,M on Durnovo,PN|
Bark,Peter N-1 at GHQ|
MlkP RREV2|
WxvaZ RREV as seen by chd|
PwkS 917:vsp|
Sukhanov rvs bxo|
Tseretelli 917ap:crisis|
Shklovsky,V 917su:at front|
Manakin,V 917su:mlt shock battalions|
Golovin,N 917su:mlt disintegration|
Krn VRM plt|
Zubov,V 917oc:Gatchina vsp|
Vol’skii,vsp Lnn|
Lnn|
Trt|
QerVM 918ja:UqS|
Wrangel,White armies Gwrx|
Stl|
Ivanov-Razumnik reflection on RREV 20 yrs after, on eve of WW2
))

<>Mossolov,A. A| At the Court of the Last Tsar (1900-1916). London: 1935

<>Nabokov,Vladimir Dmt*| a{869}b{}c{}d{}e{922}n{}o{
}r{
--|>Provisional Government, 1917 [being a translation of “Vremennoe pravitel'stvo” in 1922:BRL|ARR,1:9-96]
--|>V. D. Nabokov and the Russian Provisional Government,1917
}s{
}t{}8{}

<>Nevison,Henry Woodd| a{
}r{
*1906:|>Dawn in Russia: Or scenes in the Russian Revolution|Second edition [1906]|Reprint series:Russia Observed| N.NY:Arno P,1971| ((DK263.N45| prm vsp trv lxt flm mxp RREV1|jrnist for Daily Chronicle))
--|In Page.RR
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Nicholas II, Emperor of Russia, and Alexandra, Empress| a{}b{}c{}d{}e{}n{}o{
}m{
--|>The Fall of the Romanovs: Political Dreams and Personal Struggles in a time of Revolution
}r{
--|>Secret letters of the last tsar : being the confidential correspondence between Nicholas II, and his mother, Dowager Empress Maria Feodorovna
--|>Letters of the Tsar to the Tsaritsa,1914-1917| ((SUMMIT))
--|>Letters of the Tsaritsa to the Tsar, 1914-1916
--|>Complete wartime correspondence of Tsar Nicholas II and the Empress Alexandra : April 1914-March 1917
--|>Last diary of Tsaritsa Alexandra
--|>A lifelong passion : Nicholas and Alexandra : their own story| (())
--|*1905: Memo on the State Duma [Raeff2]
--| Some letters [Page.RR | WRH]
}s{
--|>Bazili,Nikolai Aleksandrovich, two memoirs
*1905:Ermolov disc. w/ N-2 re. Gapon in Page
Treadgold in Adams.IR
G/Verner
}t{
}8{}

<>Nol'de,Boris Emmanuilovich| a{}b{}c{}d{}e{}n{}o{
}r{
--|>Russia in the Economic War| ((WW1 MIC ekn| G/Shotwell,J))
}2{}t{}8{}

<>Novikov,Nikolai|
Editorial in 1st issue of his Masonic journal\Utrennii svet\[Morning Light] and an essay on education [Raeff3:62-86]
More = [BL&T:59, 117f]

<>Nol'de,E. Yu|
|>re.cst in RUS; hst basis for different path, etc GO GRS:115-16
|>GO SoM

<>October Storm and After: Stories and Reminiscences| ((sbr.prm vsp RREV3))

<>Okhrana| Russian Imperial Department of Police| a{}b{}n{}o{tUt plc
}s{
The Okhrana--the Russian Department of Police; a bibliography, edited by Edward Ellis Smith
G/Fischer,Ben
*1930:Philadelphia|>Vasil'ev,Aleksei T. [Vassilyev here]. The Okhrana: The Russian Secret Police. Edited,with an introduction,by Rene Fülöp-Miller
*1932:MVA|>Men'shchikov,A. P|>Okhrana i revoliutsiia| ((GRS:52,117 plt.plc RREV1))
}t{}8{}

<>Owen,Lancelot A| a{}
|>The Russian Peasant Movement, 1906-1917|L.ENG:1937| ((NoUO| krx RREV2))
|>in Adams.RR:

<>Page,Thomas, ed| a{}
|>Russia in Revolution: Selected Readings in Russian Domestic History since 1855|N.NY:1965| ((>Page.RR| NoUO; OWN sbr.prm|
*1861:krx.rfm in NVG gbx|
*1880:corporal punishment in mlt|
*1881:dlo.Bgq ppl trr|
*1898: Isaev on vqt,ekn,krx|
*1902:plc rpt on prp among krx QER gbx|
*1904:Ganz's observations trv|
*1905:Ermolov disc. w/ N-2 re. Gapon|
*1905:plc rpt re.krx in TVR gbx|
*1905no:plc rpt on Wtt & krx.rbx; other plc rpt,KZN|
*1905:mlt.nvy & RREV1|
Nevison on RREV1|
Khrustalev-Nosar on soviet|
*1910:gzt rpt on rxn,Black Hundres|
Pollock trv account|
Lobanov-Rostovsky vsp|
Chernova,Olga vsp of krx.rbx|
Kossak-Szucka,Sophia vsp|
Farson vsp on mfg|
SDb jrn on prl|
Trt on Red Army mlt in Gwrx|
Gordon,A Gwrx|
Mrs. Stan Hardin in SSr jld|
re.Reed 921:prl.rbx,prc|
Bechhofer,C trv Gwrx,krx hunger|
Strong,Anna vsp,Gwrx|
Duranty,I Write As I please etc|
Reswick,I Dreamt Rev|
White,W These Russians|
Kravchenko,Choose Fr|
Burg,D HRM,dissent
))

<>Paléologue,G. Maurice| An Ambassador's Memoirs,1914-1917. Translated by F. A. Holt. 3 vols. London: 1923-1925. DK265.P255

<>Panin,Nikita|
*1762de28:memo, etc. [Raeff2:54-68]

<>Pares,Bernard| a{
}r{
*1907:LND-N.NY|>Russia and Reform| Reprinted as Russia Between Reform and Revolution| ((|>PR&R| trv RREV1 Dmx noWbr))
*1915:LND|>Day by Day in the Russian Army,1914-1915| ((940.918 P216| mlt))
*1939:LND|>The Fall of the Russian Monarchy: A Study of the Evidence| (( RREV2 stt
STUDENT REVIEW =
Just before the end of WWI, Nicholas II abdicated his throne due to problems that arose during his rule, which was ordered by the government itself. The problems were not few and it resulted in lies and secrets from the government. Bernard Pares writes about the problems in “The Fall of the Russian Monarchy”. He gives a basic background of these troubles. One, which happened as part of Sturmer’s Mystery Cabinet, was “to assign five million rubles from the military fund to the Premier for the purposes which were to be disclosed” (318).

At the end of the Russian/Japanese war, there was a question of who was going to be the Emperor. This issue would show that the government had problems because there was no general election for the public to elect a new leader. Pares writes how Sergei Witte wanted to be Emperor and told Nicholas that he would kill himself if he were not leader. The Russian/Japanese war in itself had problems as Pares explains because Nicholas did not calculate the costs of waging a war.

Another government plot was what to do with Poland, which was in the hands of the Romanov Empire. The government devised a plan, which basically stated that the government of Russia was to be the ruling government. Nicholas personally signed off on this. Nicholas had always wanted government affairs to be kept from the public and Pares writes from letters written by Nicholas that Nicholas was not happy with the publicity of Witte by saying, “I do not quite like his way of getting into touch with various extremists, especially as all these talks appear in the press the next day” (90).

These readings help to define Russian Political Culture because they are giving insight into the realities of this time period. The government was corrupt and the leaders knew this was going on. It also shows how the people were willing to uprise against the government as shown during the 1905 revolution and how a complete government can be overthrown if a leader is not liked as in the February Revolution. Pares writes how Nicholas was not really ruling when he was away which created arguments within parliament with no central person acting in charge. This was after Russia went into World War I even though the public opinion was very low. Even among his wife, Alexandra, the opinion of Nicholas was low. Pares writes that Nicholas and Alexandra were separated due to their different sides and opinions.

The insights presented by Pares are that the Fall of the Regime was inevitable based on the actions or lack thereof on the part of the government in Russia. There was no government order taking place and the extreme secrecy within the government and encouraged by Nicholas II was no secret from the public. Certain events such as the absence of Nicholas from government affairs and decisions led to his forced abdication and betrayal from people who he saw as the most trusted such as his wife Alexandra. Pares uses personal accounts through quotes from people living through these events to add to his opinion. Pares writes how Nicholas believed he was the “sole protector” but in reality people did not trust him.

Pares believes the most important time during the fall of the Romanov Empire was the three months right before the forced abdication of Nicholas. The abdication was inevitable because the leaders within the government had hit their breaking point in dealing with Nicholas. Pares believes there were three tasks that Nicholas failed to do which were to “restore the administration of the country, give it a new shape as would represent the colossal change which had taken place, and to keep Russia in the war” (477) Nicholas could not fulfill these especially since he had deserted the government and country to fight in World War I himself. Therefore, the collapse of the old regime was going to happen with or without Nicholas in power but Russia was not prepared to have someone else take over when they forced Nicholas to leave.

STUDENT REVIEW =
This book covers the years of the reign of Nicholas II of Russia. It gives a brief background of the years and events before his reign. His father is described as a firm autocrat with a powerful personality, coupled with a strong will. When Nicholas’s father came to power, he regulated the various reforms that had been put in place by the previous administration. These regulations so limited the reforms as to render them, in all practical sense null and void.

The author, Bernard Pares, takes great care throughout the book to show that the prospect of revolution was always regarded by the monarchy as a continuous threat. The Revolution did not spring up out of nowhere, newly born as a fresh idea in the peoples’ mind. It was always there, just simmering underneath the surface, with the lid of an archaic class organization holding any liberal tendencies firmly in check. The class structure was based on an economy and infrastructure that had not truly entered into the 20^th century. Russia was used to just ‘muddling through,’ a phrase or a similar variation of it that is found throughout the book, but that speaks volumes about the way things were handled.

Nicholas II is faced with disruption and a possible major crises, which he averts by creating the Duma. The Duma is an organization that is supposed to be elected by the people to represent them as a governmental body, although the Emperor still has the last and final say. Disagreements arise and eventually the Duma is disbanded, and the members are prevented from running in future elections by Nicholas. The voting franchise is henceforth limited so that the Duma no longer is a true representative of the population, but it continues to question Nicholas and provide him with headaches and opposition. Nicholas runs his government in a seemingly haphazard fashion, nominating rivals, reactionaries, liberals, and personal enemies to different posts in government. This makes it so that petty squabbles for power, cutthroat and dirty politics become the way the government was run. The good and honest governmental officers were the exception, not the rule, and Nicholas was severely lacking in judging the character of men. This is extremely unfortunate, since the road to power and appointments was through him, and it was not based upon a merit system but simply through currying his personal favor. Rasputin is a perfect example of this, and the author goes into much detail in how Rasputin effectively helped ruin Russia and its administration. He especially goes into detail on the relationship between Rasputin and the Empress. The author gives the impression that he feels that the Emperor was controlled by his wife in certain respects, to the detriment of the country. Eventually the situation completely crumbles around the monarch, hastened by Nicholas’ decision to take command of the army, and the many bad appointments that he made. The men he picked did not do their jobs, and the population started to have a defeatist attitude. The main issue was that of food. It was not necessarily the lack of food supplies, but rather the lack of infrastructure and organization that was necessary to transfer the food were it was needed. The people eventually rioted, military regiments mutinied, and chaos was moving forward. The revolution had began. Nicholas II, faced with all this, abdicated the throne. He had truly believed God had appointed him to be the autocrat of Russia, so this was the most drastic move he could make. The idea of giving up the throne would never have occurred to him when he first took power. The world had changed, but Russia had failed to change along with it.
))
*1931:LND|>My Russian Memoirs| ((SUMMIT))
*1948:LND|>Wandering Student|
}s{
}t{
}8{}

<>Pasternak,Boris L| Doctor Zhivago
--|Memoirs

<>Pavlov,Platon V|>PavPV| a{}o{prf
}r{
*1850:SPB|Brilliant defense of PhD bfr GrnTN Slv etc| Ob istoricheskom znachenii tsarstvovaniia Borisa Godunova|
*1858ja:EkU#1:19-21; #2:36-9| “Pis’ma iz-za granitsy: Mysl’ o vseobshchem muzee”| ((E.Pav:249| rsp vst edc, creation in lcl grd~ “populyarnyi, obwwenarodnyi universitet” on foundation of encyclopedic vst~, lct, blt.vqr, rdg, etc, “obwwee obrazovanie”| NB! cld be developed on bzn basis, as stk.cmp [E.Pav:232] More in 58ap:OtZ#4))
*1858ap:OtZ#4
*1859ja:mr; OtZ#1 & #3| “?”| ((E.Pav:226 sd cnp wld not allow full pbc of these idl= vqe & oxo are “korennye stixiia russkogo grajdanskogo obwwestva” cvc.pbl| they did provide “nekotorye garantii kak protiv qrezmernogo usileniya centralizacii [stt], tak i protiv rezkogo vozvyweniya odnogo svobodnoe sosloviya [sSs] na sqet drugogo| RUS capable of sustaining its traditional plt.clt “obwwenarodnost’ i sovewwatel’nost’” [ntn dmk] Had sense of conflict in this non-idealized tUt structure. There have been not onloy boyars, slujilye lyudi, dxv, but also oxo “ne byli soverwenno bezglasny kak v politiqeskom, tak i obwwestvennom otnoweniyax”. Conclusion = “Rus’ XI, XII i XIII stoletii byla nevejestvenna, sueverna, opozorena yazvoyu xolopstva, no vmeste s tem obladala samostoyatel’nost’yu oblastnoyu, slujiloyu, cerkovnoyu, obwwinnoyu. Pri drugix obstoyatel’stvax ona mogla by vyrabotat’ iz sebya i drugie formy jizni, vyswie gosudarstvennye i obwwestvennye uqrejdeniya”))
*1860ja:fe; OtZ#1-2|“O zemskikh soborakh XVI i XVII stoletii”| ((SLF idl different, no idealization of zmisbo))
*1862:SPB|Mesiatseslova na 1862 god| Appendix: “Tysiacheletie Rossii”| Reprinted in YMI:52-54| The version presented in his lecture, SNC,2:351-4 and LOD:7-13| ((prm 1000y.lct zms~ This pbc a kind of kln))
*1863:SPB|“Tysiach.”|re-pbd under separate covers| ((A vast plan to study R hst frm point of view of “samopoznanie nrda” w/big role fr clt))
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Pethybridge,Roger. The Spread of the Russian Revolution: Essays on 1917. London: 1972

<>Pethybridge,Roger, ed|
|>Witnesses to the Russian Revolution| ((trv RREV1 RREV2 RREV3))

<>Petrunkevich,Ivan I| a{
}r{
*1934:ARR#21:??| “Iz zapisok obshchestvennogo deiatelia”| ((GRS:55 prm vsp RREV1 NB! tlng|lbx))
*:|>Memoirs of a Social Activist| :| ((noUO GO SUMMIT|98je:noUO|Birn,81de17:bbt.rqt| prm vsp Zmv lbx KDs lbx plt.clt|NB! UO RXV re.ssn))
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Piatnitskii,O. A| Memoirs of a Bolshevik| ((SDs(b) vsp))

<>Plekhanov,Georgii V|>PlxGV| a{
}q{
LOOP
}r{
*1884:GNV| “Our Differences” [Nashi raznoglasiia]| With “Letter to P. L. Lavrov (In lieu of preface)”| In Selected Philosophical Works 1:122-400| (( |>NaR| prm Plx LvrPL))
*1910:SPB|>N. G. Chernyshevskii| ((OWN ndr idl.bxo Qrn))
*1929:L.ENG|>Fundamental Problems of Marxism| EBy D. Riazanov| ((HX314.P54513| prm Mrx))
*1961:1981; MVA & L.ENG|>Selected Philosophical Works| 5vv| ((HX314.P556| bbt.rqt 86.02| prm Mrx SDs idl ntg))
--|Oriental Despot AMP [Raeff,Peter the Great]
}s{
Baron
}t{}8{}

<>Pobedonostsev,Konstantin P| a{}
|>Reflections of a Russian Statesman| Translated from the Russian by R. C. Long| L.ENG:1898| (([SAC] prm ntg idl stt.srv|on false dmk [RRC,2]))

<>Postgate,Raymond| a{}{}n{}o{jrn scx pop.hst
}r{
*1920:|>Bolshevik theory| ((SDs(b) trx Mrx mrx MRX))
*1920:LND|>Revolution from 1789 to 1906: Documents Selected and Edited with Notes...| ((sbr.prm))
--|KNIGHT
}s{
Wiki
}t{}8{}

<>Pushkarev,S| *1917: memoirs [Moh.RR] | ((prm vsp))

<>Ransome,Arthur| Autobiography of Arthur Ransome. Edited by Rupert Hart-Davis. LND: 1976| ((PR6035.A63 Z513))
--|Russia in 1919. NYC: 1919. 914.7 R 174

Radishchev,Aleksandr| a(}e{802 )r{
*1791:Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow| (Cambridge:1958) [HN525.R313. Cf.:RRC2,2#22 and DIR2:112-124]

<>Reed,John| a{}n{}o{
}r{
--|Ten Days That Shook the World NYC: 1919. DK265.R38 1935
--|Red Russia: The Triumph of the Bolsheviki. LND: Workers' Socialist Federation,1919
--|The War in Eastern Europe
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Robins,Raymond| Raymond Robins' Own Story. Edited by William Hard. NYC: 1920| ((947.084 R558 H))

<>Rodichev,Fedor| a{
}r{
*?:Slavonic Review#2:249-62| “The Liberal Movement in Russia (1891-1905)”| ((lbx RREV1))
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Rodzianko, | a{}b{}n{}o{
}r{
Reign of Rasputin
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Rosenthal,Bernice Glatzer and Martha Bohachevsky-Chomiak, eds| a{}
*1990:N.NY, Fordham|>Revolution of the Spirit| 2nd ed| ((|>RB-C| sbr.prm phl idl ntg REV.clt RUS3|
Slv
Grot
Diaghilev
Rozanov
Brd
Bulgakov
Ivanov
Chulkov
Merezhkovskii
Florovsky,GV
Novgorodtsev
Struve
Belyi
Blok
Toi?
))

<>Russia|Council of Ministers|>Sovet ministrov|>SoM| n{prm stt tUt RREV1}
|>Petergofskie soveshchaniia o proekte Gosudarstvennoi dumy [1905jy19:29;]|PGR:1917| ((GRS:168f,188))
| “Soveshchanie pri Sovete ministrov,24 maia 1905 g”|In Monopolii i ekonomicheskaia politicka tsarizma v kontse XIX-nachale XX v (LGR:1987):127-42| ((GRS:186))
| “Zasedaniia Sovieta ministrov Rossii 3 i 11 fevralia 1905 g.:Zapisi E. Yu. Nol'de”| EBy R. Sh. Ganelin| Arkheograficheskii ezhegodnik za 1989 g (MVA:1950):296-305| ((GRS:115))

<>Russia|State Council|>Gosudarstvennyi sovet|>GoS|

<>Russia|State Duma|>stt.dmx|>Gosudarstvennaia duma| a{}b{}e{}

<>Scheibert,Peter| a{}
*1972:Darmstadt|>Die russischen politischen Parteien von 1905 bis 1917: Ein Dokumentationsband| ((plt.pty~ RREV1 RREV2 RREV3))

<>Schierbrand,Wolf von| a{851}e{920
*1904:NYC|>Russia, Her Strength and Her Weakness| ((OWN| trv RREV1 ekn))

<>Scudder, J. W. Russia in the Summer of 1914. Boston:ca. 1920. DK262.S35| prm

<>Sechenov,Ivan M. Selected Physiological and Psychological Works. MVA

<>Semevskii,Vasilii Ivn*|>SmvVI| a{848
}r{
*1881:1901; SPB|>Krest’iane v tsarstvovanie imp. Ekateriny II| 2vv| ((krx C-2 ppl.hst.gph))
*1888:SPB|>Krest’ianskii vopros v Rossii v XVII i pervoi poloviny XIX v| ((SPB.unv PhD diss))
*1898:SPB|>Rabochie v sibirskikh zolotykh promyslakh|2vv ((1 of first hst of RUS prl; so S originated krx.scl of RUS.hst & prl.scl))
*1909:SPB|>Politicheskie i obshchestvennye idei dekabristov| ((DKB mnt plt.clt| ?Is S now pulling krx, prl & ntg together? hst of cvc.pbl))
*1911:PkrVI,edt:7-18| “Idei, ob”ediniavshiia uchastnikov kruzhka Petrashevskogo i drugikh”| ((OWN in PET 8x11 under Bykov,PV| PkrV axx gte Plw))
*1919:GoM#1-4:??| “Petrashevtsy: Kruzhok Kashkina”| ((PET EvpAI RS0 krj))
*1922:MVA|>M.V. Butashevich-Petrashevskii i petrashevtsy| ((PET| UO HAS))
bxo WtnVI?
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Serge,Victor [pseudonym of V. L. Kibalchich]
--|>Memoirs of a Revolutionary,1901-1941. Oxford England: OUP,1963
--|>The Case of Comrade Tulayev| ((prm))

<>Service,Robert| a{
}r{
|>Russian Revolution,1900-1927|L.ENG:1986| ((UO:DK262.S455| prm RREV Gwrx NEP irx ENG))
|>The Bolshevik Party in Revolution: A Study in Organisational Change,1917-1923. LND: 1979
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Shakhovskaia,Zinaida,memoirs of childhood [Moh.RR] | ((prm vsp chd))

<>Shanin,Teodor, with Haruki Wada, Derek Sayer, Philip Corrigan, and Jonathan Sanders| a{}
*1983:L.ENG|>Late Marx and the Russian Road: Marx and ‘the Peripheries of Capitalism:’ A Case| ((|>SLM| HX39.5.L363| prm krx
SHANIN AND WADA ARTICLES (SLM:1-77)
SECTION ON MARX and RUSSIA, AND CHERNYSHEVSKII’S TWO ESSAYS (SLM:95-204)
*Marx,Confessions
*1859:Chernyshevskii critique of those who harbor “prejudices” against the Peasant commune [Q.PSS#05:357-92]
*1862fe05:fe16; Chernyshevskii, Unaddressed Letters (5) [Q.PSS#10:90-116] [MER 44 246 256 272 277]
*1878fa:Marx's letter to editor of the Russian journal Otechestvennye zapiski [date suggested by Wada,56; 1877no:Traditional date]
*1879fa:NaV Executive Committee Program (SLM:207-212) [RN7,2:170-4]
*1879oc01: The People and the State (SLM:219-23)
*1880sp:NaV tactical Program (SLM:223-31) [RN7,2:175-183]
*1880no:NaV Workers’ Organization Program (SLM:231-7) [RN7,2:184-91]
*1880oc25:Revolutionary populist journal Narodnaia Volia [NaV] Executive Committee letter to Marx (SLM:206-7) [RN7,2:228-9]
*1881fe05:Kibalchich, article on political revolution and the economic question (SLM:212-8)
*1881fe:Zasulich's letter to Marx (draft)
*1881fe:mr; Marx's reply to Zasulich letter (draft)
*1881mr:Marx's final text of letter to Zasulich
*1881fa:1882wi; NaV Military-revolutionary organization Program (SLM:238) [RN7,2:196-200 | mlt]
*1882ja:Marx and Engels preface to 2nd Russian edition of the Communist Manifesto [MER:88-9]
*1882fe16:Last will and testaments of revolutionary populists A.Mikhailov and A.Barannikov (SLM:239-40)
*1924:Riazanov,David discovered the drafts of the 1881wi:Marx/Zasulich correspondence
))

<>Shchapov,Afanasii P|>WwaAP| a{
}r{
*1858:KZN|Russkii raskol staroobriadchestva,razsmatrivaemyi v sviazi s vnutrennym sostoianiem russkoi tserkvi i grazhdanstvennosti v XVII veke i v pervoi polovine XVIII: Opyt istoricheskogo issledovaniia o prichinakh proiskhozhdeniia i rasprostraneniia russkogo raskola| *1906:Soq#1:173-450; and KZN:1959 reprintings| ((BX601.s5| StO|cvc.virtu Dbr & AnvM plm,Svm))
*1859:KZN|Golos drevnei russkoi tserkvi ob uluchshenii byta nesvobodnykh liudei|*1906:Soq#1:1-15 reprint| ((srf.rfm srf vqt chx rlg|based on 858no08:lct;also earlier 857no08:lct “Religiia i russkaia narodnost’” [text lost po-edt note, Soq:15]))
*1860:MVA|Narodnye russkie legendy|Second ed|Published by Shchepkin and Soldatenkov| ((nrd.blt spx, cf.Dobrovol’skii,Zapreshen:50-5 SldKT pbc))
*1860:1861; OtZ| “Zemstvo i raskol”| *1906:Soq#1:451-504 reprint| ((Zmv StO|Wlg plm G/26:KrA#14:128-47 [Nqka.Wwa]))
*1861my:WwaA ltr-A-2| “Pis’mo ... Shchapova Alek. II v 1861 g.”|Published 1926:KrA#19:150-65| ((See VR-D:177| Nqka.Wwa:646 sd [plt.clt] Wwa,like Hzn, suffered “liberal’nye kolebaniya”; for Hzn it was dvr ogrqaniqennost’; for Wwa, krx ograniqennost’| Verya v carya [odd assertion in view of Wwa ref. to TSR blw] i v iduwwie sverxu rfmy on prosit carya sozdat’ Rossiiskuyu federaciyu samoupravlyayuwwixsya obastei [fdr slf.gvt rgn~] s “narodnym kontrolei nad provincial’nym gubernskim upravleniem” [C&B], s “vosstanovleniem” vsesoslovnyx [vse.sSs] “zemskix sovetov” [zmi.SOV~] i central’nogo zemkogo sobora [ZmS], ograniqivayuwwego carskuyu vlast’ [TSR] Prosit uniqtojit’ “nepomernuyu ekonomiqeskuyu centralizaciyu” [ekn.sttism] i osuwwestvit’ “vsenarodnoe prosvewwenie” [vse.nrd edc] [646] re.edc:has been exclusive, cannot remain “kastal’nuyu monopoliyu [clx.mpy] gorodskix korporacii [crp] samyx maloqislennyx privilegirovannyx sSsovnyx kast”|Must be VsR & vse.sSs))
*1861wi:KZN.unv|lct-krj “O cst” [*1924:Izvestiia Obshchestva arkheologii, istorii, etnografii pri Gosudarstvennom Kazanskom universitete#33,2/3:38-58 (KZN.rxl)]
*1861ap:KZN| “Rech’ posle panikhidy po ubitym v s. Bezdne krest’ianam”| *1923:KrA#4:407-10| ((pnxB srf.rfm krx.rbx| Field,Rebels:96-102 tlng 3 versions of Wwa lct))
*1861oc:OtZ#10:579-616 & 11:79-118|“Velikorusskie oblasti i smutnoe vremia”| *1906:Soq#1:648-709 reprint| ((ToT gbx))
*1861oc08: as copied 1862ja07: “Pis’mo Shchapova k Kn. [P. P.] Viazemskomu”| NVD:368-77 w/Nqka comments, originally *1959:LiN#67:657-68| ((See Nqka.Wwa:645-56| VzmPP| re. 861au:RVe|Vzm poem “Zametka”,an attack on civil libertarianism in name of spiritual liberty, it would seem [?~~ 1909:Vekhi idl~?] Lozung “sozyva Vsenarodnogo ZmS imeyuwwii funkcii Uqreditel’nogo sobraniya| ltr not sent to V, but to Hzn who cldn’t pbc in ltr form| Wwa then decided to put main idl in rtl prj “O russkom dvorianstve” [dvr] which was never pbc & has not survived [Nqka.Wwa] TXT (as from LiN; get NVD pages) = Ya demokrat, drug federal’noi soyuznoi obwwinno-demokratiqeskoi konstitucii russkoi, vo imya demokrata Xrista i demokrata-mujiqka Antona Petrova, za krov’, za svobodu mujiqkov i vsego naroda, derznul skazt’ v sobranii molodogo pokoleniya: “Da zdravstuet, da budet obwwino-demokratiqeskaya konstituciya!” [LiN:657]|| A popular assemblyh nakanune kotorogo miy jivem i o kotorom pomywlyal pervyi krest’yanin – Pososhkov [LiN:657] A hybrid of sel’sk.mir [vlg.mir], vls.sxd, grd.sxd [grd.dmx], vsegrdie dumy, Veqe [Vqe], oblast.sovet [rgn.SOV], obww. fed. soyuzn. sovete [fdr], sxode, ili s”ezde|| Mistakes ofr P-1 = on napered s”ezdil v Zapadnuyu Evropu, za granicu, a ne ob”exal napered Rossiyu, da i ottogo, qto ewwe pri otce vladeli vospitaniem carskix detei nemcy – istoriqeskie vragi slavyan||Ya gotov umeret’ za etu muqawwuyu menya mysl’ ob obwwinnom narodosovetii, o zemskom – oblastnom i soyuznom narodosovetii| Ya gopvoryu i budu govorit’ do smerti ili do katgorgi odno: konstituciya russkaya ne mojet byt’ soqineniya ne novym Speranskim [SpxM] – geniem byurokratiqeskim, ne novym Mura’evym ili Pestelem [DKB] – nespelym, odnostoronnim geniem 14-go dekabrya, ne odnim Iskanderom [Hzn], -- nikem. Ona doljna byt’ sozdana, organizovana samim narodom, izlyublennymi vybornymi umom narodnym, kogo – skaju starinum narodnym slovom – kogo mej sebya izlyublyat i vyberut. [LiN:651] Wwa sd he wldn’t gtz Hzn but to the graves of Rdw & Ryleev))
*1862:Iskra|“Iz bursatskogo byta”| ((chx dxv vqt))
*1862fe18:Vek#1/6|“Sel’skaia obshchina”|*1906:Soq#1:760-7 reprint| ((vlg.o))
*1862mr11:Vek#7/8:| “Zemstvo”|*1906:Soq#1:753-9 reprint| ((Zmv lnd ntn hst.gph dmk))
*1862mr:Vek#11| “Zemskie sobory v XVII stoletii: Sbor 1642 goda”| *1906:Soq#1:710-17 reprint| ((elx zms~))
*1862mr:Vek#12| “Gorodskie mirskie skhody”| *1906:Soq#1:783f reprint| ((grd.sxd))
*1862ap01:Vek#13/14|“Sel’skii mir i mirskoi skhod”| *1906:Soq#1:768-82 reprint| ((vlg.sxd vlg.m))
*1862oc:Vremia#10:319-63 & 11:251-97| “Zemstvo i raskol”| *1906:Soq#1:505-579 reprint| ((StO|#1 “Beguny”?))
*1862:SPB|Zemstvo i raskol| ((StO Zmv 862oc10:cnp rzr 16p brochure))
*1862no:OtZ#11:1-43|“Zemskie sobory 1648-1649 i sobranie deputatov...”| *1906:Soq#1:718-52 reprint| ((elx dep.rpz ZmS))
*1870mr:de; OtZ#3 #4 & #12|“Estestvenno-psikhologicheskie usloviia umstvennogo i sotsial’nogo razvitiia russkogo naroda”| ((PSU| prm psx mnt pbl nrd| ?Relation of this title w/ “Istoricheskie usloviia intellectual’nogo razvitiia v Rossii”|*1906:Soq#2:??| ntg edc clt.hst))
|>Sochineniia|3 volumes|Biography by G. A. Luchinskii,3: I-CIX|SPB:1906-1908| ((Hkd:281.947 Shch29))
|>Neizdannye sochineniia|KZN:1927| ((prm SldKT pbc))
|>Sochineniia|Supplement to 1906-1908 ed|IRK:1937|
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Shchepkin,Nikolai Mxl*|>WwpNM| a{
}r{
*1905:RnD|Zemskaia i gorodskaia Rossiia o narodnom predstavitel’stve| ((IISG 60p rpz cst plt.clt grd krx vlg))
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Shcherbatov,Mikhail|
*1787:"Petition..." and "Pace of Russia's Modernization" [Raeff3:49-60]
--| "On the Corruption of Morals in Russia [English-Russian text = HN525.S513 1969]

<>Shein,Louis J., ed| a{}
*1977:ONT Waterloo|>Readings in Russian Philosophical Thought: Philosophy of History| ((|>WPT| D16.8.R34| sbr.prm hst.gph idl RUS2 plt.clt|
Lvr
Kareev
Bitsilli[NOdtf]
Florovsky,GV
MxiNK
DnlNYa
BrdN
QrnN
Ern[?]
Rst[?]
Plx
Kon,IS
Gulyga,AV[NOdtf]
Mishin,VI[NOdtf]
))

<>Shipov,Dmitrii N|
*1918:MVA|>Vospomananiia i dumy o perezhitom| ((GRS:53,121 prm vsp RREV1))

<>Shklovsky,Viktor| A Sentimental Journey: Memoirs,1917-1922| Translated from the Russian and edited by Richard Sheldon. Introduced by Sidney Monas

<>Sholokhov,Mikhail A|
--|And Quiet Flows the Don
--|Man's Fate

<>Shotwell, J. T., ed|
*1928-1931:New Haven:YUP for the Carnegie endowment for international peace. Division of economics and history|>The Economic and Social History of the World War: Russian Series| ((sbr.ndr OR sbr.prm series WW1 ekn.hst skz mfg|
--|Here are some of the titles in the series and here is a list of the authors =
|>Antsiferov,Aleksei (1867-1943) on Russian agriculture
|>Bilimovich,Aleksandr (1876) on R agriculture
|>Batshev,Mikhail on R agriculture
|>Ivantsov,Dmitrii on R agriculture
|>Struve,Petr on food supply| Other pbc (with Miliukov et al.)= 1917:Russian Realities and Problems (ENG lectures)
|>Polner,Tikhon Ivn (1864-1935) lcl gvt, Union of Zemstvos| Other pbc~ re. TolL
|>Obolenskii,Vladimir (1869-) Other pbc= Moia zhizn'
|>Turin,Sergei Ptr on lcl gvt, Union of Zemstvos| Other pbc= survey hst of prl.unx
|>L'vov,Georgii Evg (1861-1925) Other pbc= vsp]
And yet another clutch of titles written by
|>Kohn,Stanislas (1888-1933) on cost of war to Russia
|>Meiendorf,Aleksandr Feliks (Meyendorff,Alexander) (1869-1964) ditto| Other pbc= 1929:Background to the Russian Rev
|>Nol'de,Boris (1876-1948) on R in the ekn wrx
|>Zagorskii,Semen (1881-1930) on state control of industry
|>Gronskii,Pavel (1883) on central gvt
|>Astrov,Nikolai (-1934) on All-Russian union of towns
Then there is this =
|>Russian Public Finance During the War, with sections by
|>Kokovtsov,V intro
|>Bernatskii,Mxl Vxr (1876-) on R pbl finances, monitary policy
|>Mikel'son,Axr Mxl on R pbl finances, expenditures
|>Apostol',Pvl Natanovich (1872-) on R pbl finances, credit
And these scattered here and there in JANUS =
Antsiferov (abv) on Coop movement during war
))

<>Sochor,Zenovia A| a{}
|>Revolution and Culture: The Bogdanov-Lenin Controversy|I.NY:CUP,1988| ((PG3467.M29 Z88| Bgd Lnn phl trx rvs.clt idl SDs(b)))

<>Soiuz Osvobozhdeniia|>Union of Liberation|
*1905:PRS|>Osnovnoi zakon Rossiiskoi imperii: Proekt russkoi konstitutsii, vyrabotannyi gruppoi chlenov 'Soiuza osvobozhdeniia'| ((GRS:54 prm cst SoO))

<>Solov'ev,Vladimir|
--|>A Solovyov Anthology. EBy S. C. Frank. TBy Natalie Waddington. LND: 1950.
--|>Russia and the Universal Church. TBy Herbert Rees. LND: 1948
--|>War,Progress,and the End of History. CLND: 1915
--| “Beauty,Sexuality,and Love”. In SUQ: 73-134
--| “The Enemy from the East”. In RB-C
--| “The Russian National Ideal”. In RB-C
--|GO Birkbeck for 844: 54;crr [in FRN] w/Wm Palmer

<>Solzhenitsyn,Alexander I| a{
}r{
--|The Gulag Archipelago 1918-1956: An Experiment in Literary Investigation. 3 volumes. NYC: 1974-76. HV9713.S6413
--|August 1914
G/Leontovich
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Sotsial-demokraticheskaia Rabochaia Partiia,Rossiiskaia|>SDs|>SDs(b)|>SDs(m)|>Social Democratic Workers Party| a{}n{}o{plt.pty~
*1912:|>Vserossiiskii konferentsiia... 1912 goda|

<>SDs(b)|>Rossiiskaia sotsial-demokraticheskaia rabochaia partiia (bol’sheviki)| a{}

<>SDs(m)|>Rossiiskaia sotsial-demokraticheskaia rabochaia partiia (men’sheviki)| a{}
|>The Mensheviks in the Russian Revolution| ((RREV2 RREV3))

<>Soviet Union,Communist Party of| Kommunisticheskaia partiia Sovetskogo Soiuza|>KPS| a{}o{prm RUS3 plt.clt
}r{
--|UPNE = NH Hanover: Published for the University of Vermont by University Press of New England
*1930:|>Istoriia VKP(b)|2 special issues: 1) pererastanie of brz-dmk REV into scx REV; & 2) Lnnist prg for STL.skz|EBy E. M. Yaroslavskii| ((prm SDb hst.gph))
*1938:MVA| 1960:MVA|>History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union| EBy Boris Ponomarev, et al| ((>HCP|))
*1959:Notre Dame|>The Russian Revolution and Religion: A Collection of Documents Concerning Suppression of Religion by the Communists,1917-1925| EBy B. Szczesniak| ((prm RREV Gwrx rlg stt&chx))
*1960:MVA|>History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union| A post-Stalin edition, EBy Ponomarev,Boris N.,et al| G/1938 abv|
*1961:MVA|>Russia enters the 1960s: A documentary report on the 22nd Congress...| EBy Harry Schwartz| Ph.PA:Lippincott [1962]| ((278p))
*1969:1974; MVA|>History of Soviet Foreign Policy,1917-1970| 2vv| EBy Ponomarev,Boris N [Ponomaryov here]; Gromyko,A.; and Khvostov,V| ((prm))
*1970:MVA|>A Short History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union| EBy Ponomarev,Boris N.,et al| TBy David Skvirsky| ((SDb))
*1972:Toronto|>Guide to the Decisions of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union,1917-1967|
*1974:Toronto|>Resolutions & Decisions of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Vol. 1,“The RSDLP,1898-October 1917” (Elwood);vol. 2,in four books,“The Early Soviet Period, 1917-1929” (McNeal)| ((JN6598.K7R455| sbr.prm SDb REV SSR.stt Gwrx NEP RUS3))
*1984:UPNE|>A Documentary history of Communism|EBy Robert V. Daniels|2vv|Rev. ed| ((Another edition?: D228 335.4))
*1988:+; UPNE|>A Documentary history of Communism| EBy Robert V. Daniels|2vv | Updated, rev. ed|
*1989:MVA, Novosti|>Documents and Materials: Moscow, Kremlin, September 19-20, 1989| ((Prs))
*1993:UPNE|>A Documentary history of Communism in Russia: From Lenin to Gorbachev| EBy Robert V. Daniels|“Third, revised and updated edition”--Preface (1993 ed.)|
|>Russian Rev| ((NoUO))
--|Aid to wrl REV [SP&D,2]
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Stalin,Joseph V|
--|>Essential Stalin: Major Theoretical Writings,1905-1952. Edited by Bruce Franklin. Garden City NY: 1972. DK268.S75 A38
--|>Selected Works. Davis CA: Cardinal Publishers,1971
--|>Selected Writings. NYC: [1942]. 947.084 St16s
--|>Works. 13 vols. Moscow: 1952-1955. 308 St16 (12v only?)
*1931je23: speech| Edited by Geo Counts| ((HC335.St5;other ed HD3616.R9 S782))

<>Stead,William Thomas| a{
}r{
Baylen,Joseph O|>The Tsar's Lecturer-General: W. T. Stead and the Russian Revolution of 1905
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Stolypin,Petr Arkad*| a{}b{}c}d{}e{}n{RREV1 krx.rfm lnd.rfm}o{stt.srv mnr MID
}r{
}s{
>Bock,M. P|>Reminiscences of My Father,Peter A. Stolypin|Metuchen NJ:1970| ((prm stt.dmx|in Moh.RR))
>Conroy,M. S|>Petr Arkadevich Stolypin:Practical Politics in Late Tsarist Russia|Boulder:1976| (( Stp stt stt.dmx))
>Mosse,W. E| *1965je:SEER#43,101:257-274| “Stolypin's Villages”| (( skz krx Stp RREV1))
G/Yaney
>Zenkovsky,A. V| *1985:NJ.P, Kingston P|>Stolypin: Russia’s last Great Reformer|TBy M. Patoski;introduction by Ph. Mosely| ((85fa:bbt.rqt| Stp S.rfm stt.srv RREV1 stt.dmx))
}t{}8{}

<>Stronin,Oleksandr Ivn*| a{
}r{
*1885:SPB,tpg.Mtpt| Istoriia obshchestvennosti| ((cvc.virtu| Vast(767p) plt.trx search for scs lwx~ of cvc.pbl hst of obwwejitiya [i] ch1=“Istoriia grazhdanstvennosti”| Takes up ntn & shows all are a mix predanie ~~only to lng; thrfore not blood but blt=ntn lgc [726ff] 86my17:no14; Pypin 2ltr-Qrn [LpC:554,8| Q#15:612f,942] pbl=structr on lwx of mech;pbl=like“pyramid s kruglym osnovaniem” idl [SWG:436] BrE#62:825 d.scr- geometric concept of pbl.structure well| L-S“Stronin”, frm RXV,re.his idl:only 2 plt pty:pro-krx & con-krx(159), representative gbx figure))
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Struve,Petr Berngard| a{}b{}c{}d{}e{}n{}o{
}r{
*1909: G/Vexi
--|RB-C “The Intelligentsia and the National Face”|
|>Out of the Depths (De Profundis): A Collection of Articles on the Russian Revolution| ((>IzG| sbr.prm ntg rlg.idl RREV
Struve,Petr,ed
Askol'dov
Berdiaev
Bulgakov,S
Ivanov,Viach
Izgoev,A
Kotliarevskii,S
Murav'ev,VN
Novgorodtsev,PI
Pokrovskii,IA
Struve,PB
Frank,SL
))
*1931:Vienna| “Witte und Stolypin”|In Menschen die Geschichte machten|EBy P. R. Rohden and F. Ostrogorsky|Vol. 3| ((ndr Wtt Stp stt.srv RREV1))
}s{
Pipes
}t{}8{}

<>Sukhanov,Nikolai|>Gimmer,NN| a{}b{}c{}d{}e{}n{}o{rvs dddist SR
}r{
|>The Russian Revolution| ((1917))
}s{
[W]
Getzler,Israel|>Nikolai Sukhanov: Chronicler of the Russian Revolution
*2003:Journal of European Studies#33| Paul Dukes, "Nikolai Sukhanov: Chronicler of the Russian Revolution"
}t{}8{}

<>Szczesniak,Bolesl/aw,ed| The Russian Revolution and Religion: A Collection of Documents Concerning Suppression of Religion by the Communists,1917-1925. Notre Dame: 1959| ((274.7 Sz19| RREV3 Gwrx NEP))

<>Taylor,Graham Romeyn| a{
}r{
“The Revolution [1917-1918] in the Provinces” In WRH2:604-615| ((prm trv gbx RREV2 RREV3 [unpublished diary and letters (see s-field below)]))
}s{
[W re. father's archive w/letters]
}t{}8{}

<>Tikhomirov,Lev| a{852}b{}c{}d{}e{923}n{lgcNO}o{rvs turned rxn
}p{
Narodnaia volia party
}r{
|>Russia, Political and Social| [TXT] (( prm plt pbl idl))
|>Vospominaniia| ((UO vsp))
*1930:KrA#2/39:63-6 etc| “25 let nazad: Iz dnevnikov...”| ((GRS:117 prm dnv))
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Tolstoy,Leo on education,morality,religion,art,and history

<>Trotsky,Leon| a{
}r{
|>1905|Translated from the Russian by A. Bostock|NYC:1972| ((RREV1 hst.gph))
*1917:1922; |>Trotsky Papers,1917-1922. Edited by Jan Meijer. 2 vols. NoUO
*1923:| “From the Old Family to the New” in RBV1:89-95; fmy
*1930:N.NY|>My Life: An Attempt at an Autobiography| ((prm vsp rvs idl))
*1932:NYC|>History of the Russian Revolution| On theory of "permanent revolution" = TXT
*1937:LND|>Revolution Betrayed
--|>Whither Russia? Towards Capitalism or Socialism. 330.947 T 756
--|>Writings. (1929,30,30-31,36-37,29-33 supp.,34-40 supp.) (83mr31: bbt.rqt)
--|>Bulletin of the Opposition.vols. 1-4| ((prm))
--|>Literature and Revolution. PG2951.T76
--|>Portraits: Political and Personal. . HX23.T76
--|>Stalin: An Appraisal of the Man and His Influences
--|>First Five Years of the Communist International. 2 vols
--|>Whither Russia? Towards Capitalism or Socialism. 330.947 T 756
}s{
chd.Trt = Eastman
>Deutscher,Isaac. The Prophet Unarmed: Trotsky,1921-1929. The 2nd of 3 vols. London: 1959.
Pomper
Ponomarev
}t{}8{}

<>Trubetskaia O. N|
*1937:PRS|Sovremennye zapiski#64:??| “Iz perezhitogo”| ((GRS:53,117,187 prm vsp RREV1))

<>Trubetskoi,Evgenii| a{}e{}n{}o{phl
}r{
--|RB-C| “The Bolshevist Utopia”
--|RB-C| “The Religious Movement in Russia”
}s{
Bohachevsky-Chomiak
}t{}8{}

<>Tsereteli,I. G| a{
}r{
*1917ap:Crisis,in Moh.RR| ((prm vsp VRM))
}s{
Roobol,W. H|>Tsereteli--A Democrat in the Russian Revolution: A Political Biography
}t{}8{}

<>Tugan-Baranovsky,M. I| a{
}r{
|>The Russian Factory in the 19th Century| 1^st ed = 1898:SPB|>Russkaia fabrika v proshlom i nastoiashchem| ((prm ekn mfg prl krx))
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Tyrkova-Vil'iams,A|
*1952:NYC|>Na putiakh k svobode| ((GRS:115 prm vsp gte RREV1))
--|On KDs in Moh.RR
G/Williams,A

<>United States Department of State|
--|American Diplomatic and Public Papers: The United States and China| v9= Russia and the Manchurian Borderland| v10= The Russo-Japanese War| ((DOC E183.8.c5a72| USA-CHN irx))
--|Confidential U.S. Diplomatic Post Records: Russia and the Soviet Union. 3 parts: “Russia: From Czar to Commissars,1914-1918”. flm (10 reels). “The Soviet Union,1919-1933”. flm (75 reels). “The Soviet Union,1934-1941”. University Publications of America,flm (60 reels)
--|Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States: The Lansing Papers,1914-1920. 2 volumes. WDC: 1940| ((DOC E766.U43 2vols))
--|Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States,1918-1919: Russia. 4 volumes. DC: 1931-. JX233.R8
--|Records of the Department of State Relating to the Internal Affairs of Russia and the USSR,1910-1929| ((Microcopy of National Archives holdings #316,177 rolls [rolls #1-6(lists) #7-18(910mr: 918no;) #97-105(914mr: 918se;Calamities & disasters,etc) 107(?) 109-110(?) 132-34(?) #116-117(NoUO 913se: 918de;Financial conditions) #142(NoUO 910mr: 919au;Railways rrd) #164(NoUO file #861.797-861.7971)] See 8x11 US Nat. arx for pbd index,“Pamphlet Accompaning Microcopy No. 316: Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Russian and the Soviet Union,1910-29”(WDC: 1966) and “Purport Lists for the Department of State Decimal File,1910-1944”(WDC: 1976);see Univ. Pubs. Confidential. flm DK246.U5 cf. Z2491.U4))

<>United States Department of State, Division of Near Eastern Affairs. Periodical Report on Matters Relating to Russia [1 December 1917-June 1919]. WDC:| ((DOC DK265.A17 nos. 2-6,8-9))

<>United States Senate, Committee on the Judiciary. Bolshevik Propaganda: Hearings before a Subcommittee of the Committee of the Judiciary,United States Senate,65th Congress,Third Session. WDC: 1919

<>Vekhi [Landmarks; Signposts] prm RREV1

<>Vinogradov,Pavel [Vinogradoff,Paul here]| a{}n{plt stt.dmx Zmv lbx}o{unv prf
*1914:1915; Lectured in London [SAC]
}r{
*1915:L.ENG|>Self-government in Russia|
((
|pp.50ff: local self government in the time of Alexander II| Tver Province gentry projects for a Russian political future were central to Vinogradov's vision [ID] | V shared the disgust expressed in the Tver address about the dual reigning social/service hierarchies =
(1) superannuated but still enforced medieval social estates [sosloviia] and
(2) bureaucratic [chinovnik] arbitrariness built into the autocratic Table of Ranks
Vinogradov proposed a 3rd alternative = Democratic [vsesoslovnye] self government | Preliminary stages of democratic rule in Russia might result in gentry and other elite social forces predominating over the laboring masses, but it would be step one in a process that would lead toward authentic democratic self rule
))
--|The Russian Problem|
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Vodovozov,V. V., ed|>VdvVV| a{
}r{
|>Sbornik programm politicheskikh partii v Rossii| 4+? volumes| SPB:1906| ((sbr.prm plt.pty RREV1 lgc))

<>Voline [pseud. of V. M. Eichenbaum]| Nineteen-Seventeen: The Russian Revolution Betrayed
--|La révolution inconnue,1917-1921: Documentation inédite?? sur las Révolution russe. PRS: 1969. DK265.E4
--|The Unknown Revolution,1917-1921. NY: 1974| ((NoUO))

<>Vol'skii,N. V|>Valentinov| a{
}r{
The Early Years of Lenin| ((Lnn.chd))
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Vyshinskii,Andrei. --|The Law of the Soviet State. Translation of “Sovetskoe gosudarstvennoe pravo”. NYC: 1948. 342.47 V998
--|Lenin and Stalin: The Great Organizers of the Soviet State. Translation of second ed. MVA: 1952. UO

<>Wade,Rex A.,ed|
--|>Documents of Soviet History. Volume 1: The Bolshevik Revolution and Establishment of the Soviet State. Gulf Breeze FL: 1989

<>Wallace,Donald McKenzie| a{841}e{919
}r{
|>Russia| SEVERAL EDITIONS, 1877, 1905, 1910. 1912| ((krx trv| Only about 2/3 of 1912 edition got into Cyril Black's pb ed))
}s{
*1971:OSP#4:73-88|>Harrison,W| “Mackenzie Wallace's View of the Russian Revolution, 1905-1907”| ((trv))
}t{}8{}

<>Walling,William English| a{
}r{
*1908:N.NY|>Russia’s Message: The True World Import of the Revolution| ((Several editions| prm RREV1 mnt USA1~~))
*1917:N.NY|>Russia’s Message: The People Against the Czar| ((947.08 W158| prm USA1~~ REV| See Kennan,RUS leaves the wrx,p. 266ff))
*[1918]:[n.p.]|>Bolshevism Self-Revealed| ((335.4 P 191 v. 1 no. 21| prm USA1~~ REV))
}s{
[W] [W]
}t{}8{}

<>Weber,Max| a{}o{prf
}r{
*1894: See MWG 1/3| “Developmental Tendencies in the Situation of East Elban Rural Labourers” [“Entwicklungstendenzen in der Lage der ostelbischen Landarbeiter”] Translated with an “Introduction to Weber” by Keith Tribe. In Economy and Society 8 (1979): 172-205. H1.E25
*1895:| “Der Nationalstaat und die Volkswirtschaftspolitik”| Inaugural address at Freiburg U| ((In GPS (3rd edition,1971)( [1st ed. Munich: 1920;2nd: 1958]. Translated in part as “Economic Policy and the National Interest in Imperial Germany”. In WST: 263-8))
--|>The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. Translated by Talcott Parson. Second ed.,with Introduction by Anthony Giddens. LND: Allen & Unwin,1976 [NYC: Scribner,1977]
--| “Die protestantischen Sekten und der Geist des Kapitalismus”. Translated as “The Protestant Sects and the Spirit of Capitalism”. FMW: 302-22,450-9
--| “The Relations of the Rural Community to other Branches of Social Science”. Translated by Charles Seidenadel in Congress of Arts and Science,Universal Exposition,St. Louis,1904. Boston MA: 1906;reprinted with alterations, FMW: 363-85
*1905je06:Heidelberger Zeitung#131 [Zur Rede Alfred Hettners über “Das europäische Russland: Volk, Staat und Kultur”], and *1905je06:Heidelberger Tageblatt#131| “Russland-Abend”| These are two newspaper reports on Max Weber’s critique of Hettner’s presentation, “Russland-Abend im nationalsozialen Verein”| Reprinted in MWG1/10:698-700| ((| no Weber,Wbr))
*1906fe:ASS#22| “Zur Lage der bürgerlichen Demokratie in Russland”| An appendix titled “Zur Beurteilung der gegenwärtigen politischen Entwicklung Russlands” which also included S. J. Zhivago’s [Giwago here] review of the constitutional project published by the newly formed Russian political party Soiuz Osvobozhdeniia [Petr Struve, ed., Loi fondamentale de l’Empire Russe (Paris:1905)] Reprinted in MWG1/10:86-279| Translated in part as “The Prospects for Liberal Democracy in Tsarist Russia” in WST:269-284| GO Istoricheskii ocherk blw| ((lbx dmk RUS RREV1| sig. passages:GO FMW:71-2 & Moore| cynical; contemptuous of fa?? of rxn,sceptical re.KDs| Fall of tsar leads to bureaucratic authoritarianism, not cst dmk| Only disasterous EUR wrx can lead to overthrow of N-2 Mommsen,WbrP:7(both pieces re.RUS essentially journalistic, to keep GRM informed); 29; 14(re.rigidity of lbx plt; missing opportunities); 43(Realpolitik); 56f(RREV1)| Weber,Wbr:327-8))
*1906au:ASS#23| “Russlands Übergang zum Scheinkonstitutionalismus”| Reprinted in MWG1/10:293-684| ((RUS cst| Mommsen,WbrP:56f,29| GO Wbr.RREV1))
*1906|>Russian Revolutions| I.NY:CUP,1995| ((dk263.16.w4313| prm|>Wbr.RREV1| trx plt.clt))
*1906|>Istoricheskii ocherk osvoboditel’nogo dvizheniia v Rossii i polozhenie burzhuaznoi demokratii| KIV: I. I. Chokolov,1906| ((SIE| noUO| MWG 1/10:78f| prm| G/Zur Lage| in 8 parts))
*1909mr17:Russkie vedomosti#62| “Maks Veber o Germanii i svobodnoi Rossii” [1909 March 20]| A letter to the editor, reprinted with a German version (“Ueber die Erneuerung Russlands”) in MWG 1/10:689-90
*1917ap26:Frankfurter Zeitung| “Parlamentarisierung und Föderalismus”| ((frm Mommsen,WbrP cst fdr))
*1946:OX.ENG|>From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology. Translated by Hans Gerth and C. Wright Mills|
*1978:C.ENG|>Selections in Translation. Edited by W. G. Runciman| ((>WST| HM51.W396))
}s{
Baron (1970)
Honigsheim,Paul| *1949:Agricultural History#23:179-213| “Max Weber as Historian of Agriculture and Rural Life”
Kimball (1991se)
Pipes (1955ap)
>Scaff,Lawrence A, and Thomas Clay Arnold| “Class and the Theory of History: Marx on France and Weber on Russia”| In Antonio, Weber-Marx: 190-214
}t{}8{}

<>Weidlé,Wladimir|>Veidle,Vladimir| a{895}n{}e{979
}r{
|>Russia Absent and Present| Translation of La Russie absente et presente, v1 of “Triptique européen” (PRS:1949) | ((gnr REV.trx RUS2 plt.clt|pst also on Goethe & PuwAS
Veidle described the tragic evolution of an immensely broad popular culture (like Dostoevskii's notion of wirokaia natura) on which rose an astonishing high culture, a thin ascending line of creative brilliance but with feeble roots in the broad popular culture. Both popular culture and high civilization were to be admired and respected for their various roles in national life. The issue was the way in which each interacted with the other. In a healthy national environment, high and low culture nurtured one another. But in Russia, high culture was alien to, alienated from, the broad culture and unstable in its contact with "the people". Veidle imagined a more normal, a more sound, relationship between popular culture and high culture in the form of a triangle, broad at the base and high at the apex, but with stable sloping foundations on the base. In Russia, the image was a thin (but unusually broad) horizontal line from which there arose a thin and wobbling (but unexpectedly high-reaching) vertical line
))
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Witte,Sergei Yuli|>Vitte,Sergei Yuli| a{
}r{
*1899| “A Secret Memorandum of Sergei Witte on the Industrialization of Imperial Russia”| A translation,with an introductory article, by T. H. Von Laue of Witte’s “Report of the Minister of Finance to His Majesty on the Necessity of Formulating and Thereafter Steadfastly Adhering to a Definite Program of a Commercial and Industrial Policy of the Empire”| In *1954mr:JMH#26,1:60-74| ((xrx prm ekn mfgR Wtt MPR| Vsepodanneishii doklad ministra finansov S. Yu. Vitte....; reprint: Adams.IR:))
*1899|>Samoderzhavie i zemstvo| ((flm| prm stt Zmv))
*1905oc18:Pravitel’stvennyi vestnik published Witte memo to TSR [H05:289-92]
*1905de:SPB|>Zapiska po krest’ianskomu delu| ((GRS:110,120| prm skz RREV1| cf.bbl/Krivoshein))
*1921:N.NY|>The Memoirs of Count Witte| 2 eds| Translated and abridged by A. Yarmolinsky| ((prm Wtt vsp ekn stt.srv vsp [Stearns,Pageant:672-4] | G/Anan’ich & Ganelin re. crt of Wtt.vsp))
1938:Ph.PA|>Background for Chamberlain: A Turn of the Century Plan for European Peace [An excerpt from author’s Memoirs]| ((341.69 W783| prm vsp pcx irx))
| Bakhmet.RXV Columbia U| ((GRS:221))
| on SBR.rrd; USA1~~ desc [Walsh, Readings] prm
| on A.3 [Walsh,Readings] prm
| ekn [RRC,2] prm
}s{
Harcave
Mehlinger
Struve
Von Laue
}t{}8{}

<>Wrangel,Peter| --|The Memoirs of General Wrangel
--|White armies Gwrx in Moh.RR

<>Yakhontov,Arkadii N| a{
}r{
--|>Prologue to Revolution: Notes of A. N. Iakhontov on the Secret Meetings of the Council of Ministers,1915| ((RREV2 SoM))
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Yusupov,Feliks F. [Youssoupoff]|
*1954:LND|>Lost Splendor
*1927:NYC|>Rasputin

<>Zamiatin,Evgenyi
|>We|>My [an anti-utopian science fiction]| ((SSR blt))

<>Zeman,Z. A. B., ed| a{}
*1958:LND|>Germany and the Revolution in Russia,1915-1918:Documents from the Archives of the German Foreign Ministry| ((prm irx GRM RREV))

<>Zetkin,Clara| a{}
on RREV1 ((G/PREV:187-91))

<>Zubov,V. 917oc: Gatchina vsp in Moh.RR| ((prm vsp RREV3))

<>Adams,Arthur E., ed| a{}
|>Imperial Russia After 1861| Problems in European Civilization (Heath)| B.MA:1965| ((>Adams.IR| noUO| G/SUMMIT| sbr| rdx ntg:
Berlin,I ppl mrl condemnation of RUS plt & pbl systems|
Meyer,A Lnn prl rvs|
Fischer,G lbx before RREV1 oscillation twixt “Small deeds” & “senseless dreams”|
Karpovich,M After RREV1, REV or coop w/stt?|
Adams,A Pbd cnx|
Von Laue’s tlng of 899:Witte memo|
Strakhovsky,L Stp|
Volin,L skz improving|
Gershenkron,A mfg progress improving ekn
Karpovich,M modernization making REV more remote|
Black,C No plt alternative to stt|
Treadgold N-2 bulwark against rfm
))
|>The Russian Revolution and Bolshevik Victory: Why and How?|>Adams.RR (1967)|>Adams.RR2 (1972)| 3rd ed. EBy Suny,G., and Adams|>S&Adams.RR3
Miliukov,P from RUS ed. of Mlk.RR
Pares on Rasputin
Liashchenko on WW1, econ. and social consequences:15-23
Chamberlin on spontaneity of RREV2
Trotsky.RR on workers leading rev
Chernov.RR on R foreign policy
Golovin,Nik on demoralization of army ((mlt))
Mitrany,David| primitive peasant war gained momentum (from MvP)
Owen,Lancelot on peasants
Pipes on national minorities
Deutscher on SDs(b) leading workers toward rev
Kerensky on why Prov. Gov failed and why SDs(b)~ succeeded (*1932jyi:SEER)
Strakhovskii,Leonid on Kerensky betraying RUS
Fainsod on SDs(b) organization as key to victory
HCP on how Marxist-Leninist Theory guided SDs(b)
))

<>Adelman,Jonathan R| a{}n{wrx.rvs ~~hst trx
)r(
*1980:Boulder CO|>Revolutionary Armies: The Historical Development of the Soviet and Chinese People's Liberation Armies| (( UA837.A62))
*1985:Boulder CO|>Revolutions, Armies, and War: A Political History| ((U39.A34))
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Allworth,Edward, ed| a{}
|>Central Asia|Durham NC:1989| ((dk851.c46| sbr.ndr USA5.MPR.ntn CAS))
|>Central Asia: A Century of Russian Rule|N.NY:1967| ((sbr CAS ntn CASA))
|>Nationality Question in Soviet Central Asia|N.NY:1973| ((dk855.4.a63|sbr))
|>Soviet Nationalities Problems|N.NY:1971| ((sbr|ntn))
|>Tatars of the Crimea: Their struggle for survival; original studies from North America, unofficial and official documents from Czarist and Soviet sources|Durham:DUP,1988| ((DK508.9.K78T37 |394p| prm/ndr ntn TTR))

<>Anweiler,Oskar| a{
}r{
*1968:In Pipes.RR| On *1917sp:plt idl of PGR SOV leaders
*1979:In Brower.RR| Ideal of rvs dmk
*1974:N.NY|>The Soviets: The Russian Workers, Peasants, and Soldiers Councils,1905-1921| ((rvs plt.clt rvs.SOV RREV1 RREV3 Gwrx
STUDENT REVIEW =
First an expansion on what a “Soviet,” is in the Russian experience. They were councils of delegates elected by workers. The first appeared during the 1905 revolution, then disappeared (via persecution) until reappearing in 1917. One could interpret them as a grassroots movement of an experiment in direct democracy; although the Soviets were dominated by the Socialist parties, they were not the creation of the parties. The delegates were subject to instant recall; this was really the only constant electoral rule in the Soviets. Delegates were chosen at the factory level and larger factories were often under represented. The rules for number of workers per delegate varied from place to place. In 1917 soldiers and sailors also formed Soviets; later still and less pervasively peasants did as well. A hierarchy of Soviets was also formed as they proliferated at the municipal, oblast and later national level. The power structure, like the electoral rules, was not well defined; the Petrograd Soviet and the various manifestations of a national Soviet competed for influence. Throughout most of the eight month period of the Provisional Government the Soviets were dominated by moderate Socialist parties who relied on the Provisional Government to carry out the Bourgeois revolution. They assumed a supervisory role, something akin to a veto power, making sure that the Provisional Government advanced the revolution on a sufficiently revolutionary path.

This book can be broken into three parts: the first part examines the intellectual roots of communes and its development in socialist ideology up till 1917. Although Marx embraced the 1871 Paris Commune for its system of government, the council movement (and the local autonomy that came with it) was the ideological domain of anarchists and utopian socialists. Even though Marx believed that the state would wither away, this would happen only a dictatorship of the proletariat. Lenin in his earlier works closely adhered to this belief and espoused a strong central government. The other radical socialist parties, the Mensheviks and the Socialist Revolutionaries, supported the Soviet movement more that the Bolsheviks did. Even so, the Bolsheviks were prominent in the Moscow Soviet in 1905.

The second section of this book examines the eight month course of the Provisional Government. It continues the intellectual history of the first section by studying Lenin, Trotsky and other Bolshevik leaders’ attitudes towards and writings on the Soviets. When Lenin arrived back in Russia in April of 1917 he published his “April Theses” and put his support behind the Soviets. “All power to the Soviets,” became the Bolsheviks catchphrase. The Soviets alone had the right to rule and should assume all power. This belief certainly was something of a departure for Lenin, and he had to fight to get broad party support for his idea. Other parties still put faith in the Constituent Assembly. The Mensheviks, Kerensky and others thought the Provisional Government would disappear after the calling of the Constituent Assembly.

The Bolsheviks made good populist politicians. Their clever agitations engendered resentment among the working class towards the Provisional Government. They had their most success getting support at the factory committee level, particularly in the traditional urban areas. Eventually the Bolsheviks gained an overall majority in the Petrograd Soviet (they had a large majority among worker delegates, but only constituted a minority of solider delegates) that they used to induce the military revolutionary committee [mlt] (a committee formed by military troops to protect the gains of the revolution from counter revolutionaries) to seize power. This was in the name of the Soviets; the Bolsheviks were not powerful enough to seize power in their name. Still there was immediate reaction against this appropriation of power. Postal and Railway workers went on strike, and counterproductively the Mensheviks and SRs walked out of Soviet meetings. The third section of this book deals with the various ways the Bolsheviks compromised the power of the Soviets after October and set up a dictatorship not of the Soviets or even of the working class, but of the Bolsheviks.

Perhaps because of how dated this work is (mid 1950s) it doesn’t seem to organize itself around a single thesis, or offer much independent analysis, but I think the author’s (never explicitly stated) opinion is that Lenin was willing to flip flop ideologically depending on what he felt was the most advantageous to his gaining power. He didn’t really want all power to the Soviets (indeed after the July days he tried to get the Bolsheviks to change their position once more) but wanted power for himself and for his cadre party.
))
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Arendt,Hanna| a{
}r{
|>On Revolution|N.NY:1963| ((REV.trx noWbr USA|“The sad truth of the matter is that the French Revolution,which ended in disaster,has made world history,while the American Revolution,so triumphantly successful,has remained an event of little more than local importance” [55-6 (as in Ackerman,“Neo”:158)]))
|>Hannah Arendt,Was ist Politik? Fragmente aus dem Nachlass|EBy Ursula Ludz|MNC:Piper,1993| ((235p| trx plt.clt *1993fa:Telos#97:172-7 Margaret Canovan rvw| plt=freedom, miraculous power to start afresh| Practical GRK & Roman achievements, ways in which ctz~ acting together gave standards to themselves| C repeats the formula w/emphasis:“acting together created binding standards for themselves. Humans can stand against destruction & create civilization & frdom because they are plural” [C:175]. Socrates superior to Plato for this reason| Freedom of Athenian ctz~ consisted of their ability to talk and think together, and to initiate something new together [dialogue & labor] Cf.analogy of oasis and desert [C:177]))
}s{
Canovan,Margaret
Disch,L
Honig,Bonnie
APL/Kettell
Villa,Dana
Hinchman,Sandra
}t{}8{}

<>Ascher,Abraham| a{1928
}r{
*1953:RRe#12:235-252| “The Kornilov Affair”
*1988:1992|>The Revolution of 1905| Volume 1:“Russia in Disarray”| Volume 2:“Authority Restored”| ((gnr RREV1| v1=1905 v2=1906-7| concl. & bbl,(re. Wbr’s optimistic words,ASS 22:353))
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Baron,Samuel H| a{}
*1958je:JHI#19,3:??| “Plekhanov’s Russia: The Impact of the West upon an ‘Oriental’ Society”| ((Mrx AMP))
*1970:JGO#8:320-36| “The Weber Thesis and the Failure of Capitalist Development in Early Modern Russia”| ((Wbr trx cpt ekn))
|>Plekhanov: The Father of Russian Marxism| S.CA:SUP,1963| ((Mrx Plx RS2 RREV1 SDs noWbr))

<>Becker,Seymour| a{}
|>Nobility and Privilege in Late Imperial Russia| D.IL:NIUP,1985| ((dvr transformed=elite clx of ntr plt bnk skz &ntg avc plt.clt| Did not decline; transformed for privileged lords into entrepreneurs, politicians, financiers, landed proprietors, and well-edc avc| Found INX.plt easy))

<>Blackwell Encyclopedia of the Russian Revolution. Edited by Harold Shukman. NYC: Blackwell,1988. REF dk265.b54 [99]

<>Bonnell,Victoria E| a{}
*1983:B.CA, UCP|>Roots of Rebellion: Workers’ Politics and Organizations in St. Petersburg and Moscow,1900-1914| ((rvs prl orx SPB MVA RUS3))
>Bonnell,Victoria E., ed| *1983:B.CA, UCP|>The Russian Worker: Life and Labor under the Tsarist Regime| (( sbr.prm prl))

<>Bradley,Joseph| a{}
*1985:B.CA:UCP|>Muzhik and Muscovite:Urbanization in Late Imperial Russia| ((grd MVA))
*1991:BTsP:131-48| “Voluntary Associations, Civic Culture, and Obshchestvennost’ in Moscow”| ((dms obx cvc.pbl lgc| 131-41, well over half rtl given to judicious definition of key words in title, then “An analysis of the membership, [141/42] goals, internal and external conflicts, and political participation of Moscow’s voluntary associations is beyond the scope of a short essay, and only a tentative answer can be offered here.” The question to which Bradley referred asked whether MVA obx~ filled the need for “industrious and ration” [quoting Locke] ddd in place of the defeated rdx ddd~, i.e., Locke’s “quarrelsome and contentious”. The presumption here is that ntg 1^st tried rvs, then rather belatedly took up small deeds and the real hard work of cvc.pbl. We need closer attention to a larger canvas, one that covers a longer period and a broader geography of the old Empire. We need to look at but one that does analyze “membership, goals, internal and external conflicts, and political participation” OWN))
*1995:Taranovski,Reform:212-36| Russia’s Parliament of Public Opinion: Association, Assembly and the Autocracy, 1906-1914”| ((cvc.pbl Dmx RREV1))
*2002oc:AHR:| “Subjects into Citizens....”| ((cvc.pbl| Google search yields TXT))

<>Brovkin,Vladimir N. The Mensheviks after October: Socialist Opposition and the Rise of the Bolshevik Dictatorship| ((ndr SDs(m)))

<>Brower,Daniel, ed| a{}
*1979:St.Louis|>The Russian Revolution: Disorder or New Order?| Series: Forum Press “Problems in Civilization”| ((>Brower.RR:| OWN sbr RREV =
Volobuev,SDs(b)
Rosenberg,Instability of lbx stt
Anweiler,Ideal of rvs dmk
Von Laue,Weakness of stt
Ascher,Defeat of mlt leaderhip
Keep,in zvd
Volin,triumph of krx
Ferro,Citizen sld in REV struggle
Mints,Lnn rvs leadership
Daniels,Unpredictable REV
))

<>Browkin,Vladimir, Behind the Front Lines of the Civil War: Political Parties and Social Movements in Russia, 1918-1922, (New York and Oxford, 1986)| ((Gwrx))

<>Bukhovets,Oleg Grg*| a{}
}r{
*1986:ISSR#4:??:119| “Massovye istochniki po obshchestvennomu soznaniiu Rossiiskogo krest’ianstva (Opyt primeneniia kontent-analiza pri izuchenii prigovorov i nakazov 1905-1907 gg.)”| ((8x11/B| krx.mnt xtx
Bukhovets presents here an analysis of ca. 200 documents = peasant judgments and instructions drawn up for peasant delegates elected to the new State Duma or for public distribution. In these documents, Bukhovets identified 1120 discrete expressions of peasant attitude on some matter that illustrated “social consciousness” in Russian villages in the era of the 1905 Revolution. It becomes clear that Bukhovets might better have said “political consciousness”.

Bukhovets taxonomized these 1120 discrete expressions of attitude into 177 categories of “social consciousness”. He calls these 177 categories “variables”. Some variables were frequently expressed, many appeared only once among the 200 documents. The 29 most frequently mentioned variables (16% of the 177) represented 43% of the total 1120 discrete expressions. These 29 stand in some clear dominant position among the 177 varieties of peasant concern.

Here are Bukhovets' first 17 "variables" in descending order of frequency [ SAC editor intersperses his interpretation below in CAPS.] =

1. Appeal to the Duma [ID] to defend with firmness the interests of the narod [people, the whole people, the nation]
2. Amnesty for all political criminals
3. Expression of faith in the Duma and solidarity with it
4. Expression of hostility to the government, the state apparatus as a whole
5. Necessity of support for Duma in its struggle with the government

POINTS ##1-5, THE MOST FREQUENTLY EXPRESSED CONCERNS, ALL RELATE TO THE NEED TO ALTER THE POLITICAL RELATIONSHIP OF THE STATE TO THE PEOPLE. They are INSTITUTIONAL/POLITICAL concerns, not “social” or “economic” concerns

6. “Land and Liberty”
7. Four-tailed electoral procedures [i.e., election of officials by universal, equal, direct, and secret ballot]
8. Konstatatsiia [verification, guarantee condition] of those poor, hungry, or in the damaging condition of slavery
9. Abolish capital punishment
10. Democratic freedoms
11. Konstatatsiia of those with little land
12. Demand land only in accordance with the slogan “Land and Liberty”
13. Universal free public education [DECLINE IN FREQUENCY IS ABRUPT = POINT #13 APPEARED LESS THAN ½ AS OFTEN AS #1 ABOVE]
14. Replace indirect taxes with progressive income-related [podokhodnym] tax
15. Abolish police, land captains [zemskikh nachal’nikov (ID)] and security patrols [strazhnikov]

POINTS##6-15 SHIFTED AT FIRST TO ECONOMIC ISSUES (##6, 8, 11, and 12), INTERLACED STILL WITH SIGNIFICANT INSTITUTIONAL-POLITICAL ISSUES. MUCH MEANING IS PACKED IN THE GRAND AND TRADITIONAL REVOLUTIONARY SLOGAN “Land and Liberty”. OVER THE PREVIOUS HALF CENTURY, A WIDELY CIRCULATED PROCLAMATION BY NIKOLAI OGAREV AND THEN TWO POLITICAL MOVEMENTS WERE TITLED WITH THAT SLOGAN. THE SIMPLEST AND MOST DIRECT MEANING WAS “ECONOMIC SECURITY” AND “CIVIL RIGHTS”.

16. Appeal to struggle for “the people’s cause” [narodnoe delo], “the good of the people” [blago naroda], etc
17. Abolish the formal heritable social structure [soslovnogo stroia]

POINT #17 WAS A DIRECT ASSAULT ON AUTOCRATIC SOCIAL/SERVICE HIERARCHIES [ID]. POINT #17 APPEARED 1/3 AS OFTEN AS #1, BUT WAS A LEADING CONCERN OF VILLAGERS. NO MORE ALL-ENCOMPASING STATEMENT OF RUSSIAN “SOCIAL CONSCIOUSNESS” WAS POSSIBLE IN THE POLITICAL CULTURE OF THE LATE EMPIRE. THE LIST CONTINUES WITH POINT 18, WHICH APPEARED ¼ AS OFTEN AS POINT #1

Bukhovets offered a sophisticated statistical analysis, using regression tables that yielded numerical results to several decimal points. His goal was to create something like a precise meta-document of peasant outlook and demand, an “ideal type” or scientific-feeling composite of village discontent and hope.

Yet he glossed over the fact that 795 of the 1120 discrete expressions of concern (71%) related to political institutions and procedures. Social and economic issues were vigorously put in the documents but were less frequent.

Bukhovets in fact employed vague, even faulty, readings of the larger social/political environment from which and into which these documents sprung. For example, consider the way Bukhovets’ concept of peasant “illusions” [illiuzii] distorted his taxonomy of narrative content. The concept of illusion allowed him to denigrate certain ranges of village outlook, especially ambitious institutional demands, thus to bolster his presumptions about what was more solid or realistic. Bukhovets seems unable to absorb the heavy commitment to recognized 19th-century liberal political ideas in these peasant documents. In the colloquial expression, they "do not compute" for him. This echoes a long tradition of doctrinal pre-judgment of political platforms or goals in Russia. Reform-era Interior Minister Valuev often described a political position he disliked as “a thing impracticable” [nechto nesbytochnoe]. Nicholas II spoke at the beginning of his reign “of senseless dreams” [o bessmyslennykh mechtaniiakh] entertained by liberal activists. When Mensheviks accused Lenin of senseless dreams he replied, “We must dream" [Nam nuzhno mechtat’]
))
*1988:RRe#47:357-75| “The Political Consciousness of the Russian Peasantry in the Revolution of 1905-1907: Sources, Methods, and Some Results”| ((8x11/B| THIS IS AN ENGLISH-LANGUAGE SUMMARY OF THE RUSSIAN-LANGUAGE PUBLICATION JUST ABOVE| prc etc| G/Verner))

<>Burbank,Jane, Intelligentsia and Revolution: Russian Views of Bolshevism, 1917-1922, (New York and Oxford, 1986)| ((HX528.B87 mnt))

<>Burdzhalov,E. N| a{}
*1987:Bloomington IUP| Russia's Second Revolution: The February 1917 Uprising in Petrograd| ((DK265.19b813))
*1971:MVA|>Vtoraia russkaia revoliutsiia: Moskva, front, periferiia|

<>Bushnell,John| a{}
|>Mutiny Amid Repression: Russian Soldiers in the Revolution of 1905-1906| ((RREV1 sld mlt|no WBR))

<>Carr,Edward Hallett. A History of Soviet Russia. London: 10 vols.,1954-1979. [The Bolshevik Revolution,1917-1923. 3 vols.,1952;The Interregnum,1923-1924. 1954;Socialism in One Country. 3 vols.,1959;Foundations of a Planned Economy,1926-1929.3 vols. (vol. 1 co-authored with R. W. Davies),1969-79]. DK266.C263 1950 vols. 1-9
--|Russian Revolution and Peasants. AS122.L5 v.49

<>Champagne, Duane| a{}
|>Social order and political change: Constitutional governments among the Cherokee, the Choctaw, the Chickasaw, and the Creek|S.CA:SUP,c1992| ((317p|bbl:258-301 ndx|E99.C5 C34 1992| NAm cst plt.clt))

<>Clements,Barbara
--|>Bolshevik Feminist: The Life of Aleksandra Kollontai| ((ndr wmn SDs(b)))

<>Clowes,Edith W.,Samuel D. Kassow, and James L. West, eds| a{}
*1991:|>Between Tsar and People: Educated Society and the Quest for Public Identity in Late Imperial Russia| ((>BTsP| OWN| sbr.ndr pbl ntg sSs RUS2|
“Introduction: The Problem of the Middle in Late Imperial Russian Society”:3-14
2 summary chapters =
Rieber,Alfred J., “The Sedimentary Society”:343-66
Kassow,Samuel, “Russia’s Unrealized Civil Society”:367-71
Balzer
Bowlt
G/Bradley,Joseph
Brumfield,Wm
Curtis,James
Eklof,Ben
Freeze,Greg
Gleason,Abbot
Kassow,Samuel
Loe,Mary
McReynolds,Louise
Monas,Sidney
Norman,John
Orlovsky,Daniel
Owen,Thomas
Rieber,Alfred
Rosenthal,Bernice
Ruane,Christine
Timberlake,Charles
Wagner,Wm
G/West,James L|
))

<>Colodny,Robert G| a{}
*1990sp:Science & Society#89,53,1:47-??| “The U.S. Political Culture of the 1930s and the American Response to the Spanish Civil War”| ((UNCOVER USA5.wrx SPN plt.clt))

<>Coquin,Grancois-Xavier, ed| a{}
|>1905: La première révolution Russe| PRS:1986| ((UO sbr RREV1| Read,Chr,1905 & ntg:385-96| :543 re. RUS ntg interest in Wbr,rlgP Ethic))

<>Crisp,Olga, and Linda Edmondson, eds| a{}
|>Civil Rights in Imperial Russia|:| ((sbr lbx Dmx stt&pbl))

<>Cunha,Euclides da| a{866}e{909}
|>Rebellion in the Backlands|| ((trx krx.rvs “The” classic study of primitive social rebellion sd Hobsbawm,Primitive)) TO APL

<>Cunningham,James| a{}
|>A Vanquished Hope| :| ((ChxO rlg RREV1 clt))

<>Daly,Jonathan| a{}
--|Autocracy Under Siege: Security Police...| ((plc
STUDENT REVIEW =
The novel [?!] by Jonathan W. Daly “Autocracy under siege” focuses on the subject of Security policing within the 19th century to the 1905 revolution of Tsarist Russia. The book takes a broad overview of the subject from the history of the beginning origins of Security policing to the institutions infrastructure and internal operations. With six chapters it is a comprehensive road map that gives the readers a complete look at Russia’s Security Policing during the 19th century.

On July 3rd 1826 Nicholas I created Russia’s first Security policing program (Pg.12). Originally created to try and combat terrorist threats towards the government, Daly argues this point within his novel in trying to explain the reasons for the initial creation of security police. From there he goes in depth into the actual infrastructure and its inner workings about it’s operations, personnel, security Bureaus which were dispersed throughout Russia. All of which together made up one complete entity. The Bureau itself begins as a very small operation that included only a handful of officials (16), operating with only around four thousand military personnel at their disposal [mlt]. Russia’s security police were referred to as the Third Section of his Imperial majesty’s own Chancellery ((1826-1855). The Third Section consisted of Gendarmes soldiers, which essentially is a military body [mlt] that is charged with policing the public and ensuring the safety of its nation’s population.

Only lasting for around thirty years the Third Section of his imperial majesty’s own Chancellery was disbanded and absorbed into the Department of State Police which fell under the authority of the Ministry of the Interior. No longer directly under the Tsar himself, they now were authoritatively transferred to the deputy of the minister. Daly is able to go in depth and discuss the different types of policing that the security police were not only responsible for such as execution of court orders, tracking fugitives, riot control, and the detainment of “unusual” criminals. The Security police towards the latter part of the 19th century began integrating old techniques and merging them in with newer types of policing that would enable police to keep better tabs and control over possible revolutionary threats. From surveillance, using plainclothes to create subtlety to the implementation of secret informants, Security police had to adapt to the ever growing revolutionary movement. Many of these methods were results from a Sergei Zubatov, who from 1896-1902 was the head of security in Moscow. Seen as one of the most prevalent players within the history of Russia’s security police he was widely known for being able to integrate traditional policing methods with new, sophisticated methods.

Overall Daly makes his arguments of the security policing and its origins by creating an in depth analysis for the reader in order to show not only the history of it’s beginning in 1826 to it’s ultimate transformation into Okhrana after it’s mergence with the state department. Daly is able to give the reader a simplistic and easily understandable blue print to the Russia’s first Security Police and how it has effected not only the governmental mock up but also the social effects as well.
))

<>Eckstein,Harry|
*1965:H&T#4,2:133-63| “On the Etiology of Internal War”| ((wrx.rvs trx))

<>Eckstein,Harry,ed.
*1964:Glencoe IL|>Internal War: Basic Problems and Approaches| ((wrx.rvs trx))

<>Edelman,Robert| a{}
|>Gentry Politics on the Eve of the Russian Revolution: The Nationalist Party,1907-1917|New Brunswick:1980| ((DK262.E42| gnt dvr stt.dmx REV2 RUS3 noWbr))
|>Proletarian Peasants: The Revolution of 1905 in Russia's Southwest| ((prl krx UKR hst.gph))

<>Eklof,Benjamin|
--| G/Clowes
--|>Russian Peasant Schools: Officialdom, Village Culture, and Popular Pedagogy, 1861-1914| ((krx scl vlg
STUDENT REVIEW =
Eklof’s work exhibits a comprehensive analysis of Russia’s institutional and cultural response to the issue of addressing popular peasant education in light of the Emancipation of 1861. Under the subtitle “Officialdom, Village Culture, and Popular Pedagogy, 1861-1914”, Eklof explores a variety of both top-down and bottom-up narratives of the educational experience of the Russian peasant. From national decrees, regional zemstvo policies, local village controls, and individual accounts from pupils and teachers alike, Eklof examines the education of the peasant masses in such a way that the entire Russian social and political demographic is contextually addressed. Of note is Eklof’s examination of the Russian peasant teacher, whose experiences during this time have more to do with issues pertaining to being introduced and accepted into Russian village culture than the actual practicalities of pupil education.

In 1862, Russian author Ivan Turgenev published Fathers and Sons, a quote from which is spread across the first page of the Introduction: “The Russian peasant is in truth that mysterious unknown…Who can understand him? He does not understand himself!” The Russian peasant was thus introduced to the masses. Throughout history, the Russian peasant has been portrayed as illiterate, incapable of modern or progressive thought, stagnant in their station. Eklof’s introduction attempts to break away this binding mold of the peasants pre-condition. Established is a less sensationalized view of the peasants not as a child-like connotation needing constant paternal guidance, but as an independent and spirited social group capable of possessing a rooted sense of ambition in the form of a long tradition of Russian village culture. Bound in the traditions of expelling the yokes of serfdom, the village culture is portrayed by Eklof as being wary of attempts by the Russian national government to instill education reforms. The concept of “education as progress” did not fully take hold in peasant village culture until the 1890’s, some thirty years after Emancipation, a decade in which zemstvos were given a much broader mandate of controlling the educational framework of peasant curriculum and instruction.

Part One, “Institutions and Sponsors”, begins with a broad overview of historical trends in the Russian education system. For an inexperienced researcher of Russian history, the first chapter outlines the education policy aspects of Russian authoritative political culture under the reigns Peter the Great, Catherine the Great, Alexander I, and Nicholas I. Amidst various reforms and reactionary measures, a running trend of subverting education opportunities for peasants remained constant. Providing education for peasants lingered as a fear of the ruling political culture in the years pre-Emancipation for reasons amounting to keeping the Russian peasant classes within their Petrine station. Education provided the peasant with “notions and to a style not appropriate to their situation” (see pages 24-26). Rudimentary education was deemed reasonable for the lower Russian classes, but the ability for a peasant to excel beyond the three R’s in education institutions was rare. Possibilities for Russian universal education did not become readily apparent until the Emancipation of the serfs in 1861.

Eklof’s focus on both the 1864 Education Stature and the Zemstvo Statute of the same year provide a running parallel theme for the rest of the work. Local self control of education measures exerted through the zemstvo would become the most effective means of instituting measurable gains in student cognitive progress, outlined in Chapter 13 “Mere Learning: The Cognitive Results of Schooling.”

As a source for potential research topics, Eklof’s work provides a sufficient background for an extensive array of topics in the history of education in Russia. The experiences of Russian teachers in the peasant education system is a fascinating story, a narrative which is described in detail in Part Two, “The Outsider in the Village: Russian Teachers.” Part Three, “Peasant Pedagogy and the Emergence of a School System” explores the conditions in the Russian peasants’ classroom from the perspective of pupils and teachers. A comparison topic could emerge exploring the modern academic calendar in contrast with the Russian school year, discussed in Chapter 11, “The School Calendar: Rhythm and Intensity.” In Part Four, “The Results of Schooling”, Eklof examines the curriculum of the Russian peasant schools and just what a graduate of a peasant primary school might expect in terms of continued education in Chapter 15, “Beyond Primary School.”

The focus given to the role of zemstvo in providing a role of vital local government guidance to peasants is what drew my attention most in Eklof’s work. Emerging trends of local control and self-administration gives the reader a broader understanding of preceding political conditions that existed before both the 1905 and 1917 Revolutions. For a researcher looking for a quick introduction to the zemstvo, reference to Chapter 2, “The Great Reforms and the Zemstvos” is encouraged. I enjoyed Eklof’s work, and if a fellow researcher is debating a topic in the history of Russian education, or peasant culture in general, Eklof’s book is an excellent work that has a broad introductory scope.
))

<>Eklof,Ben, and Stephen Grant, eds| a{}
--|>World of the Russian Peasant: Post-Emancipation Culture and Society| ((>WRP| sbr.ndr krx RUS2 clt pbl))

<>Emmons,Terence| a{}
*1968:Cambridge|>The Russian Landed Gentry and Peasant Emancipation| ((srf.rfm gnt dvr RS1))
*1973se:SlR#32:461-90| “The Beseda Circle,1899-1905”| ((orx obx plt rvs))
*1974jy:RRe1#33:269-83| “The Russian Landed Gentry and Politics”| ((gnt dvr rvs))
*1977:CaliforniaSlavic Studies#10:45-86| “Russia’s Banquet Campaign”| ((RREV1))
*1983:CMA|>The Formation of Political Parties and the First National Elections in Russia|| ((JN6598.K95e47| stt.dmx1 plt RUS3| Wbr correct (ASS 22:244) lbx “essentially brz” in Lebenshaltung,while not so in ekn conditions))

<>Emmons,Terence, and Wayne S. Vucinich, eds| a{}
|>The Zemstvo in Russia: An Experiment in Local Self-Government| C.ENG:CUP,1982| ((>Emmons.Zmv| JS6058.Z46| sbr.ndr Zmv stt noWbr|
Starr before Zmv.rfm|
McKenzie in stt|
Atkinson & krx|
Manning 864:14;& plt|
Fallows 890:14;& stt.apx qin|
Brooks edc of nrd|
Ramer,Samuel public hlt|
Frieden,mdx|
Johnson,Rbt avc & lbx:Zmv xtx|
Gleason VsR Union of Zmv & WW1|
Rosenberg in 917 & SSR|
Emmons Zmv in hst perspective
))

<>Engelstein,Laura| a{}
--|>Moscow,1905:Working-Class Organization and Political Conflict| ((
STUDENT REVIEW =
First, we must understand what life was like in urban 1905 Russia. Engelstein gives the statistics as 60% of the Moscow textile force housed in a factory with more than 500 workers, and 75% in St Petersburg under the same conditions. By no means was the number of Russian people who lived under these circumstances negligible.

In addition to factory workers, the working class also included laborers, pharmicists, railroad workers, soldiers, clerks, printers, and numerous others. These people, both men and women, shared a life marked by 13-18 hour days, and were unable to vote, hold political office, or gather legally for political purposes.

According to Engelstein, the political action of 1905 begins with the intelligentsia, not with the working class. Social Democrats, working under the principles of Marxism, have been trying to motivate the working class population to revolutionary political action with limited success. Before 1905, Social Democrats (and Anarchists) had engaged in a public awareness movement which included sending young radicals to “teach” groups of laborers.

The fruits of this labor seem to be a politically aware minority among Russian workers, but certainly not the revolutionarily active majority which the Social Democrats had hoped for. Lack of central organization, fear of state violence, and unfamiliarity with strike politics seemed to keep most of Russia’s working class away from the politics of the labor movement.

Engelstein cites the formation of Zubatov Councils as one reason for the changes in Russia’s work force. Zubatov Councils were typically paternalistic groups formed by the state as an outlet for worker’s grievances. These councils were unintentionally politicized when Father Gapon lead a group of members in a peaceful march towards the winter palace. The marchers were armed with a list of grievances to be addressed. In this incident, state forces fired on the marchers and onlookers without discretion, wounding or killing at least 1,000 in the crowd. This act of state repression helped to politicize the workers and gain sympathy for the cause among the Russian majority. This was January of 1905.

But politicized workers are not necessarily organized workers, as Engelstein points out here. The sporadic outbreaks of strikes in January and February of 1905 fizzle due to lack of organization, experience, and unity. It seems that each person is striking for a different reason.

The September and October strikes are the prelude to the December Uprising. The September strikes are initiated by printers, without planning by intellectuals. Demands center around hours and wages. Engelstein states that these strikes have no political motivation. However, in the ranks of strikers are men and women familiar with strike tactics from January involvement. In the streets, the strikers mix with students and middle class citizens, all of whom are the targets of state sponsored violence. Under these circumstances, Engelstein argues that the strike movement snowballs.

In October, an important group of diverse workers joins the strike movement: the railroad workers. Within the railroad workers as a whole, the blue and white collar workers are united as a striking body. This striking body has the power to paralyze Russia, as Engelstien argues. Moreover, the railroad union has Social Democrats, Social Revolutionaries, Anarchists, and assorted other liberals at the helm, all co-existing.

The December Uprising is a natural event, considering (as Englestein has) the factors of a newly politicized working class, a sympathetic population, and the attempted quashing of the labor movement by an increasingly conservative city council, and the random violence of the Black Hundreds.
))

<>Fallows,Thomas S| a{}
*1981 Harvard University PhD Dissertation| “Forging the Zemstvo Movement: Liberalism and Radicalism on the Volga,1890-1905”| (( SAR.gbx Zmv lbx rdx RREV1))
|>kng

<>Farnsworth,Beatrice| a{}n{wmn}
--|Aleksandra Kollontai: Socialism, Feminism, and the Bolshevik Revolution| ((SSR scx RREV3))
<>Farnsworth,Beatrice, and Lynne Viola, eds| a{}
*1992:O.ENG, OUP|>Russian Peasant Women| (( sbr krx RUS2))

<>Ferro,Marc| a{
}r{
*1972|>The Russian Revolution of February,1917: The Fall of Tsarism and the Origins of Bolshevik Power|
*1980|>October 1917: A Social History of the Russian Revolution|
*1985|>The Bolshevik Revolution: A Social History of the Russian Revolution. Methuen,1985. NoUO
--|Citizen solders in the revolutionary struggle [Brower.RR:]
--|Aspirations of Russian society [Pipes.RR] | *1971:SlR| More aspirations
*1991:|>Nicholas II: The Last of the Tsars
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Figes,Orlando| a{}
|>Peasant Russia, Civil War: The Volga Countryside in Revolution (1917-1921)|O.ENG:OUP,| (( krx Gwrx VLG RREV3 RUS3 gbx))
--|>A People's Tragedy|

<>Fischer,Ben B| a{}
|>Okhrana the Paris operations of the Russian Imperial Police [Washington DC] : History Staff, Center for the Study of Intelligence, Central Intelligence Agency, 1997. View full record| ((G/Okhrana
STUDENT REVIEW =
The publication consists of a preface written by Fischer which describes the story of the Okhrana in Paris and the recovered files. The rest is a series of organized essays written for the CIA counterintelligence by an unknown author. All of these articles had previously appeared in the journal called Studies in Intelligence, which was published by the CIA. These articles are detailed descriptions of the Okhrana’s operations in Paris and all of the actors involved. Finally, the conclusion consist of a letter and the preface that inspired it which discussed the idea the Joseph Stalin was an Okhrana agent.

The preface, which is by Ben Fischer, discussed a number of issues surrounding Okhrana and the CIA. He also makes a number of conclusions with regard to the Tsarist regime and the Bolsheviks. One of Fischer’s first points states that the opening of the Paris Okhrana in 1883, “a sign of both success and failure on the part of the tsarist authorities”(pg 1). The statement made reflects that Fischer believed it was more of a failure on the part of the tsarist than a success of the revolutionaries. France, especially Paris, had become a haven for the many Russian revolutionaries that had been thrown out of Russia, and these revolutionaries were able to take advantage of the west’s liberties to conduct anti-regime activities.

The main body of the book consist of seven different articles written by an unknown CIA analyst. The articles are all interrelated and discuss stories of the Okhrana, its agents, and the Bolsheviks counterintelligence operations. One of the articles testifies to a Okhrana double agent during World War I. An agent named Dolin had Russian revolutionaries and the Germans convinced that he was working for them, while all along working for Okhrana. The author makes certain conclusions about the success of this operation and the fruits that it bore. The agent was able to dissuade German and Bolshevik attacks on Russia while also would give, “Okhrana regular information on the enemy’s intentions, methods, and program”(pg.80). This article and statement testifies to the instructiveness of these articles and the usefulness that the CIA had for the Okhrana files.

At the end of the publication there are to texts that discuss the idea that Josef Stalin was an Okhrana agent. They both only have circumstantial evidence that Stalin was a deep cover agent. This idea had been around for a long time and many hoped that the publication of these files would shed some light. Unfortunately the Okhrana kept no official record of their deep cover agents, so even if Stalin was ever an agent there would be no mention of him in Okhrana’s files in Paris or St. Petersburg. This publication provides a lot of insight into a subject that is typically very difficult to research. It provides a simple preface discussing the Okhrana and what it did while also providing detailed and interesting stories that are entertaining and educational.
))

<>Fischer,George| a{}
*1956:CMA|>Russian Liberalism: From Gentry to Intelligentsia| ((lbx plt gnt dvr ntg| defines lbx very broadly,but lst of lbx~ does not reach back to RS1| Billington rvw noted irony that KDs left lbx~ harkened back to 860s:rdx~:MxiNK & Hzn))
*1957:HSS#4:| “The Russian Intelligentsia and Liberalism”| ((ntg lbx))

<>Fitzpatrick,Sheila| a{}
On Lunacharskii
*1979:Education and Social Mobility in the Soviet Union,1921-1934. Cambridge England: 1979. LA831.8.F57
>Fitzpatrick,Sheila,ed. Cultural Revolution in Russia,1928-1931. Bloomington IN: 1978. LA831.8.F56. another call# DK266.4.C86 1978

<>Friedgut,Theodore H| a{}
|>Iuzovka and Revolution|2 volumes|P.NJ:PUP,1989| ((UO| v1=Life and Work in Russia’s Donbass,1869-1924|grn prl rvs.mvt RREV1 RREV3 NEP))

<>Footman,David| a{}
*1945|>Red Prelude: The Life of the Russian Terrorist Zhelyabov| ((UO| bxo JlbA krx rvs trr ppl NaV))
*1963:N.NY|>The Civil War in Russia| ((Gwrx))

<>Frieden,Nancy M| a{}
|>Russian Physicians in an Era of Reforms and Revolution,1856-1905| P.NJ:1981| ((|>Frieden,mdx| 5x8mdx| Prg.obx grt.rfm RREV1))

<>Frank,Stephen P. and Mark D. Steinberg, eds|
*1994|>Cultures in Flux: Lower-Class Values, Practices, and Resistance in Late Imperial Russia| ((>CiF| pbl wrk prl plt.clt))

<>Frierson,Cathy| a{}
|>Peasant Icons| ((OWN|krx| ntg plt.clt))
*1987sp:SlR#46,1:55-69| Article on district courts| ((lwx.sud vls.sud krx))

<>Fröhlich,Klaus| a{}
*1981:|>The Emergence of Russian Constitutionalism,1900-1904: The Relationship Between Social Mobilization and Political Group Formation in Pre-revolutionary Russia| ((RREV1 plt orx cvc.pbl obx| :321n(336) notes that 22:234 explains Wbr ~~Kistiakovskii.))

<>Gal’perin,Grigorii Boris*| With Aleksei Ivanovich Korolev, and Nina Ivanovna Vasil’eva| a{}
|>Pervaia rossiiskaia revoliutsiia i samoderzhavie| LGR:LGR.unv,1975| ((DK263.v32 GRS:222| RREV1 stt| 151p| 86:quotes Reisner MA re.“absolyutizme, prinyavwem formy ljekonstitucionalizma” Wbr.idl))

<>Geifman,Anna| a{}
|>Thou Shalt Kill: Revolutionary Terrorism in Russia, 1894-1917|

>Geifman,Anna, ed| a{}
|>Russia under the last tsar : Opposition and subversion, 1894-1917| ((>O&S| plt.pty~ SDm SDb Jwx SRs anx ntn Dmx lbx KDs SoO rxn plc GoS OChx dxv
>Liebich,Andre| Mensheviks
>Williams,Robert C| Bolsheviks
>Lokshin,Aleksandr| Bund in the Russian-Jewish historical landscape
>Melancon,Michael| Neo-populism in early twentieth-century Russia: the Socialist Revolutionary party ...
>Geifman,Anna| Anarchists and the “Obscure extremists”
>Weeks,Theodore R| National minorities in the Russian empire, 1897-1917
>Morison,John| State Duma : a political experiment
>Stockdale,Melissa| Liberalism and democracy: the Constitutional Democratic Party
>Pavlov,Dmitrii B| Union of October 17
>Bokhanov,Aleksandr| Hopeless symbiosis: power and right-wing radicalism ...
>Daly,Jonathan| Security police in late Imperial Russia
>Korros,Alexandra S| Legislative chamber history overlooked: the state council ..., 1906-1917
>Freeze,Gregory L| Church and politics in late Imperial Russia: crisis and radicalization of the clergy
))

<>Getzler,Israel.
Martov: A Political Biography of a Russian Social Democrat. London: 1967

<>Geyer,Dietrich| a{}
*1958:IntRevSocHis#3,2/3:| ((re. RREV1 & GRM SDs))
*1987:Leamington Spa|>Russian Revolution.| ((DK265.G39713))

<>Gill,Graeme J| a{}
|>The Origins of the Stalinist Political System|C.ENG:CUP,1990| ((JN6511.G53| ndr|STL|ch4:“The Divided Elite”:135-98 (esp:171-72) Struggle w/fxn~ [175f] Realities of fxn [185] Quotes Trt “pty always right” [187] ch8:“Elite Ravaged”:275-306|Conclusion:“Why Stalinism”:307-27))
|>Peasants and Government in the Russian Revolution|L.ENG:1979| ((B&N Imports,text edition $28.50,ISBN:0-06-492406-8| krx stt RREV2))

<> Gleason,Abbott| a{
}r{
Young Russia: The Genesis of Russian Radicalism in the 1860s
<>Gleason,Abbott,Peter Kenez,and Richard Stites,eds| >Bolshevik Culture: Experiment and Order in the Russian Revolution| ((>Blw.clt| sbr,ndr))
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Gouldner,Alvin W. The Future Intellectuals and the Rise of the New Class: A Frame of Reference, Theses, Conjectures, Arguments, and an Historical Perspective on the Role of Intellectuals and Intelligentsia in the International Class Contest of the Modern Era. Series: “The Dark Side of the Dialectic,” vol. 2. NYC: 1979;reprint,NYC: 1982. HM213.G68 [00]

<>Griewank,Karl. “Emergence of the Concept of Revolution”. In Lubasz,ed., Revolutions...: 55-61. xrx
--|Der neuzeitliche Revolutionsbegriff. Weimar: 1955 [00]

<>Griffiths,Gordon| a{1914}
|>Representative government in Western Europe in the sixteenth century: Commentary and documents for the study of comparative constitutional history| A publication of the International Commission for the History of Representative and Parliamentary Institutions| O.ENG:OUP.P,1968| ((JN94 .R3|622p bbl| prm plt.clt stt.dmx ZmS cst))

<>Guroff,Gregory, and Fred V. Carstensen, eds| a{}
|>Entrepreneurship in Imperial Russia and the Soviet Union| P.NJ:PUP,1983| ((sbr trd kpq ekn cpt))

<>Gurr,Ted Robert. “A Causal Model of Civil Strife: A Comparative Analysis Using New Indices”. PSR 61 (December 1968): 1104-1129
--|Why Men Revolt. Princeton: 1970 [00]

<>Haimson,Leopold,ed|
*1979:IUP|>The Politics of Rural Russia, 1905-1914| ((sbr.ndr skz krx RREV1 noWbr))

<>Hamburg,Gary M| a{}
*1978:Stanford University PhD dissertation| “Land Economy and Society in Tsarist Russia: Interest Politics of the Landed Gentry During the Agrarian Crisis of the Late Nineteenth Century”| ((dvr plt ekn INX pbl))
*1979jy:RRe#38:323-38| “The Russian Nobility on the Eve of the 1905 Revolution”| (())
*1984:New Brunswick NJ|>Politics of the Russian Nobility,1881-1905| ((noUO?|dvr clx sSs| dvr sSs clx pbl.mvt plt RREV1 “Lacked a common identity” | “class analysis is generally inappropriate” Bruce Lincoln rvw SlR 44:46))
*1992:S.CA, SUP|>Boris Chicherin and Early Russian Liberalism,1828-1866| ((Qqr lbx prf MVA.unv unv svt
A good account of the largely negative reaction of contemporaries to Q’s refined plt trx|We need still more information about the specific plt “milieu” in which Q & his ideas worked in the months prior to emancipation [G/Zdmx g-field re. all the cst ddd]:

H has passed over these in favor of the cultural conflict between “zpders” & “SLF”|But Q became famous as an important rpz of the stt.hst.gph|This shaped his pltics more than clt-wars of Hzn’s generation|Q taught that tsarist power created the sSs~,even the most privileged nobility [dvr.xmt.rgt] “Rn society was created from above,and not,as in Western Europe,from below [...] All Rn institutions had a statist character” [87] Q deflated the image of two leading examples of ndp pblal slf-apx:ZmS & vlg.oxo| He supported the idl of cst at some future time,but he would not allow the idle hope of a new ZmS [292-5] In this connection,he also discounted the significance of the vlg.oxo,arousing the anger of a broad spectrum of pbl.mnt [159-64] In Q’s words,Rn hst had but “one goal,one task--the building of the state| This is the chief, characteristic feature of Rn history since the fifteenth century,the result of the ddd of the Rn people,and its service to humanity” [87] These thoughts were not characteristic of zpders or SLF

Nor are they characteristic of what we ordinarily call a “lbx”| Q’s words & deeds call into question the usefulness of several popular generic abstractions|As our scholarly debate continues on these issues,we might heed the original “radical liberal” Jeremy Bentham| In Theory of Fictions he warned against group terms of uncertain content & recommended specific terms d.scr-ing exact groups & individuals| Much hangs on H’s precise meaning when he writes about the “lbx community” (p.12), “mobilized ctz~” (334), or “radicals” [163] We are sometimes asked to think of “zpders” & “SLF” as distinct groups with organizational structure, rosters, agendas,etc. (e.g.,see pp. 53 & 132),but they were not.

Bentham could also help unravel some of the dialectical complexity of motivation|What INX~ motivate pzn~ & grp~? In H’s view,Q & his fellow ntg were motivated by phlal & ethical concerns|For example,Q joined the campaign against srfom out of feelings of “revenge,” “anger & alienation” (117)|Yet one cannot escape the suspicion that Q’s ddd & inaction were rooted also in preceptions of tangible “INX~”|Q turned against pblal dddism everywhere it might threaten his life & wrk,his own perceived INX as inheritor of txx.alx.f wlt & security, noble lndowner & prf w/ high position on ToR| He objected to phrases in an article by Hzn that called upon peasants to prepare themselves for possible struggle, to “sharpen their axes”|His “conservative liberal” ideals abhored violence in this instance|But he was silent when the call to violence took the form of orders to sld~ to load weapons & prepare to fire on krx.rbx,as when troops were sent to his own estate to restore law & order after emancipation [216] H concludes that Q “misanalysed” the Rn gvt,but the sceptical reader might conclude that Q hid cautious self INX behind the illusion of a progressive stt [apx.lbx]

In the era of srf.rfm,when the verities of the TSR.stt were called into question,Q chose to act in a milieu that was academic, in the literal & figurative sense|He admired Count Cavour, >TrrLA [Louis Adolphe >Thiers],& Frantisek Palacky|Like Q,each=hstan,but,unlike Q,each behaved like a “lbx”| Each missed no ddd opportunity to “shape the political agenda” in his land| Can we really say the same for Q?

mmbip in obx|Cavour led the ITLan Agrarian Society,the rgnal grm mvt,& the Whist Club in Turino,but Q shunned the revivified Mskz,VEO & its Kgrm,& WXM|Q was ddd in certain fashionable salons & circles,but he appears to have had little or nothing to do with the voluntary obx that were becoming important forums for political discussion & dddism,for example,the LTF & LRS

CZC lbx Palacky was a member of that last named obx| Few indeed were Q’s closest associates who were not more ddd than he|H’s index contains the names of more than forty members of these obx|Although he does not deal explicitly with these obx~,he must have them in mind when he writes of liberalism’s “well-defined political agenda” (108) & the “constituency for cvl liberties” in RS1| His subsequent judgment that Rn liberals were disorganized & insufficiently courageous (110,114 & 331) fits Q better than it does these dddists & their obx~|Well over half of this first volume is a chapter titled “Liberal in Action”| But we see little of the ddd,except down the long nose of Q’s professorial disdain.
H summarizes Q’s political accomplishments:he urged the state to abolish srfom,he strengthened the hand of the “lbx” MltN & he tried to safeguard ctz~ against the state (341-2)|At Kvn’s urging he composed emancipation projects & wrote a long put-down of the Rn dvr for publication in GiR [G/57:GiR#3:1-113] Q wrote more than 300p for Hzn (121-3),but then turned against him| In the fear that Herzen supporters might accuse him of being an agent of the stt [plc.spy],he refused on ethical grounds to accept appointment as tutor to the TSR heir| Yet Q’s father,Hzn,& others suggested to Q that he was destined to a Mnrial career|Mlt urged him to become more directly involved in the rfm process|He did give some advice on emancipation & also on putting down the POL.rbx (263), but little more| There is no evidence that he did anything to ptx or resist the steady demotion & marginalization of MltN within the tsarist bureaucracy when reactionary forces waxed after emancipation|He prevaricated and thus was aloof from stt & pbl

Nor had he taken any initiatives in the intense three-year period leading up to emancipation|In these years he went on a “grand tour” of WEUR, putting himself out of the picture|The most significant moment of support for ddd “ctz~” came soon after his return to accept the prfip at MVA.unv|During the unv.rbx he wrote secretly to authorities urging moderation w/std~,all the while taking a visible & influential public stance vs. std sxd~ & other self-help initiatives|In these months he shifted stteward| He wrote for the infamous state-financed journal of close family friend PavNF and he eventually accepted the post as tutor to the TSRich

H is a sympathetic biographer but feels compelled to speak openly against Q’s vigorous opposition to wmn in the unv~| In tune w/contemp. plt.clt,H finds this “apalling” & concedes that Q must be “judged harshly” (242)|Yet Q’s strong & obdurate vs.dmk views go w/o chastisement. Q’s puzzling conclusion that,in TSRist R,pbl was the main threat to the pzn & that R.pzn~ as a whole nation were least suited of all EURans for rpz gvt (3) evidently calls for no judgment,despite the questionable implied comparison of Q’s R.pzn~ with Cavour’s ITL~ or TrrLA FRNw or Palacky’s SLVic brethren

In the years after 1862 turmoil,having so far avoided ddd alliance with specific obx~ & mvt~,Q dcl- himself a mmb of the vast communities of the EUR cnx tradition =dvr, mnx.stt & the congregation of rlgX believers [ChxX] [269-70] It is still hard to understand how he could find shelter in a “social tradition” [335] which he had so savaged in his early hst~,which he had so dismissed in favor of the progressive centralized stt [apx.lbx] H tries to help when he says that “the nobility was,after all,one of the stable groups upon which the Rn social order had been built” [339] But that seems to contradict the main concepts of Q’s early hst~

H understands that Q “placed too much stock in the progressive potential of the centralized state” [apx.lbx] (174 & 337)|No one said it better than Kvn when he asked Q if,“having dcl- war on the gvt’s enemies,you had in mind a different gvt than the one with which we have to deal?” (240)|In the complex world of Rn imperial politics,the conservative liberalism of Q consisted in the defense of a phantom future >Rechtstaat [>lwx.stt] against very real political ddd~ aimed against the immediate absolutist TSR.stt|The extreme ddd~ had their own sort of justification,but Q denied them|They seemed the only thing possible under the very real present conditions,but Q was convinced that they jeopardized the future transition to his dreamt Rechtstaat|The larger mechanisms of Rn hst here bring Q into a most peculiar harmony with the best defenders of SSR CMN idly

The real,existing state,not the dreamt Rechstaat,overturned Kvn’s prfal & pbl career in 1861 & five years later betrayed Q when it forced his resignation from MVA.unv| This was one of the telling ironies of RS1=Q suffered a fate very much like that of Kvn and,though far less severe,also like that of several leading “rdx~”|The unfettered exercise of TSR.stt power ruined the careers & reshaped the lives of SrnN,Qrn,Lvr,& literally scores of other social dddists|In the march of progressive Rn sttist hst [apx.lbx],they were all expendable| Q did not act like a EUR lbx,but he suffered like one at the hands of unchecked mnx authority|Among these individuals of squandered talent,only Q & Lvr still had a scholarly volume-worth of life left to live as of 1866|Lvr fled gtz frm forced gte to bcm an intellectual force in emerging rvs mvt,& Q acquiesced to TolD & PbdK
))

<>Hardy,Deborah, Land and Freedom: The Origins of Russian Terrorism, (New York, 1987)| ((ZIV trr plt.clt))

<>Haskell,Thomas L., and Richard F. Teichgraeber III, eds| a{}
|>The Culture of the market: Historical essays| C.ENG:CUP, 1993 | ((|HM101.C933 1993|524p sbr cpt plt.clt ekn mkt))

<>Hausmann,Guido et al|
|>Gesellschaft als locale Veranstaltung.... | ((grd cvc.pbl| Two imperial decrees, in 1870 and 1892, adjusted the city council [gorodskaia duma] to strengthen but also to limit urban self-administration. This book, written by German and Russian scholars, argues that deficiencies once attributed to Russian cities, and to these decrees, are largely the deficiencies of old “Western” interpretive concepts themselves. We can no longer gloss over actual bodies of self-organization and self-realization among the wide variety of home-grown urban dwellers. We can no longer ignore the poor, women, national minorities and religious communities. We should no longer premise “civil society” on the ascendancy of a unified and isolated or independent “middle class”, the reified “bourgeoisie”. Chapters then take up these topics = Moscow City Duma between 1870 and 1916; Moscow elites (owners of grand homes); Women who supported health and charitable institutions (representing ca. 80 leading Moscow merchant families); Social composition of city officials, 1893-1917, with 30 bios of mayors in Moscow, Odessa, Kiev, Riga, Kharkov, Tomsk Kazan and Saratov; Urban governance in Siberia and the Caucasus; The “New Club” organized by Kazan merchants; Burgeoning urban wage-labor population and their organizations, and beggars. The full story suggested in the subtitle of this book -- Selbstverwaltung, Assoziierung und Geselligkeit [self-administration, association and sociability] -- requires clarification of how self-mobilization in rural Zemstvos and towns coincided and reinforced one another, and how village and rural district activation fits in. We also need to know more about the liberal and technical professions and their organizations, more than we get from the brief mention of the Literacy Committee of the Free Economic Society [116-125] and the chapter on the “New Club”. This book is mainly about the shaping effect of the 1870 and 1892 urban decrees. There is no parallel account of the remarkable decrees handed down in 1867, 1874 and 1895 restricting independent Selbstverwaltung, Assoziierung und Geselligkeit, whether in cities or anywhere else in the Empire. This mounting sequence of suffocating laws sought to criminalize all voluntary association not explicitly approved, licensed and monitored by the bureaucratic state (any group that assembled outside the jurisdiction of the police [bez vedoma policii]). ))

<>Hildermeier,Manfred| a{}
|>Die russische Revolution 1905-1921| Frankfort:1989| ((DK263.H48 1989|RREV1 RREV2 RREV3))
|>Die Sozialrevolutionäre Partei Russlands: Agrarsozialismus und Modernisierung im Zarenreich (1900-1914)| Cologne-Vienna:1978| ((noUO| SRs RREV1| rvs))

<>Hogan,Heather|
*1993:IUP|>Forging Revolution: Metalworkers, Managers, and the State in St. Petersburg, 1890-1914| ((prl RREV1 mfg ekn.apx stt plc.scx?))

<>Husband,William B| Revolution in the Factory: The Birth of the Soviet Textile Industry,1917-1920. OXP: 1990. 256p

<>Janos,Andrew C| a{}n{1pty}
*1970| “The One-Party State and Social Mobilization”, also re.grp pltics in CMN cvc.pbl| In >Authoritarian politics in modern society; the dynamics of established one-party systems, edited by Samuel P. Huntington and Clement H. Moore| ((ndr| 1pty fxn plt.clt))
*1976:|>Authoritarian politics in Communist Europe : uniformity & diversity in one-party states / contributors, Zygmunt Bauman ... [et al.]| ((JN96.A3 1976 .A97))

<>Jones,Adrian| a{955
}m{LaTrobe unv
}r{
|>Late-Imperial Russia, an Interpretation: Three Visions, Two Cultures, One Peasantry| Bern, etc:Peter Lang,1997| ((noUO| rfr txt mnt.hst plt.ekn nrd.svt.e xtx: krx| mnt&ddd:ntg, stt & krx all speak))
|>rtl~ ~~FREV w/ RREV
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Jones,Anthony G/LRF

<>Jones,Robert Edward| a{}
*1973:The Emancipation of the Russian Nobility, 1762-1785| ((Some interpret Catherine's "emancipation" of the nobility [ID] as a confirmation of their status as a "ruling class". Jones does not. The gentry, as gentry, was not the ruling class in Russia. The emperor and high state officials (chinovnichestvo) were the true ruling class. Chinovniki were those who earned or were granted chin [rank] on the Table of Ranks [ID]. Aristocrats had "insider advantage" in these matters, but aristocrats were not, as aristocrats, the ruling class. Those who held official administrative rank were the ruling class, and the higher the rank the greater the degree of "rule". Catherine simply put pomeshchiki out to pasture, so to speak Yes, they had lordly ascendancy over villagers out there in the provinces, and these serfs were bound to them. But most pomeshchiki had very few serfs and few of them prospered. If pomeshchiki wanted back in the capitals in an active role, they would have to choose to go the route of state service. They were now no longer legally obligated to do so, but most found it an economic necessity. As one mid-19th-century public figure put it, a non-serving pomeshchik was as rare as a white crow.))

<>Josephson,Paul| a{}
|>Physics and Politics in Revolutionary Russia|BUC:1991| ((scs fzz plt.clt 917:41;LGR STL.clt))

<>Julicher, Peter| a{}
|>Renegades, Rebels and Rogues under the Tsars. Jefferson, NC: McFarland and Company Inc., 2003| ((This is a course textbook about tsarist political authorities and their opponents over a 370-year period preceding collapse of the Romanov dynasty in 1917. Colorful and menacing characters gather on all sides -- tsar Ivan IV and Prince Andrei Kurbskii, more than one false Dmitrii, Ivan Bolotnikov, Patriarchs Filaret and Nikon, Archpriest Avvakum, Boyarina Feodosiia Morozova, Regent Sofiia and elite military police, the Strel’tsy, and several Cossack leaders, Stepan Razin, Kondratii Bulavin and Emiliano Pugachev. Later Sergei Nechaev appears as “one of the fiercest revolutionary fanatics in Russian history” [189]. Then terrorists in Narodnaia Volia assassinated tsar-liberator Alexander II. Action is anchored in political institutions and governmental policies. Tsar Aleksei and the disorders of 1648 are understood together. The devastating schism among Russian Orthodox believers is associated with state policy. Aleksei, son of Peter I and heir to the throne, died under torture because of dealings with political opposition. Dissatisfied high state functionaries were leading conspirators against Empress Anna and helped murder emperors Peter III and Paul. Officers of the massive imperial armed forces were dominant figures of political opposition in the 19^th century. Father Gapon, labor leader on “Bloody Sunday”, and Dmitrii Bogrov, Prime Minister Petr Stolypin’s assassin, were police agents as well as associates of the terrorist underground. And finally in the catastrophic era of World War One, Grigorii Rasputin and the Empress Alexandra symbolized squalor at highest bureaucratic-administrative levels.
Julicher concludes that the rise of an imperialistic military and police state [mlt], financially insecure and jealous of its prerogatives and thus unwilling to tolerate an independent public sphere, caused and conditioned these episodes [255-9]. Old-Believers arose from the same larger institutional matrix that promoted terrorism in the Social Revolutionary Battle Organization. The Decembrists and Nicholas I might be thought of as peas from the same pod.
Julicher’s intended audience appears to be US citizens of high-school age. The book presumes a casual grasp of “democratic traditions necessary for a modern state” [v]. While “principled dissidents” (implying a distinction not spelled out) have been harassed and vilified in America and “other western countries”, still opposition there has been respected and has sometimes succeeded. In Russia, however, “such cases are non-existent” because no “loyal opposition” has been possible. Political powers have treated criticism and resistance as treason; officials attacked opponents with militant ferocity [5].
Casual reference above to “traditions” detracts from the book’s more discrete emphasis on institutions and policies. And the conventional but deceptive word “western” might create the erroneous impression that military/police statism and vigorous, extreme resistance are altogether unique to Russia, or characteristic of the “non-western” world alone. In order to judge these issues, young people need to know more about “democratic traditions” and the ups and downs of “Western” values. The Thirty Years War, for example, could provide context for judging Russian 17^th century politics. Similarly comparison of English treatment of the Irish, and Irish response, with Russian treatment of its imperial subjects, and their “roguish” response, might prove suggestive. Julicher finesses 20^th and early 21^st century issues. He opens with a brief history of the Soviet Revolution, and he more than once lightly associates violence and outrage up to 1917 with the extremes of subsequent Stalinism and Communist Party rule. But what of the last twenty years, from Mikhail Gorbachev and Boris Yeltsin to Vladimir Putin? It might be best to think of these as discussion points that could be raised with students fortunate enough to be taught by Julicher or his textbook.
The publisher must be scolded for second-rate proof reading. Many misspellings and typographic errors mar this presentation: Karakazov for Karakozov, and Prizhkov (etc.) for Pryzhov, just to mention two. Nechaev is a big part of the story, but he does not make it into the index. Many excellent illustrations are taken from Russian-language sources, but these are often identified in imprecise transliteration. Three-fourths of the endnotes cite no sources. They simply extend the main narrative, back where students will not read them. To counterbalance this, a good map [xi] helps locate most of the action and underscores the wholesome awareness throughout the text that the frontier plays a vital role in the story. Bibliographies reveal Julicher’s debt to The Modern Encyclopedia of Russian and Soviet History, and they guide students to useful additional reading.))

<>Kahan,Arcadius|
*1965:CHI| In Education and Economic Development| “The 'Hereditary Workers' Hypothesis and the Development of a Factory Labor Force in Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century Russia”| ((krx-prl wrk clx))

<>Kassow,Samuel D| a{}
*1989:BUC|>Students, Professors and the State in Tsarist Russia| INTERNET TXT| ((480p| unv prf std stt RUS2 mainly 899:901;unv.rbx thru RREV1|unv as tUt threat to principles of stt [14-15]
STUDENT REVIEW =
[This book] details the politics and policies of the University systems under tsarist control. Through this model, Kassow explores the causes behind the revolution, as well as attempts to define the identity of each branch involved. Students centers mainly on the time period 1899 through 1917, but it also delves heavily into the events that lead up to this period of reform.

The book begins by describing the alienation and fear held by the state towards the professorship, and visa versa. As Kassow aptly explains, “The government tended to take a utilitarian view of higher education.” The government saw the university system as an opportunity to train loyal civil servants who would move on to become patriotic members of society, such as lawyers or doctors. Within this structure there were several types of universities such as “closed schools, military academies, specialized institutes, women's institutes, polytechnic institutes, commercial institutes, private universities and institutes such as Moscow's Shaniavskii University, and state universities.” The majority of these institutions fell under the rule of the Ministry of Education. By the 1860s, the policies and politics of the Russian education system had become intertwined in the growing dissonant movements.

Kassow describes that the government was unsure as to how to continue to deal with education. Conservatives wanted to turn the universities into closed institutions, while others held up the example of Oxford and Cambridge, where the main goal of the university experience was moral education. Their first attempts at a laissez-faire system of control over the universities through the 1863 Statute was short lived. This was quickly replaced by the University Statute of 1884, which stripped many academic freedoms from the hands of professorship and put them firmly in control of the Ministry of Education. Despite the tightening grip of the government on the education system, it wasn’t until the mid 1900s that schools would completely lose their autonomy and become satellites of the Ministry.

The student movements of the 1850s, leading up to the 1905 revolution are presented as a prominent factor in the evolution of the education system. Kassow describes, “Russian universities were the incubators of a student subculture, a meeting place where thousands of provincial youth, often poor but having little in common with the popular masses and even less with the ruling elite, joined a proud new social group, the studenchestvo, and then left to become teachers, doctors, lawyers, civil servants, or, in a few cases, embittered revolutionaries.” Some individuals within the student body believed that there needed to be a balance between self-interest and the self-sacrificing ideals of the collective. As the 19th century came to a close however, there were a growing number of students who believed that the whole idea behind studenchestvo was false. They saw the role of the student as an individual set on their own path, each being vastly different from one another. In other words, studenchestvo began to be seen as, “an exercise in self-delusion, a last chance to play with idealism and courage before the students became judges, civil servants, and comfortable lawyers.”

Students does an excellent job outlining the knife’s edge that the professorship walked during the 1850s-1910s. Suspected by both the student body (for being too soft) and the government (for planting the seeds of revolution in the mind of the students), the professors strode to define their own roll in the education system. Many of the professors saw themselves as researchers whose success lay in, “the need for academic freedom, secure power within the academic structure, and a free hand in enforcing internal university discipline.” While Kassow asserts that professors wanted academic freedom, they were frustrated by the student movements, and would have been content to stay within the boundaries set by the government, as long the government didn’t completely impede day to day teachings.

Kassow places the student movements, specifically the events which lead to Bloody Sunday as a paradigm shift in Soviet history. “Bloody Sunday was a turning point for both students and the teachers. The scale was much larger than previous uprisings as well as the scope which included the professorship.” In some sense Bloody Sunday forced the hand of the professorship to side with the students. From here Kassow explores the last days under the tsar and the role that higher education played throughout.

This book is an excellent resource to help understand the conflicts of natal and assigned identity within each section of the Universities. I would recommend this book to anyone who is looking for information pertaining to the student movements of 1899-1905. Finally, this book contains a great amount of raw data concerning the make up of university enrollment. A great and insightful read overall.
))
GO Cowles,Between

<>Keep,John L. H|
*:| “The Bolshevik Revolution: Prototype or Myth?” In Anatomy of Communist Takeovers: 46-60| ((xrx HX518.S8A522))
*1976:NYC|>The Russian Revolution: A Study in Mass Mobilization. NYC: 1976
*1977:Coliumbus OH| “The Great October Socialist Revolution”. In Samuel H. Baron and Nancy W. Heer,eds., Windows on the Russian Past: Essays on Soviet Historiography since Stalin: 139-56
*:|>Power and the People: Collected Articles and Essays on Russian History| ndr plt.clt
*:|>Soldiers of the Tsar: Army and Society in Russia, 1462-1874| ((mlt))

<>Kharkhordin,Oleg| a{}
*1998se:Europe-Asia Studies#50,6:| “Civil Society and Orthodox Christianity”| ((OChx rlg| G/Main Concepts blw))
*2001my:History and Theory#40,2:| “What Is the State?: The Russian Concept of Gosudarstvo in the European Context”| ((cvc.pbl trx| G/Main Concepts blw))
*2001no:European Journal of Social Theory#4,4:| “Nation, Nature and Natality: New Dimensions of Political Action”| ((| G/Main Concepts blw))
*2005:MA Cambridge, MIT|>Making Things Public: Atmospheres of Democracy, pp. ??| “Things as Res Publica: Making Things Public”| ((rpx| G/Main Concepts blw))
*2005:|>Main Concepts of Russian Politics| ((noUO G/Summit| Draws together previous four titles))

<>Khristoforov,Igor G|
--|“Aristokraticheskaia” oppozitsiia Velikim reformam....|
(( In the era of “Great Reforms”, certain noble groups with economic roots in the countryside [pomeshchiki] organized for political purposes. They opposed massive reforms designed with state interests in mind rather than “class interests” of either provincial nobles or villagers. But Russian nobles wielded political power only via state service. Social estate itself granted no power; Table of Ranks did. Bureaucrats were the imperial ruling class. Yes, provincial gentry lorded over serfs, but that was the very power targeted by statist reform. For about 600,000 nobles, serf emancipation meant that the state expropriated half their land (with compensation) and nearly all their authority over village labor (with no compensation). Interior Minister Petr Valuev sought to mollify or co-opt them, most notably with Zemstvo institutions of local self administration. But ambitious and independent-minded “aristocrats” wanted more for themselves and, naturally, less for certain other interest groups.

They mobilized in small but articulate and well-connected circles (i.e., in kruzhki rather than more open political parties). They sought to join the political fray, to create for the first time in modern Russian history something like an authentic political arena. However, these “aristocrats” had insufficient social/political organization or habit to sustain decisive opposition. It is more accurate to say that “aristocratic” opposition failed than that it was defeated.

For one thing, it could never clearly distinguish its interests from those of tsarist administrators, nor could it conceptualize a workable relationship to the great mass of villagers. Nothing better expresses the complexity of this story than a brief “prosopography” of Khristoforov’s main characters. These are identified en masse in two places: first, a collection of 27 portraits of leading figures presented on 16 unnumbered pages sewn between pages 240 and 241, and, second, a biographical file with basic information on those who appear in the narrative (pp. 397-427). Sixteen of the 27 portraits are of high-ranking statesmen. Only four are representatives of what might be called “civil society” [ID]. Seven of the 27, however, bridge the domains of state and society. Biographical files include sixty main activists who sort themselves out in a similar fashion. Only 21 of these could be called “public figures”, as opposed to state servitors active also in public life (n=14) or purely governmental figures (n=25).

This is a much needed account of non-urban establishmentarian conservatism in a struggle to carve out a political space for itself, independent of autocratic managerial authoritarianism and in a superior relationship to volost’-level or village organizations. Some might wish that Khristoforov were more skeptical about ideological taxonomies (his “isms”, as in liberalism vs. conservatism, or conservatism vs. socialism). Those thus disappointed can take heart from abundant attention to actual groups with ustav and sostav. Here the most important are the editorial boards of Vest’ and Russkii mir, and the voluntary association Obshchestvo vzaimnogo pozemel’nogo kredita (Mutual Land Credit Society).

All readers will be pleased with the full and accurate publication here of Aleksandr Illarionovich Vasil’chikov’s manuscript essay “Tainaia politsiia v Rossii”, composed 1872-1874. Valentina Chernukha and others have dealt with this remarkable political tract, but Khristoforov does a great service to present it in full for the first time (320-81). Vasil’chikov was convinced, as is Khristoforov, that a genuine conservative political movement is doomed if it depends on the likes of Petr Andreevich Shuvalov, Chief Gendarme and Director of the Third Section of His Majesty’s Own Chancery [the infamous imperial secret police].

--|Daniel Field wrote an extended review [TXT]
))

<>Kimball,Alan| a{}
*1991su:Telos#8:187-95|Kimball, Alan, and Gary Ulmen| "Weber on Russia"| ((H1 .T44))

<>Kingston-Mann,Esther| a{}
*1985:O.ENG, OUP|>Lenin and the Problem of Marxist Peasant Revolution| ((OWN Mrx Lnn krx|Is there a N.NY:1983 ed.? noWbr))

>Kingston-Mann,Esther and Timothy >Mixter eds|>Peasant Economy, Culture, and Politics of European Russia| ((sbr.ndr krx vlg))

<>Koselleck,Reinhart. Futures Past: On the Semantics of Historical Time. Translation of Vergangene Zukunft: Zur Semantik geschichtlicher Zeiten (Frankfurt am Main: 1979) by Keith Tribe. Cambridge MA: 1985. D16.8.K63313| rvs.trx
--|“Historical Criteria of the Modern Concept of Revolution”. In his Future Past: 39-54. UO
--|“Der neuzeitliche Revolutionsbegriff als geschichtliche Kategorie”. In Studium Generale (1969) [00]

<>Lane,David Stuart| a{}
|>The Roots of Russian Communism: a Social and Historical Study of Russian Social-Democracy, 1898-1907|Assen:1969| (( xtx bxo SDs pbl clx RREV1))
|>Soviet Society Under Perestroika|L.ENG:Rutledge,1992 [Complete revision of original 1990 edition]| ((dk288.L36| cvc.pbl SSR Grb Prs))

<>Lane,David Stuart,ed| a{}
*1992: Aldershot ENG, Edward Elgar |>Russia in Flux: The Political and Social Consequences of Reform| ((>LRF| hn530.z9e47| sbr.ndr Prs G.rfm|
Lane on SSR elites|
Rahr,Alexander on Top Leadership(MVA & gbx)
Slider,Darrell on gvt in gbx|
Mitrokhin,Sergei on pbl grp~ & new dmk (CF:plt.clt table abv)|
Jones,Anthony on avc|
Tolz,Vera on jrn & mxx|
Teague,Elizabeth on prl|
Abrahams,Ray on fmy skz in EST|
Riordan,Jim on chd|
Browning,Genia & Armorer Wason on wmn & plt|
Kryshtanovskaia,Olga on bzn elite|
McAuley,Alastair on bdn grp~|
Andrusz,Greg on dms.rfm & cvc.pbl conflict
))

<>Laqueur,Walter| a{}
|>Black Hundred: The Rise of the Extreme Right in Russia| N.NY:Harper/Collins,??| ((B100 rxn plt.mvt))
*1968| “Revolution”| International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences 13:501-507

<>Levin,Alfred|
*1963mr:JGO#??:??| “Russian Bureaucratic Opinion in the Wake of the 1905 Revolution”
*1965de:JMH#??:??| “Peter Arkad'evich Stolypin: A Political Appraisal”| ((Stp stt.srv RREV1 Dmx2 Dmx3))
*1940:CN.YUP|>The Second Duma: A Study of the Social Democratic Party and the Russian Constitutional Experiment| ((SDs))
*1973:CN Hamden|>Third Duma, Election and Profile| ((Dmx3
STUDENT REVIEW =
After the collapse of the Second Duma, Russia was a nation of changing ideas and many fundamentally different political philosophies. Among the large, frustrated peasant base was a growing call for Marxist and Socialist beliefs. Already viewing the parliamentary system as nothing more than a compromise with the people, the Tsar sought to assure that the Third Duma would be a more conservative body cleansed of these “untrustworthy elements” that had caused the dissolution of the previous two Dumas.

With this purpose in mind he issued the Election Laws on June 3, 1907 to vastly limit the elections and, by means of a system of gerrymandering and limiting registration to property owners, create the envisioned conservative Duma. This law decreased the peasantry’s electoral strength by one half. This caused many people of the lower class to become apathetic of the political process now that there was little chance of getting their voice heard.

The Law also had an effect on the political parties of Russia. There was a multitude of different political parties, yet most that were elected to Third Duma seemed to be struggling with the same problem: maintaining stability. While conservatives were struggling with maintaining the status quo, parties like the Octobrists were struggling with maintaining social stability in a time when liberals seemed to be creating a revolutionary situation in Russia. After June 3 1907 popular opposition to the government voiced by the Duma became “unthinkable”. As a result, while many in the Octobrists secretly wished for reforms, they instead spent most of their energy cooperating with the regime and limiting excessive speech that would hurt the image of the Duma. For this reason, among liberals, they were known as the party of “sad necessity”.

Levin states that “Only Social Democrats stayed strongly opposed to the government”. Landlords mobilized under the idea of defeating the ideas of the reformers while many liberal parties struggled with intra-party struggles. Violations at the polls and low turnout from the lower classes aided the conservative victory, to the satisfaction of the Tsar. More than anything, the election and the election results clarified a growing problem in Russia: growing government repression and irreconcilable differences between the peasantry and Russian State.
))

<>Lewin,Moshe| a{}n{krx STL.skz Lnn NEP}o{}
*1968:NYC|>Russian Peasants and Soviet Power: A Study of Collectivization| ((HD1992.L413))
*1985::NYC:|>The Making of the Soviet System: Essays in the Social History of Interwar Russia|
--|>Lenin's Last Struggle| (())
--| Social Background of Stalin [Tucker,Stalinism]

<>Matossian,Mary| a{}
*1958ap:Economic Development and Cultural Change#6,3:217-28| Rreprinted in John H. Kautsky,ed., Political Change...: 252-64| “Ideologies of Delayed Industrialization: Some Tensions and Ambiguities”| ((mfgR ekn.bkwess))
In VP9

<>Mayzel,Matitiyahu|
*1979:Osnabruck: Biblio-Verlag| Generals and Revolutionaries: the Russian General Staff during the Revolution; A Study in the Transformation of a Military Elite| ((mlt RREV2 RREV3))

<>Mazour,Anatole. The First Russian Revolution,1825: The Decembrist Movement;Its Origins,Development,and Significance. Stanford: 1961 [Reissue of Berkeley CA: 1937]

<>McCaffray, Susan Purves| a{}
*1996:D.IL:NIUP|>The politics of industrialization in tsarist Russia : the Association of Southern Coal and Steel Producers, 1874-1914| ((RUS2 874:mfg obx,represented nearly 60 firms responsible for RUS most nrg.c and steel production in south, ie=tkh ntg, cptists w/RUS face|RS2 RREV1))

<>McKean,Robert B| a{}n{Dmx3 Dmx4 cst prl
}r{
*1977|>Russian Constitutional Monarchy, 1907-1917
*1990|>St.Petersburg Between the Revolutions: Workers and Revolutionaries, June 1907-February 1917
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Mehlinger,Howard, and John M. Thompson| a{}
|>Count Witte and the Tsarist Government in the 1905 Revolution| (( RREV1 stt.srv|noWbr
STUDENT REVIEW =
The breakdown in Russian politics did not just happen instantly, but was merely a slow erosion of relations with the upper class bourgeoisie, peasantry, and ruling elite. The declining state of affairs in Russia’s political atmosphere led Nicholas II to turn to Sergei Witte to help rescue Russia from its declining state of affairs. Many people are familiar with Witte because his “Witte System” was a mix of financial and economic policies, which were in essence a trial run in state capitalism. People, though, tend to overlook Witte’s role in the Russian government in the early 20th century, which is an interesting time period because of the ensuing elections and new laws being drafted by the Russian government.

One of the main points Mehlinger and Thompson want to emphasize is that the relationship between Witte and Nicholas II was anything but fine and dandy. Witte believed that Tsar Nicholas II only had two options: one was to move along a path of reform and the other was to choose a dictator and try to end the civil unrest by forceful repression. The question of reform and progress has come up many times in Russian history before the early 20th century example. One instance of this comes from Russian serfs and the abolishment of serfdom in 1861. Under Nicholas II and Witte, we now see these former serfs requesting more rights and liberties because of their working conditions and breakdown in government leadership. Witte believed that only by creating situations in which the peasants could exercise their own initiative, could Russian agriculture flourish.

Witte faced many challenges in trying to implement his reform plan because he needed to find a middle ground in policy-making. Witte was caught between two imperatives: one was to see order restored and the other to initiate the reform platform on which he had gained power. The Manifesto of October 17, 1905 saw many mixed reactions between the Russian citizenry, but primarily they were mass demonstrations. Witte’s obstacles were due to some unforeseen circumstances because he far left and right groups would have their qualms about the Manifesto, but he wasn’t expecting such a critical and demanding reaction from the people in the middle. Witte, himself, is at partial blame for this response to the Manifesto because he appointed some leaders that were not going to help his cause and cause more grief instead.

Mehlinger and Thompson use the first chapter of the book to introduce the situation and the man that was ultimately given the responsibility to fix the conditions in Russia, Sergei Witte. They move on to describe the October 17 Manifesto and the first few weeks of Witte’s government, where he puts his government and cabinet together. The reader begins to realize, at this point, that the Russian government was full of factional politics and no matter who Witte relied on, others would have valid arguments against them. The second half of the book deals with the peasant question and the different strategies and reform plans Witte went over to deal with the peasant problem. Additionally, the book deals with the “loan” that saved Russia in 1905, when the Russian government borrowed a half million francs from the French. Mehlinger and Thompson believe that this loan was somewhat a temporary fix to a larger financial problem, which would all come down to the eventual 1917 revolution. The book ends with the actual results of the election to the first duma and how the whole process worked. I found the election process very confusing and jumbled because the authors bring in some groups that were never mentioned, until the election chapters. However, the election data and chapters show how wide the split was between political groups and the importance of the people that voted and/or were eligible to vote in the election.

Overall, one must understand the situation Witte was in. Witte was a man that believed in autocracy, but realized that Russia needed to become more democratic to achieve progress. Mehlinger and Thompson’s book does a good job of emphasizing the role Witte played in running Russian politics and how that led to the elections of the First Duma. In trying to balance inside government influence and doing what was right for the Russian populous, Witte was put in a sticky situation and was basically destined to face criticism, no matter which side he supported more.
))

<>Mints,I. I. Istoriia Velikogo Oktiabria. 3 vols. MVA: 1967-1973

<>Mironov,Boris N| a{}
|>Istorik i matematika:matematicheskie metody v istoricheskoi issledovanii|LGR:1975| ((D16.M66| xtx trx|svt pst on Khlebnye tseny v Rossii za dva stoletiia,XVIII-XIX vv. LGR:1985 & Vnutrennyi rynok Rossii vo vtoroi polovine XVIII--pervoi polovine XIX v. LGR:1981(HF3625.M57)))
|>Istorik i sotsiologiia|LGR:1984| ((HM36.M66| xtx trx))
*1985fa:SlR#44:438-67| “The Russian Peasant Commune After the Reforms of the 1860s”| ((krx.rfm vlg.o))
| “Sem'ia: Nuzhno li ogliadyvat'sia v proshloe?”| V chelovecheskom izmerenii (Several subtitles: Perestroika:glasnost' demokratiia sotsializm; Vyite iz korolevstva krivykh zerkal; Demograficheskii isk; Instituty dlia liudei ili liudi dlia institutov? [MVA:Progress,1989]):226-46| ((xrx fmy vlg.o krx Grb))
|>Sotsial’naia istoriia Rossii??
|>The Social History of Imperial Russia, 1700-1917 | ((Reginald Zelnik review [2001de:AHA#106,5] = Hard as it is to summarize so long and rich a scholarly work, the thread that seems to run through the story Mironov wants to tell looks something like this: Russia was, at least potentially, a “normal” European country, but a European country that was not lacking in important peculiarities, including what is sometimes described as the relative backwardness of its economic, social, and political development. To use Mironov's language, Russia experienced all the important developments in these areas, but they were “a-synchronic” (asinkhronnye) in the way they evolved. Russia's peculiarities, most of which are familiar to specialists, are not presented as virtues (in Slavophile style) but as obstacles or impediments to a broad and balanced “social modernization,” an outcome whose positive value Mironov has no wish to deny. But these were obstacles that could be mastered with time, and Mironov goes to great pains to help us follow the sometimes tortuous but nonetheless rapid processes that suggest that the obstacles were being genuinely if (on the eve of world war and revolution) incompletely overcome. At the same time, he is too honest a historian to ignore the contradictory, more depressing, “pessimist” evidence of incomplete modernization and continued, even growing, social tension and political crisis, so much so that one can read whole paragraphs—his discussion of the civilizing of the Russian village versus the partial “peasantization” of the Russian city is a good case in point—that seem to take opposite positions, or at least to produce conflicting moods and expectations in the reader as one moves from page to page. In the still contested (if by now somewhat hoary) debate over the degree of influence of close peasant background on the social and political volatility of industrial workers, Mironov judiciously explains the case for each side but ends up with something resembling a neo-Menshevik position: that peasant disrespect for private, individual wealth, and peasant attachment to collectivist institutions and habits help explain the rapid rise of working class radicalism and indifference to market-based liberalism in the early twentieth century. For this and many other reasons, Mironov's admittedly forceful case for Russia's evolution toward a “normal” European form of social and political life is undermined by an equally forceful if at times reluctant recognition of significant evidence to the contrary. If, as he concludes, the October Revolution was in some respects an “anti-modernist” rebellion, then popular resistances to the Europeanizing processes that he values weaken the case for the approaching advent of “normality.”
))

<>Mitrany,David| a{}n{}o{plt.trx irx [ID]
}r{
*1951|>Marx against the Peasant: A Study in Social Dogmatism| ((In eastern Europe, peasant, or village-based, political cultures came to the forefront in the years after WW1, but were defeated by radical nationalist governments (of a distinctly fascistic sort). Many of these rural political cultures gained life again in the years after WW2, only to be defeated now by Soviet-style communist regimes ))
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Mohrenschildt,Dmitri| a{}
*1978oc:RRe#37,4:387-404| “Shchapov: Exponent of Regionalism and the Federal School in Russian History”| ((WwaAP hst.gph gbx fdr))
*1981:Rutherford, Farlleigh Dickinson UP|>Toward a United States of Russia: Plans and Projects of Federal Reconstruction of Russia in the Nineteenth Century| ((USA2.cst fdr plt.clt lbx))

<>Moore,Barrington,Jr| a{}
*1950:C.MA|>Soviet Politics: The Dilemma of Power; The Role of Ideas in Social Change| ((SSR.stt idl pbl| ch11:“The Organization of Authority”:247-76| Comparison of fxn plt tUt in USA & ENG parliament [262-3] But fxn cannot simply be 1 pzn:264 plt give & take does not occur in open tUt setting in SSR| BUT ch goes on to expose how incredible the presumption of single-person decision-making must be| Totalitarian model dominant here,but Moore too smart to be fully drawn into it| Compare w/M’s Liberal Politics))
*1958:C.MA|>Political Power and Social Theory: Six Studies| ((HM201.M6| xrx 8x11 Wbr| rx plt.scs))
*1966:B.MA|>Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: Lord and Peasant in the Making of the Modern World| ((HN15.M775| RREV.trx bbl [525] contains Wbr,Entwicklungstendenzen| NB! great USA2.REV ch. “The American Civil War: The Last Capitalist Revolution”:111-155| While book promises RUS,it shys away from that topic,so central to the larger theme))
*1978:White Plains NY|>Injustice: The Social Bases of Obedience and Revolt| ((UO| xrx REV rdg|REV.trx))
*1989no15:N.NY:Harriman Institute |>Liberal Prospects under Soviet Socialism: A Comparative Historical Perspective| First Annual W. Averell Harriman Lecture| ((30p OWN lbx Grb rfm| ~~w/M’s Sov.Politics))

<>Nechkina, M. V., ed. Russia in the Nineteenth Century. Volume II of the History of Russia. Ann Arbor:1953. DK188.8.N418 1976| ndr.txt

<>Neuberger,Joan|
*1993:Berkeley|>Hooliganism: Crime, Culture, and Power in St. Petersburg, 1900-1914| ((crm RREV1))
*1994|>CiF

<>Nichols, Robert L., and Theofanis G. Stavrou, eds.Russian Orthodoxy under the Old Regime. Minneapolis:1978. BX491.R87| sbr.ndr

<>Nochlin,Linda| a{}
|>The Politics of Vision: Essays on Nineteenth-century Art and Society|:| ((91de:to be rvw- in TLS| gnr trx obx plt.clt.gnr xdj.plt))

<>Obolonskii,Aleksandr Valentin*| a{
}r{
*1987|:MVA, Nauka|>Chelovek i gosudarstvennoe upravlenie| ((KM.O1274c 1987 | 252p| At head of title: Akademiia nauk SSSR. Institut gosudarstva i prava| lwx plt.clt stt.apx))
*1994:MVA, In-t gosudarstva i prava [RAkN]|>Drama rossiiskoi politicheskoi istorii: Sistema protiv lichnosti| ((DK61 .O26 | bbl:339-52| tlng into ENG!| plt.clt stt&pbl))
--|The Drama of Russian Political History
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Owen,Thomas C| a{}
*1975:JGO#23,1:26-38| “The Moscow Merchants and the Public P??,1858-1868”| ((kpq tpg))
*1981:C.ENG, CUP|>Capitalism and Politics in Russia: A Social History of the Moscow Merchants,1855-1905| ((|>OCP| part xrx 8x11| HF3625.O93| ekn pbl kpq dvr MVA RUS3| p22 (uses Wbr def. of cpt & says it fits wltiest 1 & 2 gld kpq of RUS| Quotes General Econ History [N.NY:1927]:276-8 dealing w/MVA kpq & mfg discontent w/autocracy frm 890:91;famine ~~w/Zmv lbx grew| “In Weberian terms, the rationalism implicit in modern cptism--the need for impartial and predictable rules--more and more conflicted with the arbitrariness of the autocratic system.” [166]
STUDENT REVIEW #1 =
The prestige of the merchants and manufacturers in Russia steadily grew in the late 19th and early 20th century despite an economy heavily depended on its agriculture. To understand the growth of the industrial elite from the traditional agrarian state, I chose to read Thomas C. Owen’s Capitalism and Politics in Russia. To sum up the overall economic picture prior to 1858, out of a total population of 62 million persons, only 6 to 10 percent comprised of merchants (Owen 2). Yet, in the mid 19th century, a transformation began with the leading merchant families as economic education progressed throughout the generations. To better break down the evolution, Owen’s breaks down the progress into three stages: from the first traditional merchants, to capital merchants and finally after the Revolution of 1905, a class-conscious bourgeoisie.

The traditional merchants struggle in the early 19th century was ultimately a result of lack of education. Unlike the West at this time, the Russian merchants shunned both commercial education and modern management techniques. The furthest point of education was said to end at the book of Psalms. As a result, business practices were backwards, unethical and simply idiotic. Owen’s reported that they kept their business numbers in their heads without any system of bookkeeping. The traditional merchant society as a whole struggled in the early 19th century. In the end, it took a rude awakening for any progress to be made.

The next transformation, to capital merchants occurred in 1854 as the British and the French invaded the Crimea, part of the Russian homeland. The Russians found their fleet of sailing ships to be no match for the British and French steam-powered gunboats. On top of this, Russians lack of railroad to the Crimea prevented any reinforcements from reaching the battlefront (Owen 30). The disastrous war opened the eyes of the merchant elites and it became clear that change was needed. As a result, Russia turned to the Slavophile intellectuals with the goal to modernize Russia’s backwards economy (Owen 43). Following the war, commercial, financial, light industrial and transportation enterprises flourished with governmental aid (Owen 53). As the economy began to improve, the merchants began to wish for their economic independence from the state. However, for their continued prosperity, the merchants increasingly grew dependent on the state because of the protective tariff, financial support for corporations and banks, and subsidies for shipping companies and railroads (Owen 69). Yet, the drive towards self-sufficiency continued while the state’s policies began to shift in the merchants favor.

By turn of the 20th century economic progress continued to prosper due to the states continued support of the railroad systems and increased tariffs. For the first time, merchant children were born into as high of a pedigree as the nobles (Owen 139). However, as the industries capitalized on the success built off the state, trouble began to arise. Issues over labor rights became a hot topic as strikes turned violent throughout many factories across all of Russia. On top of this, by 1904, merchant leaders occupied positions all along the political spectrum across the state government. Success arose because of the state, but new ideology began shifting the playing field.

The beginning of 1905 began fiery times. On January 9, 1905 innocent workers were shot down at a peaceful protest outside of a factory in St. Petersburg. As a result of the fatal shootings, famously known as “Bloody Sunday”, erupted political movement among the merchant elite. The autocratic state did help the merchants rise to power, but at the same time, they felt the states’ tight control was holding them back. Change was near as the liberal elite, all the way to the radical elite, allied together to rid the obstacle of the Russian state towards economic and social progress. The solution outlined was to create a constitutional monarch led by a legislative Duma to ultimately overrule the supreme power. The Tsar was pushed against the wall. As a result, Sergei Witte wrote the October Manifesto to destroy the united opposition by promising a new order based on full civil freedoms (of speech, press, religion, assembly, association, and personal inviolability, universal suffrage, and a Duma with the power to approve or reject legislation and to supervise the bureaucracy (Owen 191). Tsar Nicholas II quickly signed the manifesto. Violent revolution was averted.

Lives were saved as a result of the manifesto. The united politicians were overcome with joy. Owen’s claimed older members in the Duma broke down in tears when they heard the news (Owen 192). The majority of the population believed in the new system as the right step needed towards a progressive, successful future. At first the industrialists targeted to overthrow the Tsar, in the end though, it was they who salvaged his power and his life.

The Revolution of 1905 brought together the generation of merchant leaders, as Owen’s calls as a new “mature, class-conscious bourgeoisie” (Owen 206). However, the bourgeoisie knew their struggle was not over because of the dominant economy of Western Europe. The merchants still had to rely on the state to protect their own markets by the use of tariffs and the continued aid of the developing railroads. It is true they did not become completely independent. However, in the end the merchant elite came together and gained the rights that were needed to prosper into the 20th century.

STUDENT REVIEW #2 =
The merchant class of Russia developed into a class with a bit of political influence. The rise of the merchant class, as well as their influence, acted as a catalyst for many political as well as social struggles within Russia in the period before and during 1905.

Before 1855, the Merchant class of Russia was based upon a system of patriarchal business tradition. The heads of merchant families conducted day to day business based on person to person relationships rather than practical commercial transactions. These men were the head of the family, which meant they had the last say in every matter that had to do with business or the family. Their educational background was based upon Orthodox religion rather than business or commercial practices. An obligation to run for public service and the potential to lose one’s trade license due to unpaid guild fees, discouraged the early merchant class from breaking with traditional business practices, which retarded the estate’s growth. However, a healthy backing and promise of protection from the Russian government helped the Russian merchants not fall to the competition of the European markets.

In 1855 this all began to change. The old, traditional, patriarchal merchant class gave way to the sons of that generation who began to take over the head of the household. These new merchants were better educated, more savvy in the ways of business, and did not hold as true to the distrust of Western commercial technology. This catapulted the Russian merchants into a period of growth and innovation. Over the next 40 years, economic growth continued and the merchant class only grew stronger politically as the government realized that it needed to heed the merchants’ demands, since their economic growth was essential to national power. Signs of an emerging bourgeois were apparent. Merchants were becoming increasingly critical in Russian society because of the money they controlled. They would never become as powerful as the Western bourgeoisies, mainly because of their numbers, but nevertheless had vast wealth.

The increase in industry and economy led to the emergence of a social class new to Russia, the paid laborer. Disputes arose between the lower classes and their employers and soon political lines were drawn. The merchants largely wished to rely on the repressive might of the government to put down disturbances, whereas the liberals were willing to cede concessions to the workers. These struggles and calls for social reform would continue all the way into the early 1900’s and would dominate Russian political culture for 50 years.

“Capitalism and Politics in Russia” was an eloquent portrayal of the rise and development of the merchant class as a social and political force in the mid and late 19^th century. Owen concentrates on the process of change the merchants go through from before 1855 into the early 20^th century, but he also dedicates much of the book to the development of the political ideology within the merchant class and its effects on Russia and her social classes.
))

<>Peregudov,Sergei| a{}
*1993my01:Sociological research#32,3:6-| “Civil Society As a Political Phenomenon”| ((UNCOVER NWO cvc.pbl plt))

<>Perrie,Maureen|
*1972:P&P#57:134f| “The Russian Peasant Movement of 1905-1907: Its Social Composition and Revolutionary Significance”| ((krx.mvt))
*1976:C.ENG, CUP|>The Agrarian Policy of the Russian Socialist-Revolutionary Party from its Origins through the Revolution of 1905-1907| ((RREV1 SRs skz krx))

<>Petro,Nicolai N| a{
}r{
*1990su:WWQ#14,3:114-122| “Toward a New Russian Federation”| ((dms| Grb fdr ntn plt.pty stt&pbl| See also:21 rvw of Tismaneanu))
*1995|>Rebirth of Russian Democracy: An Interpretation of Political Culture
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Pipes,Richard| a{}
*1954:C.MA|>Formation of the Soviet Union: Communism and Nationalism,1917-1923| ((DK266.P53))
*1955ap:World Politics#3/7:371-401| “Max Weber and Russia”| ((D839.W57| OWN xrx| Wbr RUS| Mommsen,WbrP:56| Rests heavily on Mayer,Wbr| :22,re. patrimonial dominance (Wbr,Theory:318; & W&G)| Here Wbr seen as a more finished Hobbes| Dominance based on tradition,but highly personal| “Sultanism” in its most extreme form| “...the economic element absorbs,as it were,the political.” [Earlier:20,Wtt model fully misunderstood,set aside| Pipes takes gnr proposition of Wtt & ignores WOD,chs. 9-10,where specific applications to RUS--“semi-Asiatic”--fully spelled out.] Another Pipes citation:198,Wbr on city:None in RUS but NVG & PSK))
*1960:RRe#19,4:316-337| “Russian Marxism and Its Populist Background: The late Nineteenth Century”| ((Mrx ppl SDs))
*1963:C.MA|>Social Democracy and the St. Petersburg Labor Movement, 1885-1897| ((HX312.P55| SDs prl SPB Mrx))
*1964:SlR#3:441-458| “Narodnichestvo: A Semantic Inquiry”| ((OWN ndr ppl hst.gph))
*1968| “Origins of Bolshevism: Intellectual Evolution of Young Lenin”| In Pipes.RR ((chd))
*1970:1980; C.MA|>Struve| v1: “Liberal on the Left,1870-1905”| v2:“Liberal on the Right,1905-1944”| ((lbx RREV1 Mrx plt| xrx re.Wbr))
*1981c:|>U. S. Soviet Relations in the Era of Detente| ((prm CWX))
*2005:|>Russian conservatism and its critics: A study in political culture| ((>Pipes.cnx idl plt.clt
STUDENT REVIEW =
This piece was published shortly after Russian Political Scholar Richard Pipes delivered his lectures to an audience at Harvard University. This particular publishing touches on the inevitable tension and reality that was conservatism in Russian Political Culture. Pipes is credited to being one of the main scholars that focuses on this notion of conservatism. And it is important to remember that during the time of the mid-nineteenth century, Russia’s Political scheme (and social structure) was influenced and ultimately defined by this sense of Conservatism among the state.

At the beginning of his lectures, Pipes clearly explains to his audience the definition of “Russian Conservatism,” as contrasted to other familiar worldwide definitions. Where the US state defines conservatism as “applying less government” into the political agenda, the Russian culture during the mid-nineteenth century saw conservatism as applying “more government” into the political scheme. This is the focal point that we must remember when studying the big picture behind Russian political culture leading up to the 1905 and 1917 revolutionary eras.

However, throughout his lectures Pipes jumps to many points that are seemingly supposed to defend this point of Russian conservatism. This makes the lectures hard to follow, read, and draw together for our own understanding. Throughout his lectures, Pipes discusses the role of the individual state powers (including Alexander II), the church, and even the rural classes in response to the increasing autocratic government. This proves as a flaw in his presentation because it makes it increasingly harder to point out the significant points that proved Russian political culture to be what it was. If there were anything that could be rendered in the publication, it would have to be organization. Although, in a lecture setting it would be difficult to organize it in an ideal manner so we must work with what we have.

With every main argument there is a root or theme that ties the whole effort together. And so when studying the big picture behind Russian Political Culture, it is imperative to ask ourselves, “What is the main point we must reference back to when painting the giant picture?” Pipes states this point that Russian conservatism is clearly marked by the increase in government policies in the land. This ultimately led several outbreaks in the rural classes including the rise of the intelligentsia, Litfond, Literary societies, and the Primary Education advocacy groups. And so, Pipes’ lectures serve the purpose of providing us with a landmark of where we can draw back on when explaining the big picture behind Russian Political Culture.
))

<>Pipes,Richard, ed|
*1968:|>Revolutionary Russia: A Symposium| ((>Pipes.RR| sbr.ndr RREV2 RREV3
))

<>Pisotkin,M. I| a{}
|>Sotsializm i gosudarstvennoe upravlenie: Uroki istorii i perestroika|Second ed|MVA:Nauka,1988| ((HC335.P428 |335p| Grb stt.apx tUt gvt hst.gph plt.clt))

<>Poe,Marshall| a{
}r{
--| The Russian Moment in World History| Argues three main points = (1) For centuries, Russia was the only non-Western power to defend itself against Western imperialism. (2) Russia carved out for itself the only non-Western path to modern society, neither European nor Asian but distinctly Russian and based on autocratic governmental authority and command economics. (3) The Soviet era must be seen as a natural continuation of Russia's long-term past, i.e., points one and two. Does this argument apply also to post-Soviet Russia?

<>Pomper,Philip| a{}
|>Lenin,Trotsky, and Stalin: The Intelligentsia and Power|CUP:1990| ((|446p| Lnn Trt Stl RREV STL rvs.ntg RUS3))
|>Peter Lavrov and the Russian Revolutionary Movement|C.IL:1972| ((rvs ppl RS2 LvrP bxo))
|>The Russian Revolutionary Intelligentsia|N.NY:1970| ((rvs ntg idl RUS3))
|>Sergei Nechaev|New Brunswick NJ:1979| ((rvs RS2 NqvS))

<>Porter, Thomas Earl| a{}
|>The Zemstvo and the Emergence of Civil Society in Late Imperial Russia, 1864-1917| Edwin Mellen Press| ((Four titles by Porter in SUMMIT, including UW dissertation and a 2001 DWT Papers pbc| Zmv cvl.pbl))

<>Putnam,George| a{}
*1965je:SEER#43,101:335-353| “Russian Liberalism Challenged from Within: Bulgakov and Berdyayev in 1904-5”| ((lbx idl cnx RREV1))
--|Russian Alternatives to Marxism.

<>Raeff,Marc| a{
}r{
*1952jy:RRe#11:157-67| “A Reactionary Liberal:M. N. Katkov”| ((ntg lbx rxn idl))
*1959jy:RRe#18:218-30| “Some Reflections on Russian Liberalism”| ((ntg lbx| Must distinguish:rdx lbx cnx rxn| How avoid blur:219-20| Different approaches| Discount rigid definition or absolute def:220-21| Likes “pragmatic methods” but has to discard it:221-2| In RUS lbx gnry meant anti.autocracy & bureaucracy [vs.mnx TSR qin srv| NB! R does not list here ChxR] Method may be best def yet:therefore it is negative in RUS [anti this & that] & tended not to be able to distinguish itself frm rdx~))
*1971:NYC|>Imperial Russia, 1682-1825:The Coming of Age of Modern Russia| Series:Borzoi History of Russia, v4| ((DK127.R24| ndr gnr.txt))
*1979ap:AHR#84:399-411| “The Bureaucratic Phenomena of Imperial Russia,1700-1905”| ((stt srv))
*1984:N.NY|>Understanding Imperial Russia: State and Society in the Old Regime| TBy Arthur Goldhammer| Foreword by John Keep| ((DK113.R3413| trx stt&pbl))
*1990:OXP|>Russia Abroad: A Cultural History of the Russian Emigration,1919-1939| ((gte 256p))
*1993:Political studies#41 spec:93-??| “The People, the Intelligentsia, and Russian Political Culture”| ((ntg plt.clt))
--|>Collected Historical Articles and Essays| 2vv
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Raleigh,Donald J. Revolution on the Volga: 1917 in Saratov. Ithaca NY: 1986

<>Read,Christopher| a{}
*1979:Totowa NJ|>Religion, Revolution and the Russian Intelligentsia,1900-1912: The Vekhi Debate and its Intellectual Background| ((BL980.R8r4| ntg rvs rlg cnx idl RREV1|??Excerpt in Coquin,1905:385-96
STUDENT REVIEW =
The Russian intelligentsia of the late 19^th and early 20^th centuries was a circle within the educated classes that was committed to creative work, critical thought and the addressing the conditions of the oppressed classes. By the 1890s, the majority of the intelligentsia had moved from populism to Marxism and had adopted a revolutionary stance which included atheism, socialism and within the Kadet Party, constitutionalism. There had been a euphoric response to the revolution of 1905 and the resulting October Manifesto but that response gave way to despair with the autocratic crack down in 1906. The intelligentsia was at a crossroads. No one accepted the status quo of the autocratic state and all were agreed in the goals of social justice but the intelligentsia was split over the tactics to accomplish the transformation of society. The Vekhi essays challenged the religious and philosophical presuppositions of the intelligentsia.

Vekhi (Landmarks) was a small book comprised of seven essays written by previous Marxists who were critical of revolutionary solutions. The writers were: Berdyaev, Frank, Bulgakov, Izgoev, Kistyakovsky, Struve and Gershenzon. Read insists that this was not a conservative book but was often treated as one. The writers attempted to persuade the intelligentsia to re-examine their uncritical faith in the ability of socialism to transform society by changing social structures and institutions. Each writer, in his own way, proposed spiritual change (the individual’s inner life) as the source of revolutionary transformation of society. Most of the writers argued that Marxism was a religious position; the worship of the people, the saving of the people and ultimately (messianic qualities) the perfectibility of the people. This notion was called mangodhood or godbuilders. Vekhi insisted that this ideology of the intelligentsia was as religious, dogmatic, intolerant and fanatical as Orthodoxy. The Vekhi writers can be separated into three groups: the new religious consciousness, Kadet Party, and despisers of the revolutionary underground.

In the first years, Vekhi sparked interest from liberals and socialist. The interest was almost entirely negative. Discussion groups packed meeting halls throughout Russia. Lenin used Vekhi for propaganda purposes. He connected Vekhi with the Kadet Party and accused them of counter revolutionary liberalism which only served the interest of the status quo. By 1910 the interest in Vekhi had waned. Many historians see Vekhi as an attempt to raise the political dialogue and construct an authentic political response to the times; one that acknowledged the religious quality of the Russian people and addressed the class oppression.

There is a great deal of detail in this account. Read describes the various groups in the new religious consciousness. He goes into a lot of detail in his discussion of Berdyaev and Bogdanov and their concept of Godmanhood. He is able to demonstrate the ability Lenin had to keep the party focused and disciplined while being attacked from both the right and the left. Anyone interested in the political thinking of artists in this time period will enjoy reading excerpts from Gorky, Minsky and Merezhkovsky (pp.121-140.)
))
*1990:B.ENG, M|>Culture and Power in Revolutionary Russia: The Intelligentsia and the Transition from Tsarism to Communism| ((DK266.4.R43| ntg clt RREV SSR RUS3| 266p)
*2002:The Historical Journal#45,1:195-210| “IN SEARCH OF LIBERAL TSARISM : THE HISTORIOGRAPHY OF AUTOCRATIC DECLINE” [TXT]

<>Remington,Thomas F|
*1984:Pittsburgh PA: UPP|>Building Socialism in Bolshevik Russia: Ideology and Industrial Organization,1917-1921| ((mfg bzn.apx))
*1985fa:SlR#??| “Politics and Professionalism in Soviet Journalism”|

<>Riasanovsky,Nicholas| a{}
*1976:OXP|>A Parting of Ways: Government and the Educated Public in Russia, 1801-1855
STUDENT REVIEW =
The early 19th Century is a time period when Nicholas Riasanovsky sees the first signs of divide in the relationship and discourse between Russia’s autocratic government and the nation’s intellectual elites that eventually fed the climate of upheaval and revolution that characterized much of Russia’s 19th and early 20th century political culture. In A Parting of Ways, Riasanovsky traces the origins of this split beginning from the Petrine reforms of the early 18th century when Peter the Great’s westernizing reforms signaled to Riasanovsky the beginnings of modern Russian educated opinion. This period also represented the beginning of enlightened despotism in Russia as tsarist rule became influenced by the European enlightenment and was closely aligned with the growth of the intellectual gentry as both groups shared common progressive goals and outlooks. Being a part of this educated class meant being aware of European ideas and systems and represented only a small fraction of Russian society as both the merchant and peasant classes were excluded from this characteristically aristocratic group.

With the second wave of enlightenment, that occurred in 1801 with the ascension of Alexander I to tsar, hints and promises of serf reform and most importantly a Constitution further increased expectations among the educated gentry. However, Riasanovsky notes the initial rift in the relationship between the government and educated public occurred during the second half of tsar Alexander’s rule as his initial hints at major reforms failed to come to fruition as the ideology of enlightened despotism increasingly became reactionary. This initial rift caused by the inaction to live up to the anticipated reforms was highlighted by the Decembrist societies, whose members were culturally educated leaders of elite military regiments [mlt] who radically responded with revolting force in response to the failed promises of constitutionalism that ultimately resulted in the disastrous 1825 Decembrist revolt. The mutual alignment in the relationship and aspirations between the two sides that characterized the period of enlightened despotism, soon gave rise to subsequent alienation, as reaction and restoration became the official ideology.

Riasanovsky denotes much of his analysis to the reign of tsar Nicholas I whose conservative rule of reaction and restoration further split the discourse and sense of allegiance between the government and the educated public. Nicholas’s rule was termed Official Ideology as emphasis was placed on restoring the three principles of religion, authority, and tradition in efforts to quiet the intellectual segment of Russian society. The policies of Official Ideology under Nicholas’s rule represented an important theme in Riasanovsky’s examination as he highlights the intensive steps token by the Russian autocracy to reassert dominant control over Russian society. Revolutionary events throughout Europe and the 1825 Decembrist Revolt contributed to Nicholas’s desire to restore the divine and unalienable appearance of the autocracy. Among the steps of restoration noted by Riasanovsky included the controlled curriculum in schools that were taught to the tsar’s specifications and education was advised not to exceed one’s social position. Additionally, the Official Nationality ranked the Russian public in order as Christians, loyal subjects, and Russians, reasserting the autocracy’s control over Russian society as well as loyalty to the tsar.

However, the conservative policies of Official Ideology further fueled the alienation of the educated gentry as Riasanovsky notes a changing ideology among the group. Detachment from western European culture and ideas, growing concerns over the system of serfdom serving as the center of the Russian economic system, and a growing university and journalistic system that inspired and spread added criticisms toward the government were among the new concerns of the educated elites that estranged them from the government. Romanticism is also an important ideology that took prevalence in the educated gentry discord as early ideology from the Age of Reason were replaced by romanticism goals that spoke to people’s hopes and became a driving force in calls for revolution and change.

The inaction and policies of restoration on the half of the autocracy and the changing ideology of the educated gentry are reasons cited by Riasanovsky for the severing in the discourse and alignment between the two sides that had existed from the time of the Petrine reforms until the second half of Alexander’s rule. Riasanovsky thus provides the outline and reasoning for the initial rift between the influential Russian educated gentry and the government.
))

<>Riha,Thomas| a{}
--|A Russian European: Paul Miliukov…| ((MlkP lbx KDs
STUDENT REVIEW =
This biographical piece serves as a chronicle of the life of prominent political moderate and founder of the Kadet party, Pavel (Paul) Miliukov. Riha allows his readers to glean insight on Miliukov’s career by having his audience view him as a dynamic and complex figure. As the reader comes to know Miliukov in this work, two men emerge: Miliukov the Historian, and Miliukov the Politician. Miliukov’s identity as a Russian European – after the 1917 revolution – is here realized as an amalgamation of his academic and political character.

The beginning of Miliukov’s political career ostensibly began while he attended Moscow University. During that period of time he became chairman of the student court, and found a journalistic home in the periodical Russkaia Mysl. While at the University he also wrote a well received piece (his dissertation) on Peter the Great and the ways in which he came to be Europeanized. He later transitioned into the wider realm of Russian politics whereupon he came to be viewed as a figure of restraint, caution and compromise. He ultimately comes to be viewed by Riha as a politician of moderate tendencies who ‘flip-flops’ between allegiances that best tend to suit his liberal intentions during the periods of (and in between) revolution.

Riha divides Miliukov’s political life into three phases: “the revolution of 1905-7, the decade following, and the year 1917” (Riha 333). His began his career looking for ways to remedy domestic problems within Russia and then, when the problems he sought to rectify (e.g. the implementation of a constitution that allowed co-operation between the monarch and a legislative assembly elected under restricted suffrage) turn to naught, he began to look toward issues involving foreign policy. He developed pacifistic views regarding aforementioned policy, but these views proved to work to his detriment politically by the year of 1917. During the period of the Balkan Wars, Miliukov’s leftist foreign sentiment began to gravitate to a more right-wing belligerency, as he came to favor the war. Some interesting questions here were raised in the text: was Miliukov a hypocrite in this respect? Where did his interests lie?

As it seems evident in Rhia’s work, Miliukov’s factional allegiance ultimately lied with his liberally inclined group, the Kadets, but he and the Kadets had a fickle tendency to shift their perspective along the political spectrum as moderates. As Miliukov was a moderate at heart, when the Duma would come to view an issue from an overtly right-wing or, alternatively, revolutionary standpoint, he would often promote a stance that would try to remedy/moderate the right or left-wing excess. Miliukov stated himself: “[o]ne of the common phenomena of these revolutions is the successive passage of power from the hands of the moderate factions to those of others, with more extreme ideas” (Riha 327). Part and parcel of Miliukov’s job as a politician (and the Kadets’ job as a political force) was to attempt reconcile all of the fractional chaos present during and between times of revolution. As they could not lead because of their impartiality, Riha states, “[c]aught in the middle the Kadets could at best mediate” (Riha 337). So at the time of their disbandment, the legacy they (and Miliukov) left behind was one that both attempted to counter the revolution and extremism; their purpose was to democratize (Europeanize?) Russia using mutual agreement as a precept. A Russian European is a work that looks at a history of factionalism and also, of failure, both realized and reconciled through an important look at the self proclaimed rationalist Pavel Miliukov.
))

<>Robinson,G.T| a{}
--|Rural Russia under the Old Regime| ((krx
STUDENT REVIEW =
Robinson begins the history of the Russian peasant situation in the 16th century. At this point in time serfdom was rearing its head as a result of increasing numbers of people being bound to the land in some way or another. Omitting the vast amount of details Robinson includes up to the end of the 18th century that have no relevance to our time period of focus, I started summarizing the book where the author describes the peasant conditions of the early 19th century. Landowners were allowed to make serfs work three days a week except Sunday and holidays according to the recent work week law passed by the government. Around this time period the redistribution of lands to communes begins “a manifestation of collectivism,” in Robinson’s view. By the middle of the century serfs were seen as a necessary element in order to keep the land producing. This caused an interesting phenomenon that is noted in the time period from 1854-59. The sale of lands with serfs greatly exceeds those of lands without serfs. At this point politicians and Russian national leaders (and even some serfs who were catching on) are beginning to see the balance of leverage shift towards the peasantry. Seeing the writing on the wall, Tsar Alexander II, proclaims in 1856 that “It were better that emancipation come from the top as opposed to the bottom.” The ramifications and implications of this statement are somewhat straight forward. The peasant force was being viewed as a group that was going inevitably to receive concessions from their oppressive brothers. In 1861 the peasants are emancipated, but this does not necessarily mean that there quality of living changed as a group. Other things did change though. A good example of this is their participation in the national and local governments. Because of economic disparities and hierarchies within the local governments there begins to be some degree of separation within the peasant class. Some could argue that emancipation also caused a large enough group to come together in order to allow the possibility of several factions. Despite this, and who is to say it is necessarily a bad thing, the peasants begin forming Volosts, which are the heads of groups of communities in the same regional volost. The leaders from the volosts would represent the peasants in the Zemstvos which were institutions put in place by the Tsar. Between 1861 and 1905 the peasantry undergoes many social and political changes. At this point in the book (Ch 5, 6, 7) Robinson is basically saying they became more proactive in their own political interests and organized along social lines. During this forty-five year time period the peasant bloc is experiencing resistance from the nobility and the Tsar. In fact it is more complicated than that. The Tsar and the nobility are more or less struggling to gain the support of the peasantry against the other. This creates a three way interaction between the groups. Also in regard to some legislation the Tsar and the Duma or earlier, the nobility, team up to pass various reactionary laws in order to slow the collection of power by the peasants. These included economic as well as political maneuvers. This is a gross oversimplification of this topic, but Robinson does a good job with the material.

One other very large concept or movement that Robinson dissected was the Agrarian movement. He argues that some historians believe that the revolution of 1905 was a continuance of the grievances of 1902 that spilled over into later years and was never really solved one way or (politically speaking) the other, until 1917. The basic and fundamental cause was a lack of grain or food. Unfortunately this caused the peasants to react violently. During times like these (when the peasants forcibly took control of manor houses and massacred the families) the government would attempt to give concessions or placate the peasantry, but the main problem with this strategy was that could not determine what would3 please them as a whole without giving them the whole country. By and large the peasants wanted more land. This does not mean that giving some peasants land made other peasants complacent. In fact in some instances more problems arose from peasants feeling that as members of the same class the government could not treat them differently. This is where the concept of communism comes into historical orbit. Robinson indirectly questions whether the communes’ organization and establishment decades previous had anything to do with this idea of one class.

Robinson conveys his belief that there are two critical time periods that contributed to social and political of the peasantry. The first is from 1861-1905 and the second is from 1905-1917. When I first read this I sort of thought it should just be one time period considering its chronological position in time, but after I read more Robinson states multiple reasons why these two time periods are different and without the first one the second would never have materialized. Without the social organizations from the 1860’s and 70’s the turn of the century political parties of the peasants would not have existed. Another major change was the communication between the various classes and authorities. This allowed the Bolsheviks to ally with the peasants the correct government agencies in order to survive the revolution.
))

<>Roeder,Philip G|
*1991ja01:World politics#:| “Soviet Federalism and Ethnic Mobilization”| ((UNCOVER ntn fdr))
*1993:P.NJ, PUP|>Red Sunset: The Failure of Soviet Politics| ((jn6511.r44 plt.clt:14-16| Roeder “privileges” politics, he is “objectivist” [his term] looking at tUt~ rather than “subjectivist” [who privilege plt.clt IDL & learning]))

<>Rogger,Hans| a{}n{cnx rxn FSC}
*1964:CSS#3:66-94| “The Formation of the Russian Right,1900-1906”
*1964de:JMH#36:398-415| “Was There a Russian Fascism? The Union of Russian People”
*1966je:JGO#14:195-212| “Reflections on Russian Conservatism“
*1983:|>Russia in the Age of Modernisation and Revolution, 1881-1917| ((gnr.txt))

<>Root,Hilton L| a{}
|>Peasant and King in Burgundy: Agrarian Foundations of French Absolutism| UCB:1987| ((HD1536.F8r66| Melton recommend| gnr trx obx krx lnd mnx stt| Confirms Tcq argument that stt replacd dvr as primary plt force| Unlike Tcq,R sd strong stt “actually increased the power of the community” [12] Royal apx promoted collective ownership of prperty & collective responsibility fr debts in order to extract good and service frm krx| “the crp vlg became a vital component of the centralized stt structure” [10]))

<>Roosa,Ruth| a{}
*1975:RHi#2,2:124-148| “Russian Industrialists,Politics, and Labor Reform in 1905”| ((mfg prl rfm.rvx RREV1| Wbr??))
--|>Book on same topic|
--| RUS trd & future: Idl re.ekn dev,1906-17 [Curtiss,Essays]

<>Roosevelt,Priscilla, Life on the Russian Country Estate: A Social and Cultural History| ((gnt.lnd clt))

<>Rosenberg,William G| a{}
--|>Liberals in the Russian Revolution| ((lbx RREV2 RREV3 KDs
STUDENT REVIEW =
This book provides an account of the non-soviet liberal movement following the Tsar’s resignation. Specifically, it provides a detailed analysis of the Kadet’s political actions and their positive and negative impacts on both their own party and the revolution as a whole. The Constitutional Democratic Party (Kadets), second only to the Soviets in influence in 1917, laid much of the framework for the 1917 Provisional Government. Despite being composed of the professional class, the Kadets consistently claimed to represent the struggle of all Russian Peoples.

The party followed three basic principles: gosudarstvennost’, nadpartiinost’, and rule of law. Gosudarstvennost’, “state system,” represented the Kadets’ national philosophy that the individuals’ or even city’s needs must be subordinate to those of the state. Furthermore, it represented the belief that political changes must come before social changes.

Nadpartiinost’ represented the Kadets’ political beliefs at the party level. The Kadets strongly believed that in order to create a strong state one must abandon the party system and simply vote or act upon one’s own conscience.

The Kadets’ most important principle was its commitment to law. For this reason the Kadets believed that the governmental system could only have power if it was given to them by the constituent assembly. Without the constituent assembly, the Kadets believed that no major political or social reform could be acted upon (the constituent assembly was not elected till two months after the Provisional Government’s collapse).

Over the eight months of the Provisional Government’s existence and the following civil war, these three principles would continually distance the Kadets from the revolutionary movement.

Rosenberg argues that because the Kadets’ staunch commitment to Gosudarstvennost’and Nadpartiinost’ the Kadets were forced rightward in the political spectrum, distancing themselves from the radical movements within both the peasants and military. Rosenberg further explains that the major fault with the three coalition governments (joint cabinets formed of both Socialists and Kadets) was that the Kadets would not allow for any substantial social changes that were being demanded for by the peasants and military without the formation of a constituent assembly. This was viewed by the masses as further evidence of the failure of the current government regime, and would aid the Bolshevik’s recruitment. Special attention is directed towards Manuilov, the Kadet party head throughout the book.
))

<>Rosenberg,William G., and Marilyn Young| a{}
|>Transforming Russia and China: Revolutionary Struggle in the Twentieth Century|O.ENG:OUP,1982| ((REV.trx RREV CHN cmp CIV krx? Wbr?))

<>Rowney,Don K. Transition to Technocracy: The Structural Origins of the Soviet Administrative State ((stt apx.tUt MID))

<>Sabanaeff,Leonard|
--|RRe#24:4| “Religious and Mystical Trends in Russia at the Turn of the Century”| ((rlg Silver Age))

<>Saul,Norman| a{}
*1978:Lawrence KS, KU|>Sailors in Revolt: The Russian Baltic Fleet in 1917| ((mlt nvy RREV2 RREV3
STUDENT REVIEW =
Perspective and Causality: Norman Saul’s Examination of the Pre-Revolutionary Russian Baltic Fleet

According to Norman Saul, sailors of the Russian Baltic fleet were among the more radical elements at the time of the October Revolution, as demonstrated by numerous violent acts and open opposition to the Provisional Government in Petrograd. In his book, Sailors in Revolt, he attempted to explain why they became the way they were by telling the story of the fleet from its inception until the events of 1917. Using the first eight chapters to tell his story, he concluded his book with personal observations and an analysis of the contributing factors.

In the first chapter, “The Baltic Fleet Before 1914,” Saul breaks the topic into different aspects: the history of the fleet from the time of its creation by Peter I through its trials in the Crimean War, its rebuilding process, and an examination of the sailors during that time frame. When looking at the rebuilding process, he focused on events starting in 1870 that saw the fleet ignored, later built up, destroyed in the 1905 Battle of Tsushima, and then built up again in time for the Great War with Germany. Of note was how the Great Reforms limited funding from 1870 – 1894 because most of the budget was geared towards revitalizing the Black Sea fleet, which was devastated in the Crimean War, and building up the new Pacific fleet in Vladivostok. French pressure to strengthen the alliance against Germany finally forced Russia to shift its budget to building new ships for the Baltic fleet, which were then lost—along with most of the 3500 crewmembers—in the Battle of Tsushima. Saul’s attention to this point raised due questions about the impact of the Great Reforms on the fleet, implying by the start date of the policies that they may have served as the genesis for subsequent events leading to the October Revolution. In the end, Saul didn’t paint a very rosy picture of the condition of the fleet, equipment-wise, inasmuch that they were seemingly in a constant state of repair and replacement.

When looking at the fleet personnel, Saul used a few statistics to illustrate how some ideological historians had wrongly given the impression that the Baltic sailors were united in a revolutionary mindset because of their working-class background. Through his research of Soviet Naval Archives, he found that wartime recruits (1914-1916) indicated “only 25.4 percent were actually workers; the others were ‘semiproletarian’ (26 percent) and peasant and petty bourgeois (48.6 percent).” Additionally, their literacy rate was relatively high (75.5 percent), which meant that, because the sailors spent three-quarters of their time ashore, they had both access to revolutionary materials and the ability to read it. When looking at the combined statistics against the backdrop of Saul’s lengthy examination of how most of the sailors simply weren’t interested in political discourse or causes, one gets a clearer picture of a fleet that wanted prompt and meaningful redress of terrible conditions and treatment, but not necessarily a fleet bent on overthrowing the tsar himself.

In subsequent chapters, Saul continued to examine conditions within the fleet as Russia progressed through World War One, highlighting a cascade of problems ranging from the shipbuilders, to an ineffective leadership from the top down, to the promulgation of radical elements within the ranks of the fleet. He pointed out that many Russian shipyards had been corrupt and incompetent due to shady business practices and lazy, unskilled workers. Poor decisions and non-responsive dictatorial leadership from the Ministry on down into the ranks of the naval fleet officers further fomented the sailors’ dismal morale into acts of rebellion and revolt. As for the revolutionary elements that made their way into the rank and file of the enlisted corps, Saul had found that only about one percent of the sailors were actually affiliated with a revolutionary party, but that small number was extremely effective in stirring up discontent to such as degree that by 1915, naval crews were rebelling over almost anything from a mistrust of foreign commanding officers to not getting their ration of meat.

After events led to the February Revolution and the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II, Bolshevik elements convinced the Baltic military forces to form organizations with which to address the various grievances and demands. What was most interesting in this regard was that their initial list of demands essentially consisted of three items: guaranteed pay of at least nine rubles per month, freedom to roam around the town without having to ask permission first, and freedom to drink as much as they wanted. This revelation truly solidified Saul’s assertion that the sailors were not a united band of revolutionaries bent on establishing a proletarian nation. Rather, it demonstrated that many of them simply wanted an end to the harsh, draconian conditions in which they were forced to live and work as members of the Russian navy.Saul summarized these observations fairly well in his concluding chapter, giving due credit to all of the various factors that brought the sailors of the Baltic fleet to rebellion and revolution in 1917. He did not discount the socialist movement within the ranks of the seamen, but did add perspective in that many revolted for their own personal reasons or, simply, to go along with the mob. Saul gave a good analysis of the events, backed by stacks of primary source materials, but did not address any possible explanation as to why the fleet, on the whole, did not resort to all-out rebellion prior to 1917. Investigating this question would have strengthened his argument tremendously, but its absence should not detract from the fact that Saul did an admirable job examining a topic that was politically charged in many academic circles at the time. Because of the broad range of contributing factors that led to the Baltic sailors rebelling, this book should be a must-read for anyone examining pre-revolutionary Russian history.

<>Schapiro,Leonard, ed| a{}
|>Political Opposition in One-party States| ??:1972| ((|>Schapiro.1pty|| ndr| sbr plt.clt fxn USA| GO Bauman“Second| Also,gnr discussion of Q:“Can the Party Alone Run a One-party State?” Many interesting trx issues--when 2pty opposes 2 similar pty~,is that not in functional truth a 1pty? [32] But heart of matter=all systems, including “totalitarian” are [I wld say] fxnized in the very process of (1) recruiting leaders (ambitions clash), (2) mobilization of initiatives (various opinions; but a natural ggr or spacial fdrization, & (3) orx of dsn (someone will be offended) [31]))

<>Schapiro,Leonard,and Peter Reddaway,eds. Lenin: The Man,the Theorist,the Leader

<>Schneiderman,Jeremiah| a{}
*1976:Ithaca, CUP|>Sergei Zubatov and Revolutionary Marxism: The Struggle for the Working Class in Tsarist Russian| ((ndr plc.scx prl unx G/Pospelovsky))

<>Schorske,Carl E| a{}
*1955:C.MA|>German Social Democracy,1905-1917: The Development of the Great Schism| ((GRM SDs RREV1|ch2,esp:36-42,Vorwärts gave daily coverage frm Bloody Sunday on| GRM nrg.c-grners zbx~ encouraged by RUS events|905se17:BblA chm of GRM SDs address before Jena pty cng| As a product of this experience, Luxemburg sharpened sense of (1) need for mass ddd guided by orx, rather than orx powered by mass ddd; and (2) anti-apxic attitude| Her essay=“Mass Strike Party and Trade Unions”| CF:Schurer & Stern))

<>Shanin,Teodor| a{}
*1972:O.ENG, OUP|>TThe Awkward Class: Political Sociology of Peasantry in a Developing Society, Russia, 1910-1925| ((OWN krx RREV2 Gwrx))
|>Peasants [?? readings]|:| ((HT421.S368|?? sbr rdg krx|G/Danilov| G/Chaianov|))
*1985:1986??; N.CN, YUP|>Roots of Otherness: Russia's Turn of Century| 2vv| ((OWN gnr hst.gph NTR RUS3
v1 subtitled “Russia as a ‘Developing Society.’”|
VOLUME ONE, STUDENT REVIEW =
Teodor Shanin, analyses the peasant condition in rural Russia prior to the 1905 Revolution. The book is the first volume in a two-part series titled, “The Roots of Otherness,” and ends with an open ended discussion about Russia’s ‘backwardness’ to which Shanin attributes a large portion of his arguments. Although the 1905 revolution is not discussed in this first volume, Shanin draws together a wide variety of themes, attitudes, and events which led to its inception. His goal is clear, his argument in this book is to analyze the ‘backwardness’ of Russia at the turn of the century, and to bring to light ‘Rhythms’ which led to the 1905-07 era. As a warning to readers, however, Shanin’s work tends to deviate from the main topic of the book, and many of the arguments made are unsupported by sources. Shanin argues his point, or points, effectively, and his writing flows well. The book is organized efficiently and quite easy to navigate for quick referencing.

Before embarking on his main topic, Shanin writes a brief history of the overall condition of peasants since Kievan Rus, around the 11th Century of the common era. Shanin explains how peasants were traditionally treated, and depicts the evolution of peasants into serfs, citing most notably (and in most detail) Saint George’s day, and the 1649 Ulozhenie. Following this is a brief survey of how Serfs were treated, and the evolution of their treatment under Catherine II and Peter the Great. Several notable figures who were heavily involved in shaping the condition of the peasants, or serfs, failed to make any appearance in Shanin’s work, most prominent of all being Ivan IV. Understandably, Shanin asserted from the outset that his analysis would take the perspective of someone looking up rather than someone looking looking down, meaning his goal would not be to examine the Autocracy in depth. However, the sub-header for the first portion of the book is ‘The Evolution of Russian Autocratic Power.’ Likewise, the larger portion of the text refers to either Catherine, Peter, or whichever Monarch suited the period covered.

Once this beginning analysis is finished, the book immediately delves into the issue of peasants and land distribution. The chapters under ‘Russian Peasant Society’ point out the various socioeconomic issues the peasants faced following their emancipation from Serfdom. Shanin argues that Russian backwardness in rural areas kept agriculture from effectively evolving as it had in Western Europe. For example, the Three-Field System, which worked efficiently in Western Europe, gradually found its way into Russian rural areas, but failed to provide similar results. Shanin attributes this failure to the structure of peasant society which was effectively a ‘closed society’ (pg. 74), which did not take kindly to new innovations. Shanin points his finger at the Volost, a local administrative governing unit implemented after emancipation, as yet another source for failures, drawing continuously on the idea of increasing localization (pg. 101).

Shanin’s socialist views come barreling through in the following section when he argues that capitalism had, in effect, taken a firm foothold in rural Russia, and that this shift in rural political culture led to the revolutionary ideals sought in 1905. According to Shanin’s argument, the rural areas were ‘working towards socialism’ in the way Marx had predicted it would in all capitalist societies (pg. 143). He also argues that the revolutionary situations in the early 20th century were socialist upheavals which had come too early. This is argued through statistics: Capital investment had not grown to large enough proportions, and wage-labor farming only accounted for ten percent of the overall rural workforce. Therefore, according to Shanin, rural Russia was capitalist, but needed more time to become more so in order to ‘work towards socialism.’

Conclusively, Teodor Shanin’s work remains fascinating, yet somewhat suspicious. Shanin often times shoots himself in the foot with his own arguments by making the opposing argument stronger than his own position, yet somehow stays firm in his own vindication (as with the example in which he claims to survey the peasant situation from the bottom-up, yet his subheading to the chapter and analysis pertain uniquely to the autocracy). His views on capitalism and socialism are clear: Socialism was inevitable in Russia, and made more affirmingly so in Rural Russia. Notwithstanding, if one were to take into consideration the year of this work’s publication, one could extrapolate a political agenda from this book. Overall, this book was entertaining, educational, and interesting; but not without its faults.

v2 subtitled “Russia,1905-1907:Revolution as a Moment of Truth”|
VOLUME TWO, STUDENT REVIEW =
Imagine a peasant that has nothing going for his, or herself. These people had been emancipated just 40 years earlier from a life of indentured servitude. Now imagine, that though they have been emancipated, they have very few opportunities, and the wages they are being paid, are becoming insufficient to cover rent costs of land. This is the picture Mr. Shanin paints in his book The Roots of Otherness Vol. 2. Summarizing the revolution of 1905 and its results, not as a whole, but by breaking down the revolution by class, party, and explaining just how these two are integrated into one another.

Shanin explains that two different types of peasants are perceived during this time, those who can help themselves, who are also literate, and those who cannot help themselves, and are illiterate. He explains that those who were literate were the ones reading the revolutionary text either given to them, or found by them. Shanin also explains that in 1905 these peasants were revolting for themselves, rather than for a change in government, and also that some of the revolting was done by stripping the “shire’s” (landlord) house of wood, to use for firewood. Shanin argues that the peasants came away as the most benefiting of those involved in the revolution, as they achieved higher wages, and succeeded in lowering the cost of rent for land. Shanin also cites that a crucial component to the revolutionary situation in Russia was “the crisis of agriculture, the branch of production providing the livelihood for most of the population.” This explains the why there was large amounts of demonstrations, and striking, as much of the population was facing near famine. This was not the first time that Russia had faced famine, as many regions of the state had been facing poor crop yield for many years prior.

Shanin also gives light to the involvement of individuals from the non-Russian peripheries. Georgia, Latvia, and Armenia in particular demonstrated great revolutionary potential, as the strikes were more considerable, and consistent than that of those in both St. Petersburg, and Moscow. The strike progressed even to the point that in Latvia as an example, a force of roughly 10,000 partially armed villagers, confronted the army. This was not an isolated event and resulted in revolutionary regime holdings in the countryside of many Baltic provinces.

Shanin explains the Stolypin Land Reforms, and how they were improving the quality of life in the rural communities, specifically on peasant communes. As there were two different classifications of peasants, as mentioned above, Stolypin explained, “We decided to lay the wager on the sturdy and strong, and not the drunken and weak.” This resulted in the privatization of peasant communal lands.

Statistics that break down peasant attacks, and workers striking show not relation between each other, however since the peasants and workers are influenced by different political parties. The workers were influenced by the Social Democrats, and the Social Revolutionaries influenced the peasants, one can see that the differences can be based on a number of different factors For example, it could be based on the involvement of the political party on that particular, or even an increase in rent that the peasants were facing.

This book painted a picture of a peasant that was strained thin on resources, and was willing to do anything to change their situation, and how the political parties they interacted with affected them. It also showed the outcome of the revolution, and the relation, and relevance to the 1917 revolution.
))

<>Shatz,Marshall S| a{}
|>Jan Waclaw Machajski: A Radical Critic of the Russian Intelligentsia and Socialism|Pi.PA:1989| ((HX313.8.V65 S5 |272p| bxo anx ntg 866:926;Makhaiskii plt.clt scx rvs RREV1))

<>Shelokhaev,V. V| a{}
|>Ideologiia i politicheskaia organizatsiia rossiiskoi liberal’noi burzhuazii|MVA:1991| ((lbx brz plt pty~ plt.clt USA RREV1))

<>Shy,John,and Thomas W. Collier. “Revolutionary War”. In Peter Paret,ed. Makers of Modern Strategy from Machiavelli to the Nuclear Age. Princeton NJ: 1986 [rvs.wrx]

<>Siegelbaum,Lewis H|>Politics of Industrial Mobilization in Russia,1914-1917: A Study of the War-Industries Committees

<>Skocpol,Theda| a{}
*1979|>States and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia, and China
>Skocpol,Theda, Peter Evans and Dietrich Rueschemeyer,eds|
*1985|>Bringing the State Back In| ((sbr.ndr stt trx little direct ref. to Wbr,though generous & opaque acknowledgment of his influence: quotes Alfred Stepan's version of Weber's definition of the state because Stepan “captures the biting edge of the Weberian perspective.” [7] Skocpol used “Weberian” ideas rather than the ideas of Weber))

<>Smith,C. Jay,Jr|
*1958:GA Athens|>Finland and the Russian Revolution,1917-1920| ((ntn FIN RREV3))

<>Stavrou, Theofanis G., ed. Art and Culture in Nineteenth-Century Russia. Bloomington IN:1983. A&AA NX556.A1 A74

<>Steinberg,Mark D| a{
}r{
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Stites,Richard| a{}n{pop.clt wmn rvs
}r{
*1989:OxUP|>Revolutionary Dreams: Utopian Vision and Experimental Life in the Russian Revolution| ((DK266.4.S75))
*1992:|>Russian Popular Culture: Entertainment and Society Since 1900| ((pop.clt))
<>Stites,Richard,ed|
*1995:IUP|>Culture and Entertainment in Wartime Russia| ((ndr WW2 dms.front pop.clt))
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Stone,Lawrence. “Theories of Revolution”. World Politics 18,no. 2 (January 1966): 159-176. xrx [00] rvs trx

<>Szamuely,Tibor| a{}
*1972su:Survey#18,8:56-90| “The Birth of Russian Marxism”| ((MRX))
*1974:|>The Russian Tradition| ((DK61.S9 1974| trx))

<>Thaden,E. C| a{}
*1964:S.UW|>Conservative Nationalism in Nineteenth-Century Russia| ((ntg ntn cnx idl
STUDENT REVIEW with emphasis on the "Pochvenniki" =
Enthusiasts of the Soil| The pochvenniki emerged in Russia in the latter half of the nineteenth century as a group of conservative nationalist advocators who could meet the intellectual challenges that faced Russian society at the time. The group’s name derived from “soil” to illustrate their yearning for a “unique organic unity and was devoid of the class antagonisms of Western Europe” (62). Believing that a gap had generated that separated the intellectual elite of the country from the common people the pochvenniki strived to create and promote unanimity among all of Russia. They believed that the Emancipation of the Serfs in 1861 paved the way for a new world. However, they also believed that the emancipation inundated the country with alienated, vulnerable masses. There was a great fear among conservative nationalists at the time that the newly freed common people of Russia would look to the Western world for solutions to their societal woes. It was a main objective of the pochvenniki to push the masses in the direction of a singular, cohesive Russian identity.

This group knew the importance of national cohesion in modern society. In order to achieve this cohesion, properly spread it’s word, and close the gap between commoners and intellectual elites the pochvenniki produced two important journals called Time and Epoch. The group intentionally strove to eliminate any party labels from their journals and tried to act as a middleman between Westernism and Slavophilism. This, of course, was yet another effort to produce solidarity among Russians, but members of the pochvenniki themselves seemed to be divided on the matter. Some sympathized with the Slavophile views, while others believed that it was too radical and thus supported what they believed to be the more realistic perception of the West. Some, like Fedor Dostoevskii, appreciated what they referred to as “pure liberalism”, that is the support of abstract ideas pertaining to freedoms (speech, thought, etc.) when no other course of action could be administered. They believed that these Western ideals could be adapted to any social or political system. The works in both the Time and Epoch reflected these ideals, but coupled with nationalist undercurrents. The work of the pochvenniki’s was merely a collection of the opinionated expressionist sentiments of Russian culture at the time, and carried no political or economic weight.

Although the pochvenniki emphasized and instilled the nationalist feeling it failed, according to Thaden, to produce and offer specific examples of the ways in which political and economic renovations needed to be dealt with. Their call for industrialization and development of Russia in the 1860s was a noble idea, but they lacked rationalization and understanding of the requirements that intense modernization demanded. The group advocated for reforms in principle, but underestimated the difficulty of modernizing an underdeveloped country to vie against a superior Western society. Thaden gives examples for some of the minimum requirements necessary to even begin to undergo a transformation of this amplitude, “Capital must be accumulated; technicians, specialists, and leaders must be trained…the land is not cultivated intensively and labor productivity is low…” (61). In this arduous process, the peasant would be left bearing the brunt of the load as the demands for a growing labor force increase, but pay and housing opportunities remain low “because the workers’ initial lack of the skills and training required by modern industry puts them at a disadvantage in dealing with their employers” (62).
))
*1971:N.NY|>Russia Since 1801: The Making of a New Society| ((gnr))
*1981:P.NJ| Thaden,et al|>Russification in the Baltic Provinces and Finland,1855-1917 “Dilemmas of Borderland Policy in the Era of Great Reforms: Poland and Finland,1855-1881”| ((DK511.B3 R77| MPR ntn FIN POL irx gbx BLT RS1 irx stt))

<>Tilly,Charles. “Revolutions and Collective Violence”. To appear in Fred I. Greenstein and Nelson W. Polsby, Handbook of Political Science. Center for Research on Social Organization,University of Michigan,Working Paper no. 83 (May 1973)

<>Tilly,Charles,L. Tilly,and R. Tilly. The Rebellious Century,1830-1930 (1975) [00]

<>Thompson,Arthur William| a{}
|>The Uncertain Crusade: America and the Russian Revolution of 1905|1970| ((SUMMIT))

<>Tocqueville,Alexis de. The Old Regime and the Revolution in France. NYC: 1955 [00] ~~rvs trx

<>Treadgold,Donald. Warren| a{}
*1955:N.NY|>Lenin and His Rivals: The Struggle for Russia’s Future, 1898-1906| ((RREV1 Lnn| Explores “1st popular front” KPS infiltration))
*1957:P.NJ|>The Great Siberian Migration: Government and Peasant in Resettlement from Emancipation to the First World War| ((HD935.T7| SBR krx Stp USA2 RUS3))
--|>Twentieth Century Russia| ((DK 246.T65| Reference textbook))
--|In Adams.RR
--|In Stavrou.RU
--|In Vucinich,Peasants

<>Treadgold,D. W.,ed|>Development of the USSR: An Exchange of Views (1964)| ((sbr.ndr))

<>Tucker,Robert C., ed| a{}
*1977:N.NY|>Stalinism: Essays in Historical Interpretation| ((>Tucker.STL| HX313.S683 OWN sbr|
Cohen,S,STL &SDb-ism|
McNeal,R,Trotskyist Interpr|
Rigby,T. H.,Mono-Organizational Society|
Tucker,Robert,REV frm abv|
Lewin,Moshe,Social Background|
Erlich,Al,Mrx-n Growth Models|
Sharlet,Robert,SSR lwx clt|
Clark,Katerina,Utopian Anthropology as a Context of STL.blt|
Medvedev,Roy,New Pages frm STL plt bxo|
Brus,Włodzimierz,“People’s dmk-cies”|
Skilling,H. Gordon,CZC plt clt|
Kolakowski,Leszek,Versus Mrx-sm?|
Marković,Mihailo,Mrx-ism|
Tucker,conclusion
))

<>Tucker,Robert C| a{}
*1970:L.ENG|>The Marxian Revolutionary Idea| ((Mrx scx idl KPS REV CIV|rtl on stt&rvs))
*1973:NY|>Stalin as Revolutionary 1879-1929: A Study in History and Personality| ((DK268.S8 T85 1973| rvs chd Stl bio NEP Gwrx CIV RUS3))
|>Stalin in Power|DK268.S8T86
*1987|>Political Culture and Leadership in Soviet Russia: From Lenin to Gorbachev| ((| Links plt.clt to clt in gnr (cites Edward Tylor’s 1871 Primitive Culture where clt defined: “that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, mrl~, law custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society” (Tylor influenced by Gustav Klemm’s 1843-52, Allgemeine Culturgeschichte der Menschheit)| A.L. Kroeber and Clyde Kluckhohn, Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions, list 164 definitions & summarize: “all cultures are largely made up of overt patterned ways of behaving, feeling, and reaction. But cultures likewise include a characteristidc set of unstated premises and categories (‘implicit culture’) which vary greatly between societes. [...] culture is a product; is historical; includes ideas, patterns, and value; is selective; is learned; is based upon symbols; and is an abstraction from behavior and the products of behavior.” [Tucker:1] Dismisses Geoffrey Gorer and John Rickman’s “swaddling” psx trx, The People of Great Russia: A Psychological Study [LND:1949]) He might have mentioned Nathan Leites US-Air-Force-supported studies of “operational code” of Politburo; he does mention Fülöp-Miller’s Mind and Face of Bolshevism))
|Image of Dual RUS [Black,Transformation]
|Autocrats & Oligarchs [Lederer,Rus For Pol]
|RUS total.stt [TDU]
|STL as REV from Above [Tucker.STL]

<>Venturi,Franco| a{}
*1952:Turino, J. Einaudi|>Il populismo russo|2 volumes|| ((krx.mvt Mrx rvs ppl RS1 RS2 RUS3|FRN ed has long,updated intro|badly served by title affixed to ENG tlng))
*1960:LND & N.NY|>Roots of Revolution: A History of the Populist and Socialist Movements in Nineteenth Century Russia|TBy F. Haskell| ((|>VRR| DK189.V413| Mrx rvs ppl RS1 RS2|many eds since ITL orig,1952|FRN ed has long,updated intro
STUDENT REVIEW =
One may believe that the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 was simply the culmination of the violence in the Great War and the subsequent public outrage at a seemingly endless and futile war effort. From this revolution, it may seem as if the overthrow and execution of the tsar was a simultaneous assault on the autocratic regime. But in actuality, this regicide had been done before and the idea and action had its roots in the decades prior. In Roots of Revolution by Franco Venturi, he succinctly portrays a Russia decades and decades before this overthrow that was ripening towards revolution.

Over the 700 pages, Venturi is determined to objectively present the relation of the state with its people and the humanism on the side of both revolutionaries and reactionaries. This relation is important to understand for the same dynasty (the Romanovs) had been in charge for centuries, since before Peter the Great in the late 17^th and early 18^th century. By “humanism” I suggest that Venturi explains necessarily the rationale behind each side during the chaotic 19^th century. What we get from this book is a pattern of revolutionary (though that term is misleading early on since most “revolutionaries” were more interested in constitutional monarchies rather than democracies) movements and reactionary legislation. For example, we have the Decembrist uprising in 1825 that is immediately subdued by the program of Official Nationality under the 30-year reign of Nicolas I. Also, we see the pattern where Alexander II was assassinated by terrorists which was followed by fierce reactionary legislation (led by Constantine Pobedonostsev) up until the forgotten revolution of 1905. The book essentially begins with the Decembrists and ends with the chaotic year of 1881. Both endpoints are a time in which power shifted from one tsar to another.

The first two chapters introduce two major characters in the origins of populism in Russia: Herzen and Bakunin. The book continues at a solid temporal pace thoroughly mixing in the philosophy and subsequent action of both sides. The reader truly notices how revolutionary ideas among the educated elite progressed and why the government reacted the way it did. It allows the reader, whether an academic or simply a curious intellectual, to notice that the terrorist acts of the 1870s and 1880s and the so-called revolutions of the early 20^th century were not simultaneous acts but decades of pent up frustration along with the efforts of the intelligentsia in educating and mobilizing the masses. “The People” did not all of a sudden decide to act out on behalf of their disgust for such an oppressive regime. For decades, the educated revolutionaries were educating the peasants on necessary changes within the backward governmental system.

Venturi does a great job of mapping this revolutionary evolution out for the reader. It goes over the success and ultimate failures of each movement within the 19^th century. But in those successes, we see how revolution was possible simply because the ideas remained for future generations (i.e. Kolokol, Great Reforms, student groups) even if their voices and actions failed at the time.
))

<>Verner,Andrew M| a{}
*1990:P.NJ|>The Crisis of Russian Autocracy: Nicholas II and the 1905 Revolution| ((DK258.v44| N-2 RREV1 stt| quotes FMV:239 & 236| Verner,Crisis:51(FMV:239); 54(FMV:236); 77(re. Macht & Herrschaft; potestas & auctoritas); 89(Rechtsstaat); 293(Charisma of N-2)))
*1995ja:RRe#54,1:65-90| “Discursive Strategies in the 1905 Revolution: Peasant Petitions from Vladimir Province”| ((krx ptn))

<>Von Laue,Theodore| a{}
*1956:JGO#4,2:138-58| “Die Revolution von aussen als erste Phase der russischen Revolution 1917”| ((Places RREV ijn category with rvs in backward countries 3wrl| Shows how impulses for REV came from without from zpd rather than from internal sources| S&U lgc))
*1961mr:JEH| “Russian Peasants in the Factory, 1892-1904”| ((krx nds))
*1961jy:CSinSH| “Imperial Russia at the Turn of the Century: The Cultural Slope and the Revolution from Without”| ((rvs| cf. M. Wright))
*1963:N.NY|>Sergei Witte and the Industrialization of Russia| ((ekn mfg RUS3))
*1964:Ph.P|>Why Lenin? Why Stalin? A Reappraisal of the Russian Revolution, 1900-1930| ((DK246.V58| gnr RREV STL mfg MPR rvs CIV RUS3 Wbr:34n & 42| originally pbd 1960??))
*1965:SlR#24:34-46| “The Chances for Liberal Constitutionalism”| ((lbx cst RREV1))
*1969:Ph.PA|>The Global City: Freedom,Power and Necessity in the Age of World Revolutions| ((CB425.V64| REV.trx wrl idl CIV))
*1981:Soviet Union/Union Sovietique#8,1:1-17|| “Stalin among the Moral and Political Imperatives, or How to Judge Stalin?”| ((off-print frm VL OWN STL clt.clt mrl hst.gph))
--|stt & ekn [Black,Transformation]
--|Weakness of stt [Brower.RR:]
--|Crises in RUSn polity [Curtiss,Essays]
--|Prb~ of mdnion [Lederer,Rus For Pol]
--|Prb of mfgR [SLT]

<>Wade,Rex|
--|>Red Guards and Workers' Militias in the Russian Revolution. Stanford: 1984| ((DK265.W323| mlt))
--|>The Russian Search for Peace: February-October 1917. Stanford: 1969

<>Walicki,Andrzej|
--|The Controversy over Capitalism: Studies in the Social Philosophy of the Russian Populists
--|The Slavophile Controversy
--|A History of R Thought … to Marxism

<>Watters,F. M| a{}
*1966:University of California, Berkeley, PhD Dissertation| “Land Tenure and Financial Burdens of the Russian Peasant,1861-1905”| ((krx ekn skz RREV1))

<>Weissman,Neil B|
|>Reform in Tsarist Russia: The State Bureaucracy and Local Government,1900-1914|New Brunswick NJ:1981| ((JS6061.W44 ndr stt rfm srv zmv RREV1 noWbr))

<>West,James L|
*1991:BTsP:41-56| “The Riabushinsky Circle: Burzhuaziia and Obshchestvennost’ in Late Imperial Russia”| ((Rbw.krj RbwPP brj cvc.pbl))

<>Wittfogel,Karl A| a{
}f{
*1960jy: World Politics:487-508| “The Marxist View of Russian Society and Revolution”| ((Mrx AMP RUS3))
*1957:NHC|>Oriental Despotism: A Comparative Study of Total Power| (NB! chapters 9 & 10)| ((JC414.W5 | WOD Mrx AMP RUS3| p429 & 488,re. Zur Lage,Wbr noticed “Asiatic” qualities of RUS| Is Russia a European state and culture? 2007:Penguin Custom Edition, devoted to “Interpretations of the Western World” opens with a section on “Early Empire, the State, and natural Resources: The Wittfogel Thesis”. The publisher described the section with these words: “Among the more influential theories concerning the origin of state power in early civilizations was the thesis developed by Karl Wittfogel (1896–1988): that early states developed totalitarian political and social structures in order to develop and control water resources for intensive agriculture, which in turn required the ability to command labor”. The essays presented in Wittfogel, “The Hydraulic Civilizations,” in Man’s Role in Changing the Face of the Earth [general principles with limited relation to Russia]))
| “Russia and the East: A Comparison and Contrast”| SlR?? (??):??; reprinted in TDU:323-358 with full discussion| ((AMP Mrx))
}s{
Plekhanov
William P. Mitchell, “The Hydraulic Hypothesis: A Reappraisal,” [TXT] Current Anthropology, 14.5 (1973) [critique of Wittfogel's critics]
}t{}8{}

<>Wolfe,Bertram D| a{}
*1948:B.MA|>Three Who Made a Revolution| ((rvs))
*1967:L.ENG|>Marxism:100 Years in the Life of a Doctrine| ((OWN))3{Mrx idl mvt REV CIV|965:orig.pbd??))
--|FRN,GRM,idl,& flaw in Ntx1,Ntx2,Ntx3 [Curtiss,Essays]

<>Wood,Alan| a{}
*1987:L.ENG, Methuen |>The Origins of the Russian Revolution,1861-1917| ((DK189.W66 gnr RREV|56p w/ggr noWbr))

<>Wood,Anthony| a{}
*1986:LND|>Russian Revolution| Second Edition| ((DK265.W62))

<>Worobec,Christine| a{}
|>Peasant Russia: Family and Community in the Post-Emancipation Period|P.NJ:PUP,1991| ((HN530.R87w67|257p lxt!| krx fmy RUS2))

<>Wynn,Charters, Workers, Strikes, and Pogroms: The Donbass-Dnepr Bend in Late Imperial Russia, 1870-1905, (Princeton, 1992)| ((prl zbs RREV1))

<>Yaney,George| a{}
*1982:IL.Urbana|>The Urge to Mobilize: Agrarian Reform in Russia, 1861-1930| ((krx.rfm StpP.rfm))

<>Zevelev,A. I., ed| a{}
*1994:MVA Vyswaya wkola|>Istoriia politicheskikh partii Rossii| ((450p| JN6598.a1i88| plt pty~ plt.clt USA RREV1| cites Shelokhaev| gnr intro on methodologies & hst.gph [5-38] Brief intro to origins of plt pty~ in zpd [39-40] Discussion of particulars of RUS sit [41-52]))
|>Politicheskie partii Rossii : istoriia i sovremennost : uchebnik dlia istoricheskikh i gumanitarnykh fakultetov vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii / pod redaktsiei A.I. Zeveleva, IU.P. Sviridenko, V.V. Shelokhaeva

<>Zuckerman,Frederic| a{}
--|The Tsarist Secret Police in Russian Society, 1880-1917| (( plt.plc
STUDENT REVIEW =
Fredric Zuckerman is currently a Senior Lecturer in History at the University of Adelaide. He acknowledged that this volume began as a PhD dissertation under the guidance of Professor William L. Blackwell at New York University.

Zuckerman acknowledged his debt to the Hoover Institution as the location of primary sources, makes a point of his use of a modified Library of Congress transliteration system, and includes a note on the Julian Calendar used by Tsarist Russia that ran 12 days behind the Gregorian in the 19th century and 13 days behind in the 20th century.

Additionally an introductory glossary and abbreviation guide is given that identifies the common terms used by historians and contemporaries. Zuckerman uses these subject specific terms and abbreviations through out the book and the inclusion of a glossary was very helpful.

This volume is a comprehensive study of the political police system in late Imperial Russia based on a vast bibliography of primary and secondary sources, and on Zuckerman's research in the Hoover Institution's Archives. The main focus of the work is on the operation activities of the tsarist police between 1900 and 1917.

Zuckerman is not biased or prejudiced in any way and deals with persons and events in an evenhanded manner. The Tsarist police are themselves unique in history but the need for a modern state to protect itself and its citizens is understood as a common feature of the modern nation state. Many European states and even the U.S. examined the Russian experience when establishing their own political police.

Introductory chapters give an overview of Russia's 19th century experience in dealing with political dissent and then examines the lives and working conditions of individuals who served within the tsarist system. A sociological view of the bureaucracy by the identification of distinct groups within the police; civil servants, gendarmes, and former revolutionaries (sotrudniki). These individuals are shown to have conflicts when forced to interact with each other and additionally the various departments are shown to conflict within the system as departments vie with each for power influence, and monies, as well as individual ministers have agendas of their own which often conflict for personal reasons or for tactical and strategic reasons.

What follows the look at the make up the political police is a detailed chronological account of the failures and accomplishments of the Russian political police from 1900 to 1917. The story is highlighted by events and people that bring the revolutionary period into focus. The story follows the police efforts and infighting of the many ministers and police chiefs who came to their appointments through chance or as the result of a patronage / clientele system.

Sometimes the best man available for a post comes into power, but as often as not a mediocre or unsuitable man is chosen to lead the most important section at the worst possible time. Another problem is the lack of a strategic vision that could coordinate a single department much less coordinate a number of departments that could work together to achieve a desired goal. While not specifically laying the blame at the feet of Nicholas II it is obvious that the fault is the Tsar's and the tsarist / imperial system.

The volume concludes with a chapter that discuses the similarities between the tsarist and Soviet secret police. I found this interesting but perhaps out of place. Obviously Zuckerman draws on a vast knowledge and understanding but this chapter is speculative and without the academic rigor that was evident in the previous chapters. While reading the last few chapters I had a feeling that Zuckerman had more to say as he made statements that were not as circumspect as earlier in the book. Perhaps a publisher's constraint or deadline came into effect. I must admit though that I myself have been guilty of speculation at the end of a research paper when insights gained during research find themselves added regardless of their relevance to my topic and thesis, and so I gave the author the benefit of the doubt and forgave, but some readers may be taken aback during the final chapter.

While I enjoyed the book enormously I would not recommend it as an introductory volume. Zuckerman presupposes a certain knowledge of his subject, and a historical familiarity with many personalities and politics of the period. On the other hand anyone who is interested in the period will benefit from the huge bibliography that can be used as a guide for further reading.
))

<>Zyrianov,P. N| a{}
|>Pravoslavnaia tserkov’ v bor’be s revoliutsiei, 1905-1907 gg| EBy A. I. Klibanov| MVA:1984| ((GRS:185| RREV1 chx rxn))

OLD.SAC.RREV.bbl---??:

RUSSIAN REVOLUTIONS

Adams,Brooks|
*1913:NYC|>Theory of Social Revolutions| ((rvs.trx| Mainly looks at the French Revolution))

Amann,Peter. “Revolution: a Redefinition”. Political Science Quarterly 77,no. 1 (March 1962): 36-53. Concentrates on the Rev of 1848. Rev is “when the state's monopoly of power is effectively challenged and persists until a monopoly of power is re-established.” [00]

Baechler,Jean. Les phénomènes révolutionnaires. PRS: 1970 [00]

Bauer,Arthur. Essai sur les révolutions. PRS: 1908 [00]

Bell,John. Peasants in Power. Princeton NJ: . Hamilton bks [00]

Benda,Harry J. “Non-Western Intelligentsias as Political Elites”. Austrailian Journal of Politics and History 6,no. 2 (November 1960): 205-18,reprinted in John H. Kautsky, Political Change...: 235-51

Blackey,Robert,ed. Revolutions and Revolutionists: A Comprehensive Guide to the Literature. REF Z7164.R54.B55 [00]

Blanchard,William H. Revolutionary Morality: A Psychosexual Analysis of Twelve Revolutionists. Santa Barbara: 1984 [00]

Brinkman,Carl. Soziologische Theorie der Revolution. Göttingen: 1948 [00]

Brinton,Crane. Anatomy of Revolution (1938) JC491.b7 1965 [00]

Burns,Cecil D. The Principles of Revolution: A Study in Ideals. LND: 1920. “Popular” account, but last three chapters suggestive [00]

Beqiraj,Mehmet. Peasantry in Revolution. HN13.B4 [00]

Calvert,Peter. A Study of Revolution. Oxford: 1970 [00]

Carr,Edward Hallett. Studies in Revolution [00]

Chapnik,Richard H. “Toward a General Theory of Political Revolution: An Historical Analysis of the Preconditions of the Russian Revolution of 1917”. PhD dissertation,Colorado University,1979. DK265.C46 3v [00]

Chorley,Katherine. Armies and the Art of Revolution. LND: 1943 [00]

Cohn,Norman. The Pursuit of the Millennium: Revolutionary Messianism in Medieval and Reformation Europe and its Bearing on Modern Totalitarian Movements. NYC: 1957 [00]

Colton,Ethan T. Four Patterns of Revolution: Communist USSR,Fascist Italy,Nazi Germany,New Deal America. NYC: 1964 [00]

Crozier,Brian. “The Anatomy of Rebellion”. The Twentieth Century (November 1958) [00]

Dahrendorf,Rolf. “Über einige Probleme der soziologischen Theorie der Revolution”. Archives Europeenes de Sociologie 2,no. 1 (1961) [00]

Davies,James C. “Towards a Theory of Revolution”. American Sociological Review 27,no. 1 (February 1962): 5-19. ((A social scientific restatement of the Tocquevillian theory that Revs come after a general “progressive” period is followed by reversals. Expectations continue to rise while fulfillment falls. Concludes with some curious remarks on predicting revolutions))

Davies,James C.,ed. When Men Revolt and Why: A Reader in Political Violgence and Revolution. LND: 1971 [00]

Dunn,John. Modern Revolutions: An Introduction to the Analysis of a Political Phenomenon. Cambridge, England: 1972

Edwards,Lyford P. The Natural History of Revolution. Chicago: 1927 [00]

Ekman,Diana Russell. “A Comparative Study of the Relation Between the Loyalty of Armed Forces and the Outcome of Mass Rebellion in the Twentieth Century”. PhD dissertation, Harvard University,1970. 86wi: bbt.rqt [00]

Elliott-Bateman,Michael,ed. Revolt to Revolution: Studies in the 19th and 20th Century European Experience (1974) [00]

Ellwood,Charles A. “A Psychological Theory of Revolutions”. American Journal of Sociology 11 (July 1905): 49-59. “Revolutions are disturbances in the social order due to the sudden breakdown of social habits under conditions which make difficult the reconstruction of those habits,that is,the formation of a new order. In other words,revolutions arise through certain interferences or disturbances in the normal process of the readjustment of social habits.” [00]

Elwood,R. C.,ed. Reconsiderations on the Russian Revolution. Cambridge MA: 1976 [00]

Feierabend,Ivo K.,and L. Rosalind. “Aggressive Behavior within Polities,1948-1962: A Cross-national Study”. Journal of Conflict Resolution 10 (1966): 249 ff [00]

Forster,Robert,and Jack P. Greene,eds. Preconditions of Revolution in Early Modern Europe (1970) [00]

Friedrich,Carl J.,ed. Revolution. NYC: 1966 [00]

Fülöp-Miller,René. Leaders, Dreamers, and Rebels: An Account of the Great Mass Movements of History and of the Wish-Dreams that Inspired Them. NYC: 1935. A bit rhapsodic, but always interesting [00]

Gottschalk,L. “Causes of Revolution”. American Journal of Sociology 50,no. 1 (July 1944): 1-8. Revs the result of “multiple causation”. Must link with historical specifics [00]

Gould,Mark. Revolution in the Development of Capitalism: the Coming of the English Revolution. Berkeley CA: 1987. HN398.E5G68 [00]

Hale'vy,E'lie. The Era of Tyrannies: Essays on Socialism and War (NYC: Anchor Books,1965),introduction by Fritz Stern,translation by R. K. Webb of L'E're des tyrannies: E'tudes sur le socialisme et la guerre. Paris: 1938 [00]

Hatto,Arthur. “'Revolution': An Inquiry into the Usefulness of an Historical Term”. Mind 63 (1949): 495-517 [00]

Hobsbawm,Eric J. Revolution. (Proceedings of XIV International Congress of Historical Sciences, San Francisco, August 22-29,1975)
--|Revolutionaries (1973) [00]

Hoffer,Eric. The True Believer [00]

Hopper,Rex D. “The Revolutionary Process: A Frame of Reference for the Study of Revolutionary Movements”. Social Forces 28,no. 3 (March 1950): 270-279. xrx [00]

Johnson,Chalmers. Revolution and the Social System. Stanford: 1964. A model of social-scientism gone to extremes
--|Revolutionary Change. Boston: 1966 [00]

Kautsky, John H| a{} The politics of aristocratic empires| ((JC414.K38 1982))

Kirchheimer,Otto. “Confining Conditions and Revolutionary Breakthroughs”. American Political Science Review 59 (1965): 964-974 [00]

Knapp,Newton Ben. The Psychology of Ecstatic Crowds: A Paper Read Before the Contemporary Club,Davenport,Iowa,May 1,1919. Davenport,Iowa: 1919 [00]

Konrad,Gyorgy [George here],and Ivan Szeleny. The Intellectuals on the Road to Class Power. Translation by Andrew Arato and Richard E. Allen of “Az Ertelmiseg utja osztalyhatalomhoz” NYC: 1979. HM213.K6813 [00]

Kornhauser,William. Revolutions. Comparative/International Series,Institute of International Studies,University of California,reprint no. 386. Berkeley: [n.d.] [00]

Kuhn,Thomas. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. CHI: 1967 [00]

Labor Research Study Group,Scott Nearing,leader. The Law of Social Revolution. NYC: 1926 [00]

Larson,Reidar. Theories of Revolution,from Marx to the First Russian Revolution. Stockholm: 1970 [00]

Lasswell,Harold D. “The Unnamed Revolution (The Permanent Revolution of Modernizing Intellectuals)”. In World Revolutionary Elites: Studies in Coercive Ideological Movements. Cambridge MA: 1965 [00]

Lasswell,Harold D.,and Abraham Kaplan. Power and Society: A Framework for Political Inquiry. Chapter 10: “Process,” pp. 240-285. New Haven: 1950 [00]

LeBon,G. The Psychology of Revolution. NYC: 1913. See esp. book II of part one,“The Forms of Mentality Prevalent During Revolution,” pp. 75-122 [00]

Leiden,Carl,and Karl M. Schmitt. The Politics of Violence: Revolution in the Modern World. NYC: 1968 [00]

Lenk,Kurt. Theorien der Revolution (1973) [00]

Lovell,David W. From Marx to Lenin: An Evaluation of Marx's Responsibility for Soviet Authoritarianism. Cambridge ENG: 1984 [00]

Lubasz,Heinz,ed. Revolutions in Modern European History. Series: “Main Themes in European History”. NYC: 1966 [00]

Mazlish,Bruce. The Revolutionary Ascetic: Evolution of a Political Type. NYC: 1976 [00]

Mensel,Alfred. “Revolution and Counter-revolution”. Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences 13 (first edition): 367-376 [00]

Nadel,George. “The Logic of the 'Anatomy of Revolution,' with Reference to the Netherlands Revolt”. Comparative Studies in Society and History 2,no. 4 (July 1960): 473-484. A lively,intelligent inquiry into the problems of defining “rev” and applying the definition to actual historical events [00]

Pettee,G. S. The Process of Revolution

Porter,Roy, and Mikulas Teich,eds. Revolution in History. Cambridge ENG: 1986 [00]

Price,D. C. Russia and the Roots of the Chinese Revolution,1896-1911. Cambridge MA: 1974 [00]

Rejai,Mostafa,and Kay Phillips. World Revolutionary Leaders. New Brunswick NJ: 1983 [00]

Roosa,Ruth. “Russian Industrialists,Politics,and Labor Reform in 1905”. Russian History 2/2 (1975): 124-148 [00]

Rougle,Charles. “The Intelligentsia Debate in Russia,1917-1918”. In Nilsson, Art: 54-105 [00]

Rudé,George| z{}
*1964:NYC| The Crowd in History,1730-1848: A Study of Popular Disturbances in France and England,1730-1848. NYC: 1964
--|Ideology and Popular Protest

Schoenbaum,David. Hitler's Social Revolution [00]

Schwartz,David C. “A Theory of Revolutionary Behavior”. In Davies,ed., When...: 109-132 [00]

Shils,Edward. “The Intellectuals in the Political Development of the New States”. World Politics 12,no. 3 (April 1960): 329-68,reprinted in John H. Kautsky,ed., Political Change...: 195-234 [00]

Short,James F.,Jr.,and Marvin E. Wolfgang,eds. Collective Violence. Chicago: 1972 [00]

Siniavskii, Andrei. The Russian intelligentsia [HN530.2.A8 S56 1997]

Sorel,Georges. Reflections on Violence (1908);see especially the later editions with the appendix “In Defense of Lenin” [00]

Sorokin,Pitirim. Social and Cultural Dynamics. Volume 3: “Fluctuation of Social Relationships,War and Revolution”. NYC: 1937 [00]

Russian [earlier “Soviet”] Studies in History: A Journal of Translations. E.g.: vol. 22,no. 3 (Winter 1983-84),“Reviving a Historical Controversy: Who Made the Revolution?” Edited by Donald J. Raleigh;vol. 23,no. 1 (Summer 1984),“The Russian Revolutions of 1917 in the Eyes of Soviet Historians: Orthodoxy vs. a New Flexibility”. Edited by Michael Melancon;vol. 23,no. 2 (Fall 1984),“The Early Years of the Soviet Regime: Recent Studies”. Edited by Mark L. von Hagen. D1.S6 [00]

Special Operations Research Office,The American University. Case Studies in Insurgency and Revolutionary Warfare: Vietnam,1941-1954. Washington DC: 1964 [00]

Suny,Ronald Grigor. “Toward a Social History of the October Revolution” [00]

Talmon,J. L. The Origins of Totalitarian Democracy. NYC: 1960
--|Romanticism and Revolution in Europe,1815-1847 (1967)
--|The Myth of the Nation and the Vision of Revolution: The Origins of Ideological Polarization in the Twentieth Century (1980) [00]

Tanter,Raymond,and Manus Midlarsky. “A Theory of Revolution”. Conflict Resolution 11,no. 3: 264-279 [00]

Willer,David,and G. K. Zollschan. “Prolegomenon to a Theory of Revolutions”. In G. K. Zollschan and Hirsch,eds., Explorations in Social Change. Boston: 1964 [00]

Wilson,Edmund. To the Finland Station: A Study in the Writing and Acting of History. LND: 1940;NYC: 1959;etc. HX36.W5 1972

Wolf,Eric. Peasant Wars of the Twentieth Century. NYC: 1969 [00] krx trx

Wolfenstein,E. Victor. The Revolutionary Personality| Princeton NJ: 1971 [00] psx trx

Woodside,A. B. Community and Revolution in Modern Vietnam (1976) [00] ~~rvs

Wright,Mary C. “Revolution from Without”. Comparative Studies in Society and History (January 1962) [00] ~~rvs

Yoder,Dale. “Current Definitions of Revolution”. American Journal of Sociology 32 (1926): 433-441. Elementary,but clearly organized summary,as of 1926 [00]

Atkinson,Dorothy. The End of the Russian Land Commune,1905-1930. Stanford: 1983

Communist Party of the Soviet Union. History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. MVA: 1938;1960. 2 eds: JN6598.k55e5

Dobranitskii,M. Sistematicheskii ukazatel' literatury po istorii russkoi revoliutsiii. MVA: 1926

Jackson,George,ed. Dictionary of the Russian Revolution. NYC: Greenwood,1989. REF DK265| [99]

Kochan,L| Russia in Revolution,1890-1918. London: 1966

Medvedev,Roy| The October Revolution

Sobolev,P. N.,et al.,eds| The Great October Socialist Revolution. Translated from the Russian by D. Skvirsky. Moscow: 1977. bbt.rqt 86.02

Williams,Beryl. The Russian Revolution,1917-1921. Oxford: 1987. DK265.W484

2. Revolutionary Situations, Secondary---??:

Alexander,John T. Emperor of the Cossacks: Pugachev and the Frontier Jacquerie of 1773-1775. Lawrence KS: 1873. DK183.A45

Byrnes,Robert F. Pobedonostsev: His Life and Thought. Bloomington: 1968

Clowes,Edith W. The Revolution in Moral Consciousness: Nietzsche in Russian Literature,1890-1914. DeKalb IL: NIUP,1988. PG3015.5.N46c46

Mazour,Anatole. The First Russian Revolution,1825: The Decembrist Movement;Its Origins,Development,and Significance. Stanford: 1961 [Reissue of Berkeley CA: 1937]

McDaniel,Tim. Autocracy,Capitalism,and Revolution in Russia. Berkeley CA: 1988. HD8526.M385

Meyendorff,Alexander. Background of the Russian Revolution. NYC: H. Holt & Co.,[1929]. DK265.M38

3. 1905, Secondary---??:

Birth,E. Die Oktobristen (1905-1913). Stuttgart: 1974

Curtiss,John Shelton. Church and State in Russia: The Last Years of the Empire,1900-1917. NYC: 1940

Mosse,W. E. “Stolypin's Villages”. Slavic and East European Review 43,no. 101 (June 1965): 257-274

Owen,Lancelot A. The Russian Peasant Movement,1906-1917. London: 1937. NoUO?

Ruckman,Jo Ann. Savva Morozov: A Moscow Entrepreneur on eve of Rus Rev. 81de17: bbt.rqt

4. 1917,Primary---??:

Bark,Peter N-1 at GHQ in Moh.RR

Beattie,Bessie. The Red Heart of Russia. NYC: 1918

Bonch-Bruevich,M. From Tsarist General to Red Army Commander | ((mlt))

Brusilov,Aleksei Alekseevich. A Soldier's Note-book,1914-1918. Westport CN: Greenwood Pr.,1971 [LND: 1930]. UO

Duff,James,ed. Russian Realities and Problems. 1917

Fabrichno-zavodskie komitety Petrograda v 1917 godu: Protokoly. MVA: Nauka,1979. HD6735.L4F3

Farson memoirs on industry in 1917 [Page.RR]

Foreign Policy Association. Russian-American Relations,March,1917-March,1920: Documents and Papers. Westport CN: 1977 [orig.: 1920]. E183.8.R9 F57
--|GO US Dpt of State

Gankin,Olga H.,and H. H. Fisher,eds. The Bolsheviks and the World War: The Origins of the Third International. Stanford: 1940,1960. 335.4 G155

Kossak-Szucka,Sophia [Page.RR]

McRoberts,Samuel| Russia: An Address before 7th Annual Banquet,Boston Chapter,American Institute of Banking. Boston: 1917. UO

Oktiabrskaia revoliutsiia i fabzavkomy. MVA: 1927;reprint, Millwood NY: Kraus Int. Pub.,1983. HD5660.S65o37

Petrogradskii Voenno-revoliutsionnyi Komitet: dokumenty i materialy. 3 vols. MVA-LGR: 1964-1967

Pokrovskii,M. N.,Ya. A. Yakovlev,et al.,eds| Arkhiv oktiabr'skoi revoliutsii: 1917 god v dokumentakh i materialakh. 10 volumes. (1925-1939)

Pollock,travel account [Page.RR]

Price,Morgan Philips| My Reminiscences of the Russian Revolution (1921). UO

Russian Revolution: Essays,Photographs,and Exerpts from Classic Works about the Men [sic] and Ideas that Shapped the Most Significant Revolution of the 20th Century. NYC: Macmillan,1967. DK265.a145

Sadoul,Jacques| Notes sur le Re'volution Bolchevique. PRS: 1920. noUO

Sazonov,S. D| Fateful Years,1909-1916. London: 1928

Taylor,Graham R. “The Revolution in the Provinces [unpublished diary and letters]”. In WRH3:604-615

Tret'ia vserossiiskaia konferentsiia professional'nykh soiuzov,3-11 iiulia (20-28 iiunia st. st.).... reprint,edited by Diane Koenker,Millwood NY: Kraus,1982. HD6732.V76

4. 1917,Secondary---??:

Andreev,A. M. [Andreyev]| The Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies on the Eve of the October Revolution,March-October,1917. Moscow: 1971

Anin,D. S|
*1967:Soviet Studies#4:435-457| “The February Revolution: Was the Collapse Inevitable?”
*1971:Rome|Revoliutsiia 1917 goda glazami ee rukovoditelei| ((DK265.A77))

Basil,John D| Mensheviks in the Revolution of 1917

Bobroff,Anne| *1973-1974jy:Soviet Studies#25/26| “The Bolsheviks and Working Women”

Boll,N. M| The Petrograd Armed Workers Movement in the February Revolution (February-July 1917). Washington DC: 1979

Brown,Edward J| Mayakovsky: Poet in the Revolution

Burke,William A| *1961se:Military Review:| “Guerrillas Without Morale--The White Russian Partisans”| ((mlt))

Donald,M| *1982:International Review of Social History#27:| “Bolshevik Activity Amongst the Working Women in Petrograd”

<>Dziewanowski,M. K.,ed| The Russian Revolution: An Anthology. NYC: 1970| ((sbr.ndr Contains:
Pares
Katkov
Sukhanov
Chamberlin
Trotsky
Daniels
Reed
}}

Evans,Alfred B| *1987sp:SlR#46,1:1-19| “Rereading Lenin's State and Revolution”

Heenan,Louise E| *1983:University of Texas PhD Dissertation| “Russia's Fatal Blunder: The Summer Offensive of 1917: Diplomatic,Military,Political and Social Aspects”

Lih,Lars T| Bread and Authority in Russia,1914-1921. BUC: 1990

Mandel,David| Petrograd Workers and the Fall of the Old Regime| v1= From the February Revolution to the July Day v2= From the July Days 1917 to June 1918. NYC: 1983-84. UO: HD8530.L5 M6 1983b;bbt.rqt 86.02

Mandel,Mark D| *1978:NYC Columbia University PhD Dissertation| “The Development of Revolutionary Consciousness Among the Industrial Workers of Petrograd between February and November 1917”

Mawdsley,Evan| The Russian Revolution and the Baltic Fleet: War and Politics,February 1917-April 1918| ((mlt nvy RREV3))

Munck,J. L| Kornilov Revolt: A Critical Examination of Sources and Research| Coronet Bks,1987

Rutgers,S. J| “Intellectuals and the Russian Revolution”. In Lenin et al., New Polices of Soviet Russia: 65-127

Savage,Harry H. “Official Policies and Relations of the United States with the Provisional Government of Russia,March-November,1917”. (University of Minnesota,1971)

Smith,Stephen Anthony| Red Petrograd: Revolution in the Factories,1917-1918. Cambridge ENG: 1983. HD8530.P472.S63

Sokol,E| The Revolt of 1916 in Russian Central Asia. Baltimore: 1954| ((RREV2 CAS ntn))

Suny,Ronald G| The Baku Commune,1917-1918: Class and Nationality in the Russian Revolution. Princeton: 1972| ((GRZ ntn RREV3))/p>

Ulam,Adam B| The Bolsheviks: The Intellectual and Political History of the Triumph of Communism in Russia. NYC: 1965. DK246.U4

Warth,Robert D| The Allies and the Russian Revolution: From the Fall of the Monarchy to the Peace of Brest-Litovsk. Durham: 1954

Wilson,Colin| Rasputin and the Fall of the Romanovs

<>Zeman,Z. A. B., and W. Scharlau| a{}
|>The Merchant of Revolution:the Life of A. I. Helphand (Parvus),1867-1924|L.ENG:1965| ((WW1 RREV3 Gwrx rvs SDs(b)))

5. Consolidation, Primary---??:

Cumming,Caroline King,et al.,eds. Russian-American Relations,March,1917-March,1920: Documents and Papers. Foreign Policy Association. Westport CN: Hyperion P.,1977 [1920]. E183.8.R9f57

Graves,William S| America's Siberian Adventure: 1918-1920. NYC: 1931

Ivanov-Razumnik reflection 20 yrs after [Moh.RR]

Kettle,Michael| Russia and the Allies,1917-1920

Kirby,D. G.,ed| Finland and Russia,1808-1920: From Autonomy to Independence;A Selection of Documents. NYC: 1976| ((noUO ntn FIN))

5. Consolidation, Secondary---??:

Carley,Michael J| Revolution and Intervention: The French Government and the Russian Civil War,1917-1919. Kingston CANADA: McGill-Queen's UP,1983. DK265..

Fediukin,S. A| --|Great October Revolution and the Intelligentsia: How the Old Intelligentsia Was Drawn into the Building of Socialism. MVA: 1975. 83mr31: bbt.rqt
--|Velikii Oktiabr' i intelligentsiia: Iz istorii vovlecheniia staroi intelligentsii v stroitel'stvo sotsializma. MVA: 1972

Getzler,Israel.|
Kronstadt,1917-1921: The Fate of a Soviet Democracy| Cambridge ENG: 1983| ((DK265.8.K7.G47))

Remington,Thomas F| Building Socialism in Bolshevik Russia: Ideology and Industrial Organization,1917-1921

Reshetar,J. S.,Jr| The Ukrainian Revolution,1917-1920: A Study in Nationalism| Princeton: 1952| ((ntn UKR RREV3 Gwrx))

Rigby,T. H| Lenin's Government: Sovnarkom,1917-1922| Cambridge ENG:1979| ((RREV3 Gwrx tUt SOV))

Sakwa,Richard| Soviet Communists in Power: A Study of Moscow during the Civil War,1918-21 (St. Martin's,1988). UO order

Smith,Canfield| Vladivostok under Red and White Rule: Revolution and Counter-revolution in the Russian Far East,1920-1922| ((DK265.8| Gwrx SBR))

RREV1.bbl---??:
NB! 2002no23:Printout with all this plus much more, it seems
CF=APL/kbk bbl

BIBLIOGRAPHY ON RREV1, WITH SPECIAL ATTENTION TO krx and stt.dmx
2002no02
Alan Kimball

<>Achkasov,A GO Sviatopolk-Mirskii

<>Afanas'ev,Yu. N.,ed|
|>Inogo ne dano: Sudby perestroiki,vgliadyvaias v proshloe,vozvrashchenie k budushchemu|MVA:“Progress”,1988| ((UO.jns Grb 674p))

<>Alekseev,A. S|
*1915:Yuridicheskii vestnik#11:40-1 etc|“Manifest 17 oktiabria 1905 g. i politicheskoe dvizhenie, ego vyzvavshee”| ((GRS:222 plt.mvt RREV1))

<>Anan'ich,B. V.,and R. Sh. Ganelin|
|>“Opyt kritiki memuarov S. Yu. Vitte”|In Voprosy istoriografii i istochnikovedeniia istorii SSSR (LGR:1963):298-375| ((GRS:119,220 hst.gph vsp Wtt rxn RREV1))
|>“S. Yu. Vitte i izdatel'skaia deiatel'nosti' 'bezobrazovskogo kruzhka'”|In Knizhnoe delo v Rossii vo vtoroi polovine XIX-nachale XX v. 4 (LGR:1989):59-78| ((GRS:119,186))

<>Arbuzov,AD|vsp|TsGAOR f.1000 [GRS:56]

<>Arkhiv russkoi revoliutsii|?? volumes|BRL:??| ((|>ARR prm RREV))

<>Bell,John|
|>Peasants in Power: Alexander Stamboliski and the Bulgarian Agrarian National Union, 1899-1923| ((UO BUL krx))

<>Berlin,P| a{}
*1911:Vestnik vospitaniia#2|“Krepostnaia intelligentsiia”| ((po-Somov:22 krx.ntg srf.ntg))

<>Birth,E|
|>Die Oktobristen (1905-1913)|Stuttgart:1974| ((noUO ndr RREV1 plt))

<>Bobrinskii,Aleksei Axr|
| “Dnevnik...”|1928:KrA#1/26:| ((GRS:115 prm dnv dvr gnt mfg RREV1))

<>Bogdanovich,A. V|
|>Tri poslednikh samoderzhtsa|MVA-LGR:1924| ((GRS:57 prm vsp stt.srv))

<>Brandt,A. A|
|>List'ia pozheltelye: Peredumannoe i perezhitoe|Belgrade:1930| ((GRS:185 prm vsp RREV1))

<>Carr,Edward Hallett| a{}
|>Russian Revolution and Peasants|:| ((AS122.L5 v.49 krx REV))

<>Chermenskii,Evgenii Dmitrievich,ed|
|>Pervaia rossiiskaia revoliutsiia 1905-1907 gg.:obzor sovetskoi i zarubezhnoi literatury;sbornik obzorov|MVA:INION AN SSSR,1991| ((UO sbr.ndr hst.gph RREV1 242p))

<>Chernukha,V. G|
|>Vnutrenniaia politika tsarizma s serediny 50-kh do nachala 80-kh gg XIX v|LGR:1978| ((GRS:51,184 stt tUt RS1 RS2))

<>Danilov,Viktor Petrovich,et al., eds| a{}
|>Dokumenty svidetelstvuiut: Iz istorii derevni nakanune i v khode kollektivizatsii 1927-1932 gg|MVA: Izd-vo polit. lit-ry,1989| ((525p bbl|DK266.A3 D65 1989 NEP STL.skz klx svx vlg nrd krx))
|>Kooperativno-kolkhoznoe stroitelstvo v SSSR,1917-1922: Dokumenty i materialy|Moskva : Nauka, 1990| ((HD1492.S65 K62 1990 396p bbl:398 ndx| prm))
|>Krestianskie khoziaistva, kolkhozy i sovkhozy SSSR v 1924/25-1927/28 gg|MVA:AkN,Institut istorii SSSR,1977| ((619p bbl|S469.R9K73 3v Po dannym nalogovykh svodok Narkomfina SSSR))
|>Krestianskoe vosstanie v Tambovskoi gubernii v 1919-1921 gg.:“Antonovshchina”--dokumenty i materialy|SERIES:Krestianskaia revoliutsiia v Rossii 1902-1922 gg|Tambov : Intertsentr : Arkhivnyi otdel administratsii Tambovskoi obl., 1994| ((DK265.8.T3 K74 1994|332p bbl ndx TAM gbx krx rbx GWX))
|>Mentalitet i agrarnoe razvitie Rossii, XIX-XX vv.: Materialy mezhdunarodnoi konferentsii, Moskva, 14-15 iiunia 1994 g|Moskva : ROSSPEN, 1996| ((HD1536.R9 M46 1996|439p bbl|Summary and table of contents also in English))
|>Ocherki istorii kollektivizatsii sel’skogo khoziaistva v soiuznykh respublikakh: Sbornik statei|Moskva : Gospolitizdat, 1963| ((558p bbl|HD1492.R9 D3))
|>Sovetskoe krestianstvo: Kratkii ocherk istorii, 1917-1969|Moskva, Izdo-vo, polit. lit-ry, 1970| ((508p HD1492.R9 S63))

<>Davidovich,A. M|
|>Samoderzhavie v epokhu imperializma|MVA:1975| ((GRS:222(217:D says RREV1 made cst.tsrism; cf.Sidel'nikov) stt))

<>Davis,Donald|
|>V. A. Maklakov:A Russian Statesman...| ((Birn,81de17:bbt.rqt ndr stt.dmx lbx RREV1))

<>Dmitrenko GO Pivovar

<>Dmitriev,S. S| a{}
|>Khrestomatiia po istorii SSSR:Posobie dlia uchitelei srednei shkoly|Volume 3:1857-1894|MVA:1948| ((rfr hst.gph))
|>Ocherki istorii russkoi kul'tury nachala XX veka:kniga dlia uchitelia|MVA:1985| ((DK246.D54 OWN clt RREV1|pdg))

<>Eiter,Richard H| a{}
|>“Organizational Growth and Revolutionary Tactics: Unity and Discord in the Socialist Revolutionary Party in Russia,1901-1907”|PhD dissertation,Pittsburgh University,1978| (( SRs RREV1))

<>Erman,L. K|
|>Intelligentsiia v pervoi russkoi revoliutsii|MVA:Nauka,1966| ((OWN ndr ntg RREV1 noWbr))

<>Firsov,B. M., and I. G. Kiseleva| a{}
|>Byt velikorusskikh krest’ian-zemlepashtsev: Opisanie materialov etnograficheskogo biuro kniazia V. N. Tenisheva (na primere Vladimirskoi gubernii)| SPB:Izd.Evropeiskogo Doma,1993| ((|>BVK|890s (w/few earlier & later exceptions):VLA.gbx here|krx xtx RXV OWN)

<>Freeze,Gregory L|
*1969mr:SlR#28:81-91| “A National Liberation Movement and the Shift in Russian Liberalism, 1901-1903”| (( Zmv lbx RREV1| Emmons,Formation:232 cites re.Wbr & RUS lbx not ekn but Lebenshaltung;Freeze employs only bürgerliche Intelligenz [ASS 22:243-4],for whatever subtle distinction that suggests))
--|In O&S| “Church and politics in late Imperial Russia: crisis and radicalization of the clergy”

<>Gal'perin,Grigorii Borisovich |
*1939:UZ.LGR iuridicheskogo instituta#1:44+| “K voprosu ob istorii vozniknoveniia Gosudarstvennoi dumy (Bulyginskoi dumy)”| ((GRS:185 RREV1))

<>Gal'perin,Grigorii Borisovich,Aleksei Ivanovich Korolev,and Nina Ivanovna Vasil'eva|
|>Pervaia rossiiskaia revoliutsiia i samoderzhavie|LGR:LGU,1975| ((UO RREV1 stt 151p| GRS:222 86:quotes Reisner,MA re.“absoliutizme, priniavshem formy lzhekonstitutsionalizma” Wbr.idl))

<>Ganelin,R. Sh|
*1980:VoI#1:??|“Kanun 'Krovavogo voskresen'ia':Tsarskie vlasti 6-8 ianvaria 1905 g”|
*1983:VID#14:229-49|“K istorii teksta petitsii 9 ianvaria 1905 g”| ((GRS:81 stt rfm RREV1))
*1983:VID#15:172-4 etc|“Ukaz 18 fevralia 1905 g. o petitsiiakh i pravitel'stvennaia politika”| ((Ganelin:119 prm ptn lwx stt.plt cf. also 1987:VID#18 & 1989:VID#20 for other prm re.this ukaz [Ganelin:188]))
*1985:VID#27:|“Bitva dokumentov v srede tsarskoi demokratii,1899-1901”| ((Ganelin:83 arx hst.gph))
*1990:ODR#14:|“Politicheskie uroki osvoboditel'nogo dvizheniia v otsenke stareishikh tsarskikh biurokratov”| ((Ganelin:185))
| “K predystorii 'Krovavogo voskresen'ia'”|In Margolis,Novoe...:122-31|
*1989:LGR| “Peterburgskii universitet i pravitel'stvennaia politika:Iz istorii studencheskogo dvizheniia”|In Ocherki po istorii Leningradskogo universiteta#6| ((Ganelin:117 unv SPU std))
*1991:SPB, “Nauka”|>Rossiiskoe samoderzhavie v 1905 godu: Reformy i revoliutsiia| ((|>GRS|OWN|This is a blow-by-blow account of the struggle between tsarist reform and social revolution. But the focus here is not on the political parties and popular movements that dominate the current scholarship. Ganelin is no beginner,but he stretches his wings here in a way impossible before perestroika. He builds on the work of
Yurii Solov'ev and
Georgii Gal'perin
and pushes into a new era of scholarship in company with
Evgenii Chermenskii and
Kornelii Shatsillo.
In his introduction he acknowledges American scholars Terence Emmons and Andrew Verner,though he does not cite them in his text. He does cite Lenin once in each chapter,but,whatever his roots in Soviet historiography,he is here branching outward toward the venerable “statist school” of Russian history. He is “bringing the state back in”.
Ganelin details the parry and thrust of four rounds of conflict within the governmental apparatus and between state and society. Each round ended in a decisive moment:
1904de12:tsarist decree which offered half-hearted promises of extensive political reform,
1905fe18:Bulygin rescript which hinted at representative govement,
1905au05:Bulygin constitutional draft which so disappointed public opinion,and,finally,
1904oc:the October Manifesto itself
The rhythm of Ganelin's narrative builds toward each of these decisive moments rather than from them.
At first the Tsar tried to co-opt liberal opposition and popular discontent,but failed. Then came forced and disingenuous concessions to “civil society” [obshchestvennost’] and to other social “strata”. Tsarist authorities sought public acquiescence to imperial policy,but the public held these policies to be unjust,unwise and unsuccessful. The disastrous Russo-Japanese War dragged on. Society sensed that the state was now weakened and irresolute. The Bulygin Duma seemed too little,too late. Official concessions were doomed,yet the mechanism of institutional reform moved forward of its own momentum,propelled by conflicts within the ministries and the court,as much as by the pressure of civic unrest.
Ganelin views the action from the state's corner,even though he is not partisan to the state. We sometimes forget that the statist school of Russian history divides into two camps:all acknowledge the dominance of central authority,but one camp approves of this while the other deplores it. Here action centers on the deliberations of leading figures in the Council of Ministers [Sovet ministrov],first of all on Sergei Witte. Ganelin devotes fresh attention to a series of ministerial position papers generated in connection these sessions. Out of a variety of archival funds and published sources,the breadth of which we are not accustomed to seeing in Russian scholarship,Ganelin traces the emergence of a reluctant and narrow plurality of opinion among leading grandees:loyalty to the sovereign aside,autocracy no longer worked. The empire needed a unified ministerial structure and a representative assembly,it needed basic civil rights to allow such an assembly to work,but it didn't need public disorder and economic collapse. In the etiology of the Russian revolution,the logic of the reform struggle within the state itself was one of several independent variables along with social grievance and financial disorder.
With the October Manifesto,Emperor Nicholas II offered revolutionary perestroika but hoped for no more than short-term calm. In fact he and his minions propelled the Empire into political turmoil which can rightly be called the first modern revolution in Russia and an essential moment in the process that led to the collapse of the old regime in 1917,the establishment of the Soviet Union,and the massive events of our own time))
|>GO Russia|Council of Ministers

<>Gessen,I. V|
|>“V dvukh vekakh:Zhiznennyi otchet”|ARR 22 (BRL:1937):??| ((GRS:81,115 prm vsp RREV1))

<>Ginev,V. N| a{}
|>Bor'ba za krest'ianstvo i krizis russkogo neonarodnichestva,1902-1914 gg|LGR:1983| ((JN6598.A1 G56 1983| krx ppl RREV1 SRs))
|>Narodnicheskoe dvizhenie v srednem povolzh'e,70-e gody XIX veka|MVA-LNG:1966| ((OWN gbx RS2 SAR ppl))

<>GPB.OR| RXV used by Ganelin
f.1000 (Arbuzov,AD vsp) [GRS:56]

<>Guchkov,Aleksandr Ivan|
| “Iz vospominanii...”|Poslednie novosti 5616 (PRS:1936au09):| ((GRS:187 prm vsp RREV1))

<>Gusev,K. V., and Kh. A. Eritsian| a{}
|>Ot soglashatel'stva k konterrevoliutsii: Ocherki istorii politicheskogo bankrotstva i gibeli partii sotsialistov-revoliutsionerov| MVA:Akad.obshch.nauk pri KPSS,1968| (( SRs hst.gph RREV1))

<>Gusev,K. V., ed| a{}
|>Intelligentsiia i revoliutsiia: XX vek|Nauchnyi sovet po kompleksnoi probleme “Istoriia velikoi oktiabr'skoi sotsialisticheskoi revoliutsii;” nauchnyi sovet “istoriia sotisalisticheskogo i kommunisticheskogo stroitel'stva v SSSR”|MVA:1985| ((HX 528.I575 1985| sbr ntg std.mvt RREV1 2 &3 obx|Stepanskii“Obshchestvennye| Ivanov,A. E.,“Problemy izucheniia studencheskogo dvizheniia v trekh rossiiskikh revoliutsiiakh”))

<>Gusev,K. V| a{}
|>Partiia eserov: Ot melkoburzhuaznogo revoliutsionizma k kontrrevoliutsii; istoricheskii ocherk|MVA:1975| ((Hkd ~~Kitaev title & lgcN SRs plt.pty|382p))

<>Harcave,Sidney,ed|
|>Readings in Russian History| v1= ”From Ancient Times to the Abolition of Serfdom”| v2= ”The Modern Period”|N.NY:1962| ((|>HRR|noUO & cannot locate vender OWN sbr|sbr.ndr|
Coolidge Plea for N.EUR hst
Chubaty Def.RUS & UKR
VoI periodization
Kerner Eastward frn mvt ASA MPR
Morrison Warm Water
MlkP EUAism
Toynbee BYZ Heritage
Obolensky BYZ
Rostovtzeff Origin of stt
Riasanovsky Norman.trx
KqvVO St.Sergius
Dewey 1479 Sudebnik
Raeff absolutism trx
Platonov I-4
Keep ZmS
VrnG srf
Spinka Nikon
Sumner P-1
Lipski Anna
Beloff dvr
Gorodetzky dxv scl
Lord 3rd POL rzm
Kutuzov&Nwrx
Squire Tsct
Berlin,Marvellous
Curtiss N-1 mlt
Raeff stt.srv
vol.2:
Tomoshenko skz stt prg &WW1
Portal mfg
Sumner PSLV
Byrnes Pbd
Von Laue Witte
Baron Plx
Karpovich 2 lbx
Godwin Portsmouth RJwrx
Schapiro Vexi
Florinsky WW1
Katkov GRM
Scott QKa
Utechin SDs(b)
Belov STL.skz
Jasny xtx
Labedz ntg
Gsovski chx lwx
Karpovich cnp
Matloff WW2
Mosely CWX
Gurian irx
))

<>Haumann,H|
|>Kapitalismus im zaristischen Staat, 1906-1917|Königstein:1980| ((ndr ekn brz ntr mfg RREV1 ntr))

<>Isaev| a{}
*1898:vqt, ekn, krx [Page.RR] prm

<>Izgoev,A. S|
| “Iz istorii padeniia samoderzhaviia: Pered sozdaniem bulyginskoi dumy”|TsGALI,f.1208,op.1,d.18,l.4-8| ((GRS:184 prm arx))
in Vexi & IzG

<>Izvolskii,A. P| Recollections of a Foreign Minister: Memoirs of Alexander Iswolsky. Translated from the Russian by C. L. Seeger. Garden City NY: 1921

<>Johnson,Robert Eugene| a{}
|>Peasant and Proletarian: The Working Class of Moscow in the Late Nineteenth Century|New Brunswick:1979| ((HD8530.M62.J63| krx prl clx))
|>avc & lbx:Zmv xtx [Emmons,Zemstvo]

<>Jurgins,I??|
|>??re.RREV1

<>Kahan,Arcadius| a{}
| “The 'Hereditary Workers' Hypothesis and the Development of a Factory Labor in Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century Russia,” in Education and Economic Development|EBy C. A. Anderson and M. J. Bowman|C.IL:1965| (( krx prl RREV clx sSs pbl RUS3))

<>Kamenev,Yu. K., ed| a{}
|>Ukazatel' sotsial'demokraticheskoi literatury na russkom iazyke, 1881-1905 gg|Second edition|MVA:1922| ((IISG=R3fol./39,39A;40| rfr bbl SDs RREV1|1st ed.,Paris:1913))

<>Kliachko (L'vov),L|
|>Povesti proshlogo|LGR:1930| ((GRS:51 prm vsp RREV1))

<>Knight,Amy W| a{}
|>The KGB: Police and Politics in the Soviet Union|B.MA:1988| ((hv8224.k57| plc USA5))
|>The Participation of Women in the Revolutionary Movement in Russia from 1890 to 1914|Dissertation...??|L.ENG:1977| (( wmn RREV1))

<>Kochan,Lionel| a{}
|>Russia in Revolution, 1890-1918|L.ENG:1966| (( gnr RREV Wbr))

<>Korolev,A. I|
|>Gosudarstvennaia vlast' i rabochii klass SSSR|LGR:1980| ((GRS:222 stt prl))
GO Gal'perin

<>Kovalev,I. F|
*1941:KrA#2/105:| “Tsarizm v bor'be s revoliutsionnoi pechat'iu v 1905 g”| ((GRS:185 cnp tpg RREV1 ftr=SI? [Shteppa]))

<>Krest'ianskoe dvizhenie 1905-1907 gg. v Tambovskoi gubernii: Sbornik dokumentov|TAM:1957|1(|>KD.TAM|58-5/766|RREV1 gbx))

<>Krest'ianskoe dvizhenie v Belorussii posle otmeny krepostnogo prava (1861-1862 gg.): Dokumenty i materialy|Minsk:1959| ((|>KD.BRUS|GPB 59-5/4136))

<>Krest'ianskoe dvizhenie v Kazanskoi gubernii nakanune Velikoi Oktiabr’skoi sotsialisticheskoi revoliutsii: Sbornik dokumentov| KZN:1950| ((|>KD.KZN|60-5/4489| RREV2 gbx vlg))

<>Krest'ianskoe dvizhenie v Poltavskoi i Khar’kovskoi guberniiakh v 1902 g.: Sbornik dokumentov|XRK:1961| ((|>KD.XRK|GPB 62-5/627| 158 docs| RREV1 gbx vlg))

Series:Krest'ianskoe dvizhenie v Rossii v XIX-nachale XX veka|EBy N. M. Druzhinin|8 volumes|MVA-LGR:1961-1968| ((May-Dec. 1861 and 1889-1907 unaccounted in LCo catalogues))

<>Krest'ianskoe dvizhenie v Rossii v XIX-nachale XX vv.: Obzor publikatsii gosudarstvennykh arkhivov SSSR|MVA:1963| ((LCo Z7165.R9P3 |81p| rfr krx RXV ??listed under Paine,E??))

<>Krest'ianskoe dvizhenie v Tambovskoi gubernii v pervoi chetverti XX veka|>Baranov,V|TAM:1996| ((Pbbt| gbx vlg RREV))

<>Krest'ianskoe dvizhenie v Voronezhskoi gubernii (1861-1863 gg.): Dokumenty i materialy|Voronezh:1961| ((|>KD.VOR1|BAN|GPB 62-5/627|75 docs|135pp))

<>Krichevskii,M GO Suvorin,A

<>Krivoguz,I., and ?? Mnukhina| a{}
|>Mezhdunarodnoe znachenie revoliutsii 1905-1907 godov|MVA:1955| ((947.08 K899| RREV1|noWbr,just GRM SDs))

<>Krivoshein,A. V|
| “Zemel'naia politika i krest'ianskii vopros”|TsGIA f.1571,op.1,d.45,l.15-16| ((GRS:120 prm arx skz cf.bbl/Witte))

<>Krizis samoderzhaviia v Rossii, 1895-1917|LGR:1984| ((GRS:53 sbr stt tUt RREV1 RREV2 Wtt.mmo Anan'ich,BV re.Plv))

<>Kuleshov,Sergei Vladimirovich|
*1986:MVA, Izd-vo polit. lit-ry|>XII sezd RKP(b)| ((JNS ndr? CMN SDb Gwrx NEP SSR 76p))

<>Kurmacheva,M. D| a{}
|>Krepostnaia intelligentsiia Rossii vtoraia polovina XVIII-nachalo XIX veka|MVA:1983| ((UO| srf srf krx ntg))

<>Levin,Sh. M| a{}
| “K voprosu ob istoricheskikh osobennostiakh russkogo utopicheskogo sotsializma”|IsZ 26 (1948):| (( scx NTR))
| “N. I. Utin o 'Zemle i vole' i urokakh revoliutsionnogo dvizheniia 60-kh godov”|LiN (87):359-397| ((prm ZiV UtnN RSc.Ntx1))
|>Obshchestvennoe dvizhenie v Rossii v 60--70-e gody XIX veka|MVA:1958| ((R282/32 OWN gnr RS1 ppl RS2))
|>Ocherki po istorii russkoi obshchestvennoi mysli,vtoraia polovina XIX--nachalo XX veka|LGR:1974| ((OWN ndr gnr pbl.idl RS1 RS2 RREV1))

<>Loginov,V. (Vladlen),1929-|GO Kuleshov,S

<>Lopukhin,A. A|
|>Otryvki iz vospomanii|MVA-PGR:1923| ((GRS:51,81 prm vsp RREV1))

<>Lukomskii,Aleksandr S.,General| Memoirs of the Russian Revolution. DK265..

<>Male,D. J| a{}
|>Russian Peasant Organization before Collectivization: A Study of Commune and Gathering, 1925-1930|C.ENG:CUP,1971| (( vlg.o krx orx NEP))

<>Malefakis,E. E| a{}
|>Agrarian Reform and Peasant Revolution in Spain:Origins of the Civil War(1970)| (( skz SPN.krx.rfm rvs CIV))

<>Mandel,James I| a{}
*1978:NYC Columbia University PhD Dissertation| “Paternalistic Authority in the Russian Countryside,1856-1906”| (( gbx krx vlg.o))

<>Margolis,Yu. D.,ed|
|>Novoe o revoliutsii 1905 g|LGR:1989| ((GRS:51,81 sbr.ndr RREV1 Remnev,AV re.unified stt))

<>Marushkin,Boris Ilich,G. Z. Ioffe,and N. V. Romanovskii|
|>Tri revoliutsii v Rossii i burzhuaznaia istoriografiia|MVA:Mysl,1977| ((UO.jns RREV hst.gph 279p bbl ndx))

<>McKean,Robert B| a{}
|>The Russian Constitutional Monarchy,1907-1917|L.ENG:1977| (( stt.dmx))
|>St.Petersburg Between the Revolutions:Workers and Revolutionaries,June 1907-February 1917|N.CN:YUP,??| (( prl rvs zvd RREV2 RUS3))

<>Mendeleev,P. P|
| “Svet i teni v moei zhizni (1864-1933 gg.):Obryvki vospominanii”|Bakhmet.arx| ((GRS:188 prm vsp RREV1))

<>Mironenko,K. N|
*1948:UZ.LGU|Series:Yuridich. nauk#1:354 etc| “ministrov po ukazu 19 oktiabria 1905 g”| ((GRS:219 stt tUt SoM RREV1 Sol'skii))

<>Mizhuev,P|
*1904:Russkaia mysl'#4:125-154|“Zarozhdenie velikoi respubliki”| ((prm mnt RREV1 USA4))

<>Mosolov,A. A|
|>Pri dvore imperatora|RIGA:nd| ((GRS:81,220 prm vsp stt RREV1))

<>Murav'ev,V. A GO Volobuev,O

<>Murzanova,M GO Bobrinskii,AA

<>Nardova,V. A(NB??)|
*1978:VID#9:??|“Zakonodatel'nye dokumenty 60-kh gg. XIX v. ob adresakh na 'vysochaishee imia'”| ((GRS:81 prm lwx adr ptn pbl))

<>Oberländer,Erwin, et al.,eds|
|>Russia Enters the Twentieth Century,1894-1917|NYC:Schocken Books,1971. GO Schultz,L

<>Paustovskii,Konstantin|
|>The Story of a Life|NYC:Random,??| ((prm vsp pst blt RREV1 SSR))

<>Pirumova,N. M| a{}
|>Istoricheskie vzgliady A. I. Gertsena|MVA:1956| ((OWN ndr hst Hzn))
|>Zemskaia intelligentsiia i ee rol v obshchestv...|:| ((DK189.P58| Zmv ntg in uzz~ & vlg ~~krx? pbl))
|>Zemskoe liberal'noe dvizhenie: Sotsial'nye korni i evoliutsiia do nachala XX veka|MVA:1977| ((5x8“Zemstvo lbx~”|See also rvw in 8x11 svt. UCBJS6058.P535| bxo.xtx Zmv lbx|890:902;241 Zmv lbx!! wrd.hst: 1)mmb in ilg or semi-lgl orx|2)expressed lbx idl|3)wrk in VEO or Kgrm.VEO|She plowed through mountain of material&got only 241 lbx [600 mmb resigned in 895:when Kgrm absorbed into stt!]))

<>Poliakov,Yu. A.,V.P. Dmitrenko,and E.I. Pivovar|
|>Sotsialno-klassovye otnosheniia v sovetskom obshchestve: Sbornik statei|MVA:Akademiia nauk SSSR,In-t istorii SSSR,1984| ((clx pbl SSR 140p bbl))

<>Polovtsov,A. A|
*1923:KrA#4:64etc| “Dnevnik...”| ((219 prm dvn RREV1))

<>Portal,Roger, et al., eds| a{}
|>Le Statut des paysans liberes du servage, 1861-1961: Recueil d'articles et de documents...|PRS:Mouton, 1963| ((HT807.P6 |310p bbl| prm krx srf))

<>Prevo,Kathleen M|
*1979:Indiana University PhD Dissertation| “The Revolution of 1905 in Voronezh: The Labor Movement and Political Consciousness in a Russian Provincial City”| ((ndr VOR.gbx prl RREV1 plt REV))

<>Rainer,Wilhelm| a{}
|>“Darovannaia” konstitutsiia i kontr-revoliutsiia|BRL:Verlag der Stuhr'schen Buchh.,1906| ((UCLA:DK 63 R13d RREV1 cst rxn))

<>Romanov,K|
*1931:KrA#1/44:| “Iz dnevnika...”| ((GRS:117 prm dnv RREV1))

&<>Romanovskii GO Marushkin

<>Roosa,Ruth|
*1975:RHi#2/2:124-148| “Russian Industrialists, Politics, and Labor Reform in 1905”| ((ndr mfg prl rfm RREV1 Wbr??))
|>kng

<>Saburov,P. A|
|>GO GRS:108-9,119-20|79:84;BRL irx gave advice re.cst in RREV1 [TsGIA]

<>Safonov,M. M. GO Ostrovskii,AV

<>Sakulin,P. N| a{}
*1905:Vestnik vospitaniia#4:??| “A. N. Pypin,ego nauchnye zaslugi i obshchestvennye vzgliady”| ((noUCB|idl svt))
*1911:DVR 4:66-104| “Krepostnaia ntg??”| (( krx srf srf ntg))
*1913:MVA|>Iz istorii russkogo idealizma: Kniaz' V. F. Odoevskii|Volume 1,parts 1-2| ((UCB:836 o249 s15| OdoVF bxo idl))
*1913oc:GoM#10| “Izpoved’ raznochintsa”| ((po-Somov:24 rzn prl wrk))
*1914:Vestnik vospitaniia#4| “Sotsiologicheskaia satira”| ((po-Somov:24))

<>Scheibert,Peter|
|>Die russischen politischen Parteien von 1905 bis 1917: Ein Dokumentationsband|Darmstadt:1972| ((sbr.prm RREV1 stt.dmx plt pty rvs))

<>Schultz,Lothar|
| “Constitutional Law in Russia”|In Oberländer,et al.:??| ((xrx 8x11 Wbr ndr cst lwx Wbr))

<>Shatrov,Mikhail (1932-:pfm.pst) GO Kuleshov

<>Shelokhaev,V. V| a{}
|>Ideologiia i politicheskaia organizatsiia rossiiskoi liberal’noi burzhuazii|MVA:1991|3((lbx brz plt pty~ plt.clt USA RREV1))

<>Shuster,U. A|
|>Peterburgskie rabochie v 1905-1907 gg|LGR:1976| ((GRS:83 SPB prl RREV1 Shteppa:195,199-200))

<>Sidel'nikov,S. M|
|>Obrazovanie i deiatel'nost' pervoi Gosudarstvennoi dumy|MVA:1962| ((GRS:222(217:crt S assertion that mfo didn't change orx of stt,or limit autocr; cf.Davidovich) stt.dmx1 RREV1))

<>Skripilev,E.A|
|>on early RUS cstism, RREV1 plt.clt|1991:Sovetskoe gosudarstvo i pravo#3:26-35| ((Stepanov,I cites))

<>Smirnov,Nikolai| a{}br /> **1785jy15|“Pokazanie -- avtobiografiia krepostnogo kniazei Golitsynykh Nikolaia Smirnova, arestovannogo za poytku bezhat’ zagranitsu i drugie pravonarusheniia”|EBy K. V. Sivkov|1950:IsA#2,5:289-99| ((krx.ntg srf))

<>Smith,R. E. F., ed| a{}br /> |>Russian Peasant,1920 and 1984|1977:Library of Peasant Studies#4| ((sbr krx STL.skz FYP))

<>Smith,R. E. F| a{}
|>The Enserfment of the Russian Peasantry|:| ((HD714.S54| srf krx))
|>Peasant Farming in Muscovy|C.ENG:CUP,1977| ((HD1551.R9s6|krx skz ekn vqt))

<>Solov’ev,Yurii B|>SlvYuB| a{}
*1973:1981:1990; LGR, Nauka|>Samodershavie i dvorianstvo|3 volumes|1:“v kontse XIX veka”|2:“1902-1907 gg”|3:“1907-1914 gg”|1981,1990| ((1:JN6540.s65 2:DK262.s54 3:...s543 RREV1 stt dvr))

<>Sotsialistov-revoliutsionerov,Partiia|>SRs| a{}
|>Protokoly pervogo s”ezda...|Edited with notes by Maureen Perrie|Millwood NY:Kraus,1983| ((JN6598.S67|to Birn,82fe2:bbt.rqt))
|>Protokoly pervoi obshche-partiinoi konferentsii...,avgust 1908|EIBy Manfred Hildermeier|Millwood NY:Kraus,1984| ((PN6598.S67| prm 298p))
|>Protokoly vtorogo (ekstrennogo s”ezda...)|White Plains NY:Kraus,1986| ((JN6598.S65| prm SRs RREV1 pty idl))

<>Spirin,L. M| a{}
|>Krushenie pomeshchich’ikh i burzhuaznykh partii v Rossii|MVA:1977| (( pty brz gnt plt RREV1 Wbr?))

<>Stepanov,I. M|>SteIM| a{}
|>“Grani rossiiskogo konstitutsionalizma (XX vek)”|In E. K. Glushko,et al.,eds.,Konstitutsionnyi stroi Rossii(MVA: Institut gosudarstva i prava RAN,1992):30-47| ((UO sbr cst USA|for early hst,follows E. A. Skripilev in\Sovetskoe gosudarstvo i pravo\3(1991):26-35|Touches on RREV1 & early SSR|Pp.41-47 deals w/recent events))

<>Stepanskii,A. D| a{}
|>Istoriia obshchestvennykh organizatsii dorevoliutsionnoi Rossii: Uchebnoe posobie|MVA:1979| ((|>SIO OWN ndr obx pbl RREV1))
|>Obshchestvennye organizatsii Rossii na rubezhe XIX-XX vv|MVA:1982| (( pbl obx orx RREV1))

<>Sverchkov,Dm|
*1925mr15:Ogonek#12/103:| “Pervye professional'nye soiuzy v Rossii”| ((GRS:185 avc unx RREV1))

<>Sviatopolk-Mirskaia,E. A|
*1965:IsZ#77:241 etc|“Dnevnik ... za 1904-1905 gg”| ((GRS:51,115 prm dnv RREV1))

<>Tagantsev,N. S|
|>Perezhitoe: Uchrezhdenie Gosudarstvennoi Dumy v 1905-1906 gg|PGR:1919| ((GRS:189 prm vsp RREV1 stt.dmx1))

<>Trepov,Dmitrii Fdr*|
*1925:KrA#4-5/11-12:449 etc| “Iz bumag...”|EBy Yu. Oksman| ((GRS:185 prm stt.srv plc RREV1))

<>Trusov,N. S.,ed|
*1955:MVA|>Nachalo pervoi russkoi revoliutsii: Dokumenty i materialy| ((GRS:115 prm RREV1))

<>TsGALI|
f.1208 [GRS:184]

<>TsGAOR|
f.601 [GRS:56]
f.891 [GRS:189]
f.1729 [GRS:56,120,185,187-9,219]

<>TsGIA|
b-ka,kol.pech.zapisok [GRS:57-8,117 etc]
f.472 [GRS:119]
f.727 [GRS:57-8,82-3,115-6,120,185,220]
f.922 [GRS:58-9,82-3,116,186,219]
f.1099 [GRS:82,4,115-6,18,184,8]
f.1276 [GRS:83,117-21,184-6,188]
f.1282 [GRS:82,121,184,90]
f.1544 [GRS:186-91;219-22]
f.1571 [GRS:120]
f.1622 [GRS:51-3,5,8,83,119,187,8,219,21]

<>TsGIA|
Lit. SSR [GRS:190]

<>Ushakov,A. V| a{}
|>Revoliutsionnoe dvizhenie demokraticheskoi intelligentsii v Rossii, 1895-1904|MVA:1976| ((rvw,Kritika| ntg rvs.mvt RREV1))

<>Vasil'eva GO Gal'perin

<>Volobuev,Oleg Vladimirovich,and V.A. Murav'ev|
|>Leninskaia kontseptsiia revoliutsii 1905-1907 godov v Rossii i sovetskaia istoriografiia|MVA:Mysl,1982| ((RREV1 hst.gph Lnn idl 238p))

<>Voprosy sotsial'no-ekonomicheskogo razvitiia i revoliutsionnogo dvizheniia v Rossii|MVA:1977| ((GRS:83 sbr RREV1 rvs.mvt Ivanov,AE))

<>Vspomogatel'nye istoricheskie distsipliny|LGR:| ((|>VID| D1.V8))

<>Vucinich,Wayne, ed| a{}
|>The Peasant in Nineteenth Century Russia|S.CA:1968| ((|>VP9| OWN krx sbr.ndr|
Matossian,Mary.krx Way of Life|
Emmons,Terence & krx.rfm|
Treadgold & rlg|
Curtiss,J. S. & mlt|
Watter,Francis M. & vlg.o|
Zelnik & zvd|
Petrovich,Michael. in 19th c. hst.gph|
Fanger,Donald. in blt|
Riasanovsky,N. V. Afterword:Prb of krx
))

SAC.RREV1---??:

Primary Sources

<>Hobsbawm,E.J| a{}e{}
|>Primitive Rebels: Studies in Archaic Forms of Social Movement in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries|| ((trx krx.rvs))

<>Jaurès,Jean| a{}e{914} ((views on RREV1 G/PREV:216-17))

<>Liebknecht,Karl| a{}e{}
*1905fe12(NS):speech on RREV1| ((G/PREV:192-3 rvw))

<>Mehring,Franz|
re.RREV1 ((G/PREV:194-6 rvw))

<>Münzer,Thomas| a{490c}e{525}
|>Revelation and Revolution: Basic Writings...| ((GRM 1525:krx.rbx Rfmion; ?contains Rebell in Christo?))

<>Norman,Henry| a{858}e{939
}r{
*1904:NYC|>All the Russias: Travels and Studies...| ((trv RREV1))
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Padenie tsarskogo rezhima| ((>PCR| UW RREV2 VRM))

Secondary Sources

<>Arnot, R. Page| a{}
|>A Short History of the Russian Revolution, from 1905 to the Present Day|v1=1905-1917 v2=1917-[1937]|LND:1937| ((RREV1 RREV2 RREV3 STL G/PREV.rvw))

<>Gal’perin,Grigorii Boris*|With Aleksei Ivanovich Korolev, and Nina Ivanovna Vasil’eva| a{}
|>Pervaia rossiiskaia revoliutsiia i samoderzhavie| LGR:LGR.unv,1975| ((DK263.v32 GRS:222| RREV1 stt|151p|86:quotes Reisner,MA re.“absolyutizme, prinyavwem formy ljekonstitucionalizma” Wbr.idl))

<>Penner,A. J.| a{}
*1955:National Affairs (Toronto)#13,12:28-37| re.RREV1 impact in Winnepeg| ((G/PREV:162-7))

<>Peregudov,Sergei| a{}
*1993my01:Sociological research#32,3:6-|“Civil Society As a Political Phenomenon”| ((UNCOVER NWO cvc.pbl plt))

<>Pervaia russkaia revoliutsiia (k 70-letiiu nachala revoliutsii 1905-1907 gg.): Referativnyi sbornik|MVA:1974| ((|>PREV| OWN| Wbr mentioned on p.255))

<>Pinkney,David| a{}e{}
*1964oc:AHR#?:1-17| “The Crowd in the French Revolution of 1830”| (())

<>Root,Hilton L| a{}
|>Peasants and King in Burgundy: Agrarian Foundations of French Absolutism| ((Melton recommend| gnr trx obx krx lnd mnx stt|Confirms Tcq argument that stt replacd dvr as primary plt force|Unlike Tcq,R sd strong stt “actually increased the power of the community” [12] Royal apx promoted collective ownership of prperty & collective responsibility fr debts in order to extract good and service frm krx|“the crp vlg became a vital component of the centralized stt structure” [10]))

<>Roosa,Ruth| a{}
*1975:RHi#2,2:124-148| “Russian Industrialists, Politics, and Labor Reform in 1905”| ((mfg prl rfm.rvx RREV1|Wbr??))
|>Book on same topic|

<>Scheibert,Peter| a{}
|>Von Bakunin zu Lenin: Geschichte der russischen revolutionären Ideologien 1840-1895| ((rvs idl rdx BknM anx NOndx))

<>Shlapentokh,Dmitrii|
|>French Revolution in Russian Intellectual Life, 1865-1905|| ((FREV mnt))

<>Shelokhaev,V. V| a{}
|>Ideologiia i politicheskaia organizatsiia rossiiskoi liberal’noi burzhuazii| ((lbx brz plt pty~ plt.clt USA RREV1))

<>Watters,F. M| a{}
*1966:University of California,Berkeley, PhD Dissertation| “Land Tenure and Financial Burdens of the Russian Peasant,1861-1905”| ((krx ekn skz RREV1))

<>Zyrianov,P. N| a{}
|>Pravoslavnaia tserkov’ v bor’be s revoliutsiei, 1905-1907 gg| ((GRS:185| RREV1 chx rxn))

<>Zyrianov,P. N., and V.V. Shelokhaev|
|>Pervaia russkaia revoliutsii v Amerikanskoi i angliiskoi burzhuaznoi istoriografii|1976| ((OWN RREV1 hst.gph USA))

etc.re.ntn---??:

<>Alexeyeva,Ludmilla| a{}
|>Soviet Dissent:Contemporary Movements for National,Religious, and Human Rights|:Wesleyan U. Press 1985| ((Hrgt.mvt dsn rlg ntn|is name correct??;seeSuny rvw in 8x11))

<>Azrael,J., ed| a{}
|>Soviet Nationality Policies and Practices|N.NY:1978| ((sbr ntn SSR))

<>Bennigsen,Alexandre, and Chantal Lemercier-Quelquejay| a{}
|>Les mouvements nationaux chez les musulmans de Russie| SERIES: Societe et ideologies;2e Serie,Documents et temoignages,3|PRS:Mouton,1960-| ((BP65.R8 B4|bbl| sbr.prm ISL ntn pbl.mvt plt.mvt fdr RUS2))

<>Bialer,Seweryn, ed| a{}
|>Politics,Society, and Nationality: Inside Gorbachev’s Russia|Boulder:1989| ((DK288.P66| sbr Grb etc ntn))

<>Blakely,Allison| a{}
|>Russia and the Negro: Blacks in Russian History and Thought|WDC:1985| ((DK34.B53 B55| USA3.srf/slv pbl mnt ntn srf))

<>Carrère d’Encausse,Hélène| a{}
*1991:NYC|>The Great Challenge: Nationalities and the Bolshevik State, 1917-1930| ((SSR ntn))
*1993:N.NY, Basic Books|>The End of the Soviet Empire: The Triumph of the Nations| ((UO|ntn KZX ARM AZR N-K GRZ KIR fdr (pt.3:End of fdrism:113-95) MPR Prs))

<>Chalidze,Viktor| a{}
|>Natsional’nye problemy i perestroika|Benson VT:Chalidze,1988| ((DK288.C45 |215p| prm Grb ntn gte))

<>Conquest,Robert| a{}
|>The Soviet deportation of nationalities|L.ENG:M,1960; N.NY:St. Martin’s P,1960| ((DK33.C6 USA5.ntn nsx.xtx))
|>Harvest of Sorrow: Soviet Collectivization and the Terror-Famine. New York City: Oxford U. paperback,1986
|>Stalin and the Kirov Murder. OXP: 1989
|>The Great Terror: Stalin's Purge of the Thirties. Revised edition. New York City: 1973. DK267.C65 1973

<>Gafurov,Bobodzhan| a{}
On ntn [Riha,Readings,3] prm

<>Getches,David H| a{}
| “Negotiated Sovereignty: Intergovernmental Agreements with American Indian Tribes as Models for Expanding First Nations Self-Government”| Review of constitutional studies:120-??| ((UNCOVER USA5.frn ntn stt.ndp))

<>Glazer,Nathan, and Daniel P. Moynihan, eds| a{}
|>Ethnicity:Theory and Experience|CMA:1975| ((hm101.e75| ntn USA3.nsx))

<>Glazer,Nathan, and Daniel P. Moynihan| a{}
|>Beyond the Melting Pot|:| ((f128.9.a1g55| ntn USA3.nsx))

<>Haghayeghi,Mehrdad| a{}
| “Islam and Politics in Central Asia”|KIARS Meeting Report 12,3 (1994oc24)| ((crn OWN prm CASA YeB ntg Hannafi scl Wahhabi & Sufi sects|ISLic Revival Party(IRP)|ntn ID more “centrifugal” than rlg ID|UZB MPR is major problem|dmk “can rely on sizable ntg~ created in these nations during the Soviet period” (TRKan=exception) cst means of plt struggle will keep rlg forces in check))

<>Hall,Geoff R| a{}
*1992wi:University of Toronto Faculty of Law review#50,1:39-|“The Quest for Native Self-Government: The Challenge of Territorial Sovereignty”| ((UNCOVER stt.ndp USA5.frn ntn cst fdr))

<>Hovannisian,R. G| a{}
|>The Republic of Armenia|2 vols|B.CA:UCP,1971-1982| ((ntn))

<>Iivonen,Jyrki| a{}
|>Independence or Incorporation: The Idea of Poland’s National Self-Determination and Independence within the Russian and Soviet Socialism from the 1870s to the 1920s|Helsinki:| ((|334p 91ap17:bbt rqt| stt.ndp fdr POL ntn RUS2))

<>Kablits,I. I. [Yuzov,I.]| a{}
|>Intelligentsiia i narod v obshchestvennoi zhizni Rossii|SPB:1886| ((IISG=R240/38| prm ntg nrd pbl|303p|ch1=“ntg-nyi biurokratizm i ppl”| 2=“Bor’ba zpd s ntnalizmom”|3=“lbx i ppl”|4=“ntn-yi voprosy v Rossii,vkliuchaia i Jwx-skii”|5=“Eticheskiia ucheniia i ppl”))

<>Kibrik,Andrei| a{}
| “The New Constitution is Incompatible with Russia’s Present National-territorial Division”|93my21:MNe#21:2 & #22:2| ((cst ntn fdr Attacks myth that “every ethnos shall have its statehood and state organization”|Perpetuating old SSR ggr/ntn divisions))

<>Lewis,Robert A., with Richard H. Rowland and Ralph S. Clem|>Nationality and Population Change in Russia and the USSR: An Evaluation of Census Data,1897-1970|N.NY:1976| ((HB3607.L47| xtx nsx ggr ntn gbx pbl RUS3))

<>Liashchenko,Petr Ivn*| History of the National Economy of Russia to the 1917 Revolution| ((ndr ekn.hst))

<>Lind,Michael| a{}
*1994my01:Foreign affairs#73,3:87-|“In Defense of Liberal Nationalism”| ((UNCOVER lbx stt.ndp|NWO idl that every stt shd have its own stage has been the most powerful political force of the past two hundred years|Yet in age of transnationalism and rising demands for stt.ndp, many view secessionist movements as dangerous|USA policy harbors any prejudice against nationals, without distinguishing between benign and malignant strains| Reflexive support for multinational political entities,especially despotic ones,is as misguided as automatically rejecting policies that wld create new national homelands|USA shd no longer consider selective support of oppressed ntn minorities as a policy of last resort))

<>Nekrich,Aleksandr M| a{}
|>June 22,1941: Soviet Historians and the German Invasion|Compiled by Vladimir Petrov|Columbia SC:1968| ((D742.R8.N43| PetVxr WW2 hst.gph wrx))
|>Otreshis’ ot strakha:vospominaniia istorika|L.ENG:1979| ((DK275.N4.A3|xtx part in hst.gph 8x11| prm vsp hst.gph WW2 inx))
|>The Punished Peoples:the Deportation and Fate of Soviet Minorities at the End of the Second World War|N.NY:1978| ((DK33.N44| ntn WW2 STL tlng. of Nakazannye narody. N.NY:1978))
|>Utopia in Power: A History of the USSR from 1917 to the Present|:1986| ((DK266.G3713 [RUS orig=DK265.H45]| gnr Hrgt.mvt RUS3| tlng. of Utopiia u vlasti: Istoriia Sovetskogo soiuza s 1917 goda do nashikh dnei))
In Aksyonov,Glasnost

<>Pantin,I. K.,E. G. Plimak and V. G. Khoros| a{}
|>Revoliutsionnaia traditsiia Rossii,1783-1883 gg|MVA:1986| ((DK188.3.P28|lgc NTR hst.gph|seeking “osobennosti” RUS frd mvt,frm Rds-mrxism w/comparison zpd & ASA;dialectic of international & ntn elements))

<>Polevoi,Nikolai Axi|>PolNA| a{796}
|>Istoriia russkogo naroda|6 vv|SPB:1829-1833| ((OWN|vs.Kmz sttist.hst.gph|Viz:No single stt prior to 15^th c.; multiplicity of stt~ & ntn~,esp. ASA nomads; RUS in midst of wlr.hst| Growth of cent.stt is topic, not presumption. Also pbl (chx) played role| hst.idl influenced by Schelling as found in CsnV; Niebuhr, Gzo, TrrLA))

<>Ra’anan,Uri, ed| a{}
|>Soviet Empire and the Challenge of National and Democratic Movements|Lexington MA:Lexington Books,1990| ((UO; 272p|prm? Grb MPR ntn dmk pbl.mvt))

<>Reznikov,A| a{}
|>Comintern and the East: Strategy and Tactics in the National Liberation Movement|MVA:1984| ((HX11.I5 R478| Ntx3 CMN CASA MPR ntn REV))

<>Rywkin,Michael| a{}
|>Moscow’s Muslim Challenge: Soviet Central Asia|Armonk NY: Sharpe,1982| ((DK859.R98|ntn CAS rlgI))

<>Samardzic,Slobodan| a{}
*1991oc01:Praxis international#11,3:377-|“Dilemma of Federalism in Yugoslavia: Problem of Sovereignty in Multinational Federation”| ((UNCOVER USA2.cst fdr stt.ndp YUG ntn))

<>Seton-Watson,Hugh| a{}
|>Nations and States: An Enquiry into the Origins of Nations and the Politics of Nationalism (1977)| ((prm stt ntn CIV))

<>Shevotsukov,Pshimaf| a{}
*1993mr01:International affairs#3:79-|“Sovereignty of the Republics Comprising the Russian Federation”| ((UNCOVER NWO USA2.cst stt.ndp ntn fdr RUS))

<>Sokol,E| a{}
|>The Revolt of 1916 in Russian Central Asia|Baltimore:1954| ((ntn CAS RREV2))

<>Spuler,Bertold| a{}
RUS & rlgI [TDU]

<>Tillet,Lowell| a{}
|>The Great Friendship: Soviet Historians on the Non-Russian Nationalities|Chapel Hill NC:1969| ((OWN ntn hst))

<>Valikhanov,Chokan-Chingis| a{}n{prm KZX SBR svt trv gbx ntn}o{
}r{
*1968:Alma-Ata|>SoS v 5-ti tomakh|5vv| ((DK855.4.V3|G/Potanin|))
*1968:MVA|>IzP| ((DK854.V292))
s{}t{}8{}

<>Wheeler,Geoffrey| a{}
|>The Modern History of Soviet Central Asia| N.NY:Praeger,1964| ((SSR ntn CASA))

<>Wixman,Ronald| rfr

<>Zenkovsky,Serge A., ed| a{}
|>Pan-Turkism and Islam in Russia|C.MA:1960| ((ntn CAS TRK rlgI))

Modern Russia Field bbl---??:

Reading List On Russia and Soviet Union, 1800-.
Here condensed by removal of most standard titles

State-Government and Politics

Brelauer, George, Khrushchev and Brezhnev as Leaders: Building Authority in Soviet Politcs, (Boston, 1982)| ((Xrw Brj))
Brown, Archie, The Gorbachev Factor, (Oxford, 1996)| ((Grb))
Colton, Timothy J. and Robert C. Tucker, eds., Patterns in Post-Soviet Leadership, (Boulder, Colo., 1995)| ((SSR.gvt))
Cook, Linda J., The Soviet Social Contract and Why It failed, (Cambridge, Mass., 1993)| ((SSR.pbl))
Dallin, Alexander and Gail W. Lapidus eds., The Soviet System from Crisis to Collapse, (Boulder, Colo., 1995)| ((Grb ))
Haimson, Leopold H., ed., The Politics of Rural Russia, 1905-1914, (Bloomington, Ind., 1979).| ((skz vlg plt.clt))
Keep, John, H.L., The Russian Revolution: A study in Mass Mobilization, (New York, 1976)| ((RREV3))
Mc Daniel, Tim, Autocracy, Capitalism, and Revolution in Russia, (Berkeley, Calif., 1988)| ((cpt rvs RREV))
Medvedev, Roy, Khrushchev, (Oxford, 1982)| ((Xrw))
Lincoln, W. Bruce, The Great reforms: Autocracy, Bureaucracy, and the Politics of Change in Imperial Russia, (DeKalb, Ind., 1990)| ((grt.rfm EGR))
Pearson, Thomas S., Russian Officialdom in Crisis: Autocracy and Local Self-Government, 1861-1900, (Cambridge, England, 1989)| ((plt.clt slf.gvt))
Robbins, Richard G., The Tsar’s Viceroys: Russian Provincial Governors in the Last Years of the Empire, (Ithace, N.Y., 1987)| ((gbxor~))

Economy

Gatrell, Peter, The Tsarist Economy, 1850-1917, (New York, 1986)| ((ekn.hst))
Gregory, Paul R., Before Command: An Economic History of Russian from Emancipation to the First Five-Year Plan, (Princeton, 1994)| ((ekn.hst))
Hewett, Ed A. Reforming the Soviet Economy: Equality versus Efficiency, (Washington, 1988)| ((SSR.ekn))
Kotkin, Stephen, Steeltown USSR: Soviet Society in the Gorbachev Era, (Berkeley, Calif., 1991)| ((mfg ekn.hst))
Malle, Sylvana, The Economic Organization of War Communism, 1918-1921, (Cambridge, 1985)| ((Gwrx ekn))
Ploss, Sidney, Conflict and Decision-Making in Soviet Russia: A Case Study of Agricultural Policy, 1953-1963, (Princeton, 1965)| ((SSR.skz))

Culture (Education-Religion-Family-Gender)
Balzer,Marjorie Mandelstam, ed., Russian Traditional Culture: Religion, Gender, and Customary Law, (Armonk, N. Y., 1992)| ((clt))
Buckley,Mary, ed., Prestroika and Soviet Women, (Cambridge, 1992)| ((PRS Grb wmn))
Edmondson,Linda H., Feminism in Russia, 1900-1917, (Stanford, 1984)| ((wmn))
Engelstein,Laura, The Keys to Happiness: Sex and the Search for Modernity in Fin-de-Siecle Russia, (Ithaca, New York, 1992)| ((sxx RREV1))
Fitzparick,Sheila, The Cultural Front: Power and Culture in Revolutionary Russia, (Ithaca, N.Y., 1992)| ((RREV clt))
--|ed., Cultural Revolution in Russia, 1928-1931, (Bloomington, Ind., 1978)| ((SSR.clt))
--|Education and Social Mobility in the Soviet Union, 1921-1934, (Cambridge, 1979)| ((SSR.edc))
Fletcher,William C., A Study in Survival: The Church in Russia, 1917-1943, (London, 1965)| ((chxO))
Fransworth,B, and L. Viola, eds., Russian Peasant Women, (New York, 1992)| ((krx.wmn))
Graham,Loren, The Soviet Academy of Science and the Communist Party, 1927-1931, (Princeton, 1967)| ((SSR AkN KPS))
Johanson,Christine, Women’s Struggle for Higher Education in Russia, 1855-1900, (Montreal, 1987)| ((wmn edc))
Kenez,Peter, The Birth of the Propaganda State: Soviet Methods of Mass Mobilization, 1917-1929, (Cambridge, 1985)| ((SSR plt.clt))
Kolarz,Walter, Religion in the Soviet Union, (London, 1961)| ((SSR rlg))
Lapidus,Gail W. Women in Soviet Society: Equality, Development, and Social Change, (Berkeley, Calif., 1978)| ((SSR wmn))
Miller,Frank J., Folklore for Stalin: Russian Folklore and Pseudofolklore of the Stalin Era, (Armonk, N.Y., 1990)| ((SSR nrd.svt))

Ransel,David, ed., The Family in Imperial Russia: New Lines of Historical Research, (Urbana, Ill., 1978)| ((fmy))
Raune,Christine, Gender, Class, and Professionalization of Russian City Teachers, 1860-1906, (Toronto, 1982)| ((tgt edc))
Robin,Regine, ed., Soviet Literature of the Thirties: A Reappraisal, (Montpelier, Vt., 1986)| ((SSR blt))
Ware,Timothy, The Orthodox Church, (London, 1993)| ((chxO))

Nationalities

Armstrong,John, Ukranian Nationalism, (New York, 1963)| ((UKR ntn))

Bremmer,Ian and Ray Taras, eds., New States, New politics: Building the Post-Soviet Nations, (Cambridge, 1997)| ((SSR ntn))

Connor,Walker, The National Question in Marxist-Leninist Theory and Strategy, (Princeton, N.J., 1984)| ((SSR ntn))

Denber, The Soviet Nationality Reader: The Disintegration in the Context, (Boulder, Colo., 1992)| ((SSR ntn))

Forsyth,James, A History of the Peoples of Siberia: Russia’s North Asian Colony, 1581-1990, (Cambridge, England, 1992)| ((SBR ntn))

Hiro,Dilip, Between Marx and Muhammad: The Changing Face of Central Asia, (London, 1994)| ((ISL ntn))

Gitelman,Zvi Y., Jewish Nationality and Soviet Politics: The Jewish Sections of the CPSU, 1917-1930, (Princeton, N.J., 1972)| ((Jwx ntn))

Kaiser,Robert J., The Geography of Nationalism in Russia and the USSR, (Princeton, N.J., 1994)| ((ntn))

Lapidus,Gail and Victor Zaslavsky, eds., From Union to Commonwealth: Nationalism and Separatism in the Soviet republics, (Cambridge, 1992)} ((ntn fdr))

Leslie,R. F., Reform and Insurrection in Russian Poland, 1856-1865, (Londan, 1963)| ((POL.rbx ntn))

Lieven,Anatol, The Baltic Revolution, (New haven, Conn, 1993)| ((ntn RREV))

Lincoln,W. Bruce, The Conquest of a Continent: Siberia and the Russians, (New York, 1994)| ((SBR frn MPR))

Mace, James E., Communism and the Dilemmas of National Liberation: National Communism in Soviet Ukraine, 1918-1933, (Cambridge, Mass, 1983)| ((UKR ntn))

Martin,Terry D., “An Affirmative Action Empire: Ethnicity and the Soviet State, 1923-1938”, (Ph.D. diss., University of Chicago, 1996)| ((ntn))

Motly,Alexander J., Sovietology, Rationality, Nationality: Coming to Grips with Nationalities Problem in the USSR, (New York, 1990)| ((ntn))

Odom,William E. and Robert Dujarrie, Commonwealth or Empire? Russia, Central Asia, and the Transcaucasus, (Ind., 1995)| ((CAS CAU ntn))

Rauch,Georg von, The Baltic States: The Years of Independence, 1917-1940, (London, 1974)| ((BAL ntn))

Slezkine,Yuri, Arctic Mirrors: Russia and the Small peoples of the North, (Ithaca, N.Y., 1994)| ((ntn))

Stanislawski, Micheal, Tsar Nicholas I and the Jews: The transformation of Jewish Society in Russia, 1825-1855, (1983)| ((Jwx ntn))

Suny,Ronald Grigor, The Revenge of the Past, (1993)| ((ntn))

Upton,Anthony F., The Finish Revolution, 1917-1918, (Berkeley, Calif., 1988)| ((RREV FIN))

Wood,Alan, ed. The History of Siberia: From Russian Conquest to Revolution, (London, 1991)| ((SBR frn MPR))

Vakar,Nicholas P., Belorussia, The Making of a Nation, (1956)| ((BRUS ntn))

Zaprudnik,Jan, Belarus at a Crossroads in History, (Boulder, Colo., 1993)| ((BRUS ntn))

Society

Crisp, Olga and Linda Edmondson, eds., Civil Rights in Imperial Russia, (New York, 1989)| ((cvc.rgt))

Koenker,D., and W. G. Rosenberg, and R.G., Suny, eds., Party, State, and Society in the Russian Civil War: Exploration in Social History, (Bloomington, Ind., 1989)| ((Gwrx sbr.ndr))

Mawdsley,Evan, The Russian Civil War, (Boston, 1987)| ((Gwrx))

Millar,James R. and Sharon L. Wolchik, eds., The Social Legacy of Communism, (Cambridge, 1994)| ((SSR.pbl KPS))

<>Dunlop,John B|
*1983:Princeton|>The Faces of Contemporary Russian Nationalism| ((ntn))

Foreign Policy

Brzezinski,Z. K., The Soviet Bloc: Unity and Conflict, (New York, 1965)| ((irx))

McDonald,David M., United Government and Foreign Policy in Russia, 1900-1914, (Cambridge, 1992)| ((RREV1 irx))

Ullman,Richard H., Anglo-Soviet Relations, 1917-1921, 3vols, (Princeton, 1961-72)| ((irx ENG))

Largely SSR bbl---??:

<>Abramov,Fedor. The New Life: A Day on a Collective Farm. First published as “Vokrug da okolo” [Round and about] in Neva (January 1963). Translated by George Reavy. NYC: Grove,1963| ((prm krx vlg)) 135p

<>Aksenov,Vasilii [Aksyonov,Vassily]. In Search of Melancholy Baby. PG3478.K7Z47713

<>Aksenov,Vasilii. In Proffer Contemp Rus Prose

<>Amalrik,Andrei. Notes of a Revolutionary. New York City: 1982| ((prm CWX)) hv8959.s65a4513

<>Amalrik,Andrei. SSSR i zapad v odnoi lodke. London: Overseas Publication Interchange,1978.

<>Andreev,A. M [Andreyev]. The Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies on the Eve of the October Revolution,March-October,1917. Moscow: 1971| ((ndr))

<>Anschel, Eugene, ed. The American Image of Russia, 1775-1917. NYC:1974| sbr.prm

<>Arbatov,Georgii A. The Soviet Viewpoint. Dodd,Mead. Hamilton bks| ((prm))

<>Bailes,Kendall. Science and Russian Culture in an Age of Revolutions: V. I. Vernadsky and His Scientific School,1863-1945. Bloomington: IUP,1990. QE22.V47 B34

<>Barber,John,and Mark Harrison. The Soviet Home Front,1941-1945: A Social and Economic History of the USSR in World War II. Harlow: Longman,1991| ((prm wrx dms.front WW2))

<>Baron,Salo. The Russian Jew Under Tsars and Soviets. 2nd ed. New York City: 1976| ((ndr ntn Jwx))

<>Belov,Fedor. A History of a Soviet Collective Farm. New York City: Praeger,1955| ((prm krx vlg))

<>Berman,Marvin M. The Treatment of the Soviet Union and Communism in Selected World History Textbooks,1920-1970| ((prm hst.gph| DK/38.8/.B39| USA))

<>Black, Cyril E., ed. Transformation of Russian Society: Aspects of Social Change since 1861. Cambridge MA:1960| sbr.ndr

<>Blakely, Allison. Russia and the Negro: Blacks in Russian History and Thought. Washington DC:1985. DK34.B53 B55| ndr ntn USA

<>Bobroff,Anne. “The Bolsheviks and Working Women”. Soviet Studies 25/26 (July 1973-1974) | ((ndr))

<>Bochenski,Innocentius M. Soviet Russian Dialectical Materialism. Dordrecht: Reidel,1963

<>Bonch-Bruevich,M. From Tsarist General to Red Army Commander| ((prm))

<>Bowlt,John,ed. Russian Art of the Avant-Garde: Theory and Criticism,1902-1934

<>Brodsky,Joseph| ((prm clt blt stx))

<>Brown,Edward J. Major Soviet Writers: Essays in Criticism. Oxford: 1977

<>Brown,Edward J. The Proletarian episode in Russian Literature,1928-1932. New York City: 1953

<>Brown,Edward J.,ed. Russian Literature Since the Revolution. Collier Book: 1969

<>Brumfield,Wm. The Origins of Modernism in Russian Architecture. BUC: 1991

<>Bulgakov,Mikhail Afanas’evich| a{
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Bulgakov,Sergei N| a{
}r{
--|RB-C| “An Urgent Task”
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Bulgakov,Sergei N. “Meditations on the Joy of the Resurrection”. In SUQ:299-309

<>Bunin,Ivan| ((prm clt blt))

<>Carr,Edward Hallett. Twilight of the Comintern,1930-1935. New York City:1983. UO

<>Chagall| ((prm clt xdj))

<>Chamberlin,W. H. Russia's Iron Age. London: 1935| ((prm trv)) 947.084 C355

<>Charques, R. D. Twilight of Imperial Russia. 947.08 C384| ndr gnr.txt

<>Chekhov,Anton| ((prm clt blt ttx))

<>Chulkov,Gerogii|
--|RB-C“On Mythical Anarchism”

<>Clowes,Edith W. The Revolution in Moral Consciousness: Nietzsche in Russian Literature,1890-1914. DeKalb IL: NIUP,1988. PG3015.5.N46c46

<>Cohen,Stephen F. Rethinking the Soviet Experience: Politics and History Since 1917. Oxford England: 1985

<>Cohen,Stephen F. Sovieticus: American Perceptions and Soviet Realities. New York City: 1985| ((ndr USA E183.8.S65 C64))

<>Coox,Alvin D. Nomonhan: Japan Against Russia,1939. 2 volumes

<>Copleston,Frederick C. Ideology,Philosophy and Politics. Waterloo ONT: 1983. B823.3.i36

<>Copleston,Frederick C. Philosophies and Culture. OXP: 1980. B799.C66

<>Copleston,Frederick C. Philosophy in Russia: From Herzen to Lenin and Berdyaev. Notre Dame IN: 1986. B4231.C67

<>Copleston,Frederick C. Russian Religious Philosophy: Selected Aspects. Notre Dame IN: 1988. B4231.C68

<>Counts,George S.,and Nucia Lodge| a{}
*1949:Boston, Riverside Press|>The Country of the Blind: The Soviet System of Mind Control| ((CWX.hst.gph))

<>Cross, A. G., ed. Russia and the West in the Eighteenth Century: Proceedings of the Second International Conference Organized by the Study Group on Eighteenth-century Russia and Held at the University of East Anglia, Norwich, England, 17-22 July, 1981. Newtonville MA:1983| sbr.ndr UO

Crummey, Robert O. Aristocrats and servitors| DK114.C78 1983

<>Crummey,Robert,ed. Reform in Russia and the USSR: Past and Prospects. Urban IL: 1989| ((sbr.ndr.ndr))

<>Culture of the Stalin Period. EBy Hans Gu[??umlaut]nther. Basingstoke: Macmillan,1990| ((sbr.ndr))

<>Cunningham,James. A Vanquished Hope

<>Current Digest of the Soviet Press. D839.C87| ((prm))

<>Dallin,Alexander. German Rule in Russia,1941-1945: A Study of Occupation Policies(rev.,1981). 81de17: bbt.rqt

<>Dallin,David J. Soviet Russia's foreign Policy,1939-1942. New Haven CT: 1942

<>Dallin,David J. The Rise of Russia in Asia. New Haven CT: 1949

<>Dallin,David J.,and Boris I. Nicolaevsky. Forced Labor in Soviet Russia. New Haven CT: 1947

<>Daniels,Robert V.,ed|
--|A Documentary History of Communism. 2nd revised edition. 2 volumes. Hanover: 1984. D228 335.4| ((sbr.prm))
--|A Documentary History of Communism. 2nd revised edition. 2 volumes. Hanover: 1984| ((sbr.prm)) D228 335.4
--|The Stalin Revolution: Fulfillment or Betrayal of Communism? Heath Series: Problems in European Civilization. DK267.D23

<>Daniels,Robert. Red October: The Bolshevik Revolution of 1917. NYC: 1967| ((ndr RREV3))

<>Davies,Robert William. The Industrialisation of Soviet Russia. Volume 1: “The Socialist Offensive: The Collectivisation of Soviet Agriculture,1929-1930”. Volume 2: “The Soviet Collective Farm,1929-1930”. Cambridge: 1980

<>Davis,Lynn Etheridge. The Cold War Begins: Soviet-American Conflict over Eastern Europe. Princeton NJ: PUP,1974| ((ndr CWX))

<>Dawisha,Karen. The Kremlin and the Prague Spring. Berkeley: UCP,1984| ((ndr CZC dsn CWX))

<>Deane,John R. The Strange Alliance: The Story of Our Efforts at Wartime Co-operation with Russia. New York City: 1947| ((prm WW2 USA)) 940.93322 D346 (1973 ed.)

<>Degras,Jane,and Alec Nove,eds. Soviet Planning: Essays in Honor of Naum Jasny. Oxford: 1964. HC335.D36

<>Degras,Jane,ed. Calendar of Soviet documents on Foreign Policy,1917-1941. 3 volumes (1951-1953) | ((prm)) UO

<>Degras,Jane,ed. Soviet Documents on Foreign Policy. Vol. 1: 1917-1924;vol. 2,1925-1932;vol. 3,1933-1941. London: 1951| ((prm)) 327.47 D364

<>Degras,Jane,ed. The Communist International,1919-1943: Documents. 3 volumes. London: 1956-1965| ((prm)) HX111.I5 A5314

<>Diaghilev,Sergei| a{
--| RB-C| “Complex Questions: Our Imaginary Decadence”

<>Digest of the Soviet Ukrainian Press. Munich: 1958+| ((prm)) DK508.8.D52

<>Dostoevskii,Fedor M. Notes from the Underground

<>Dostoevskii,Fedor M. The Possessed

<>Dunmore,Timothy. Soviet Politics,1945-1953. St. Martin's P,1984| ((ndr SSR.plt.clt))

<>Dunmore,Timothy. The Stalinist Command Economy: The Soviet State Apparatus and Economic Policy,1945-1953. St. Martin's P,1980

<>Edgerton,William,ed. -- Memoirs of Peasant Tolstoyans in Soviet Russia. Bloomington IN: IUP,1993| ((prm krx TolL)) 308p lxt

<>Eisenstein,Sergei. “The Method of Making Workers' Films [1925]” [Rosenberg,Boshevik: 375-77];FLM prl clt RREV.khd

<>Eisenstein,Sergei. On his worthless & vicious flm [Riha,Readings,3]

<>Erickson,John. The Road to Stalingrad: Stalin's War with Germany (1975) | ((ndr WW2 mlt))

<>Erickson,John. The Soviet High Command: A Military-Political History,1918-1941. New York City: 1962| ((mlt))

<>Erlich,Alexander. The Soviet Industrialization Debate,1924-1928. Cambridge: 1960

<>Erlich,Alexander. Stalin & Marxist Growth Models [Tucker,Stalinism]

<>Eudin,Xenia,and H. Fisher,eds. Soviet Russia and the West,1920-1927: A Documentary Survey| ((prm)) 327.47 Eu26 S

<>Eudin,Xenia,and Robert M. Slusser,eds. Soviet Foreign Policy,1928-1934: Documents and Materials. 2 volumes. University Park,Pennsylvania: 1966-1967| ((prm)) DK63.E8

<>Eudin,Xenia,and Robert North,eds. Soviet Russia and the East,1920-1927: A Documentary Survey. Stanford: 1957| ((prm)) 327.47 Eu26

<>Fainsod,Merle. “Bureaucracy and Modernization: the Russian and Soviet Case”. In Bureaucracy and Political Development. Edited by J. La Palombara. Princeton: 1963: 233-67| ((ndr))

<>Fainsod,Merle. GO Hough,J

<>Fediukin on the intelligentsia in the early Soviet period. HT690.R9F4313

<>Fedorov,Nikolai Fed. “The Christian Origins of Freedom”. In SUQ: 281-296

<>Fedorov,Nikolai Fed. “The Restoration of Kinship Among Mankind”. In SUQ: 175-224

<>Filtzer,Donald A. Soviet Workers and Stalinist Industrialization: The Formation of Modern Soviet Production Relations,1928-1941. Armonk NY: 1986. HD8526.F49

<>Gaddis, John Lewis. Russia, The Soviet Union, and the United States: An Interpretive History. Second edition. NYC:McGraw, 1990 (1978). E183.8.R9g24| ndr gnr.txt irx

<>Gaddis,John Lewis. Russia,The Soviet Union,and the United States: An Interpretive History. Second edition. New York City: 1990 (1978) | ((ndr gnr.txt))

<>Gaddis,John Lewis. The United States and the Origins of the Cold War,1941-1947. New York City: 1972| ((ndr CWX))

<>Gankin,Olga H.,and H. H. Fisher,eds. The Bolsheviks and the World War: The Origins of the Third International. Stanford: 1940,1960| ((sbr.prm)) 335.4 G155

<>Garafola,Lynn. Diaghilev's Ballets Russes. OXP: 1989. 576p

<>Garrard, John Gordon, ed. The Eighteenth Century in Russia. Oxford ENG:1973. DK127.G33| sbr ndr??

<>Garrison,Mark,and Abbott Gleason,eds. Shared Destiny: Fifty Years of Soviet American Relations. 1985| ((ndr USA CWX)) E183.8.S65 S54

<>Gershenzon,Mikhail. Correspondence GO Ivanov

<>Gershenzon,Mikhail. Tvorcheskoe samosoznanie. MVA: 1909;reprint,Latchworth ENG: Prideaux P,1980. B4238.G5t83

<>Gibian,George,and H. W. Tjalsma. Russian Modernism: Culture and the Avant-garde,1900-1930. Ithaca: Cornell,1976. PG3020.5.M6r8

<>Gilbert,Martin. -- Soviet Historical Atlas. : ((G211.S1g53 rfr SSR lxt ggr))

<>Gilbert,Martin. Soviet Historical Atlas| ((prm)) G211.S1g53

<>Gladkov,Fedor V. Cement [1925]. TBy A. S. Arthur and C. Ashleigh. NYC: Ungar,1960

<>Glenny,Michael,and Norman Stone,eds. The Other Russia: The Experience of Exile| ((gte))

<>Goldman,Marshall I. The Spoils of Progress: Environmental Pollution in the Soviet Union. MIT P,1972| ((ndr gnr ecx USA))

<>Gorky,Maxim,Karl Radek,Nikolai Bukharin,Andrei Zhdanov. Soviet Writers' Congress,1934: The Debate on Socialist Realism and Modernism in the Soviet Union. London: 1977. PG2925.V7 1934e

<>Got'e,Yurii Vladimirovich. Time of Troubles: The Diary of Iurii Vladimirovich Got'e,Moscow,July 8,1917[,] to July 23,1922. Translated by Terence Emmons. Princeton NJ: 1988. DK265.6.G66a3

<>Graham,Loren R. Science and Philosophy in the Soviet Union. New York City: Knopf,1972

<>Gray,Camilla. The Great Experiment: Russian Art,1863-1922. AAA N6988.G7

<>Great Britain, Foreign Office. British Documents on Foreign Affairs. DOC DK266.A3b68 etc| >GFO??| sbr.prm

<>Grot,Nikolai| a{}

--|RB-C| “On the Task of Philosophy”

<>Gruber,Helmut,ed. International Communism in the Era of Lenin: A Documentary History. Ithaca NY: 1967| ((prm HX40.G74))

<>Gruber,Helmut,ed. Soviet Russia Masters the Comintern: International Communism in the Era of Stalin's Ascendancy. Garden City NY: 1974| ((prm)) HX11.I567

<>Harrison,Mark. Soviet Planning in Peace and War,1938-1945. Cambridge ENG: 1985| ((prm ekn 5yp HCd335.6.H37))

<>Hochman,Jiri. The Soviet Union and the Failure of Collective Security,1934-1938. Ithaca: CUP,1984

<>Hosking,Geof.,ed. Church,Nation and State in Russia and Ukraine. LND: Macmillan,1991| ((ndr rlg plt.clt))

<>Hough,Jerry F| a{}
*1969:|>The Soviet Perfects: The Local Party Organs in Industrial Decision-Making| ((SSR mfg.apx KPS))

*1986:|>The Struggle for the Third World: Soviet Debates and American Options| ((ndr Twrl trx CWX D888.S65H68))

<>Hough,Jerry F.,and Merle Fainsod|>How the Soviet Union is Governed. Cambridge,MA: 1979| ((JN6531.F3 1979| ndr gnr.txt| cf=Fainsod))

<>Huxley,Aldous. Brave New World

<>Iivonen,Jyrki. Independence or Incorporation: The Idea of Poland's National Self-Determination and Independence within the Russian and Soviet Socialism from the 1870s to the 1920s. Helsinki| ((ndr POL ntn fdr plt.clt)) 334p

<>Inber,Vera. Leningrad Diary| ((prm vsp WW2 LGR))

<>Inkeles,Alex,and Raymond Bauer. The Soviet Citizen: Daily Life in a Totalitarian Society. New York City: 1968 [reprint of 1959 original edition]

<>Jasny,Naum. Soviet Economists of the Twenties: Names to be Remembered. Cambridge: 1972

<>Jasny,Naum. Soviet Industrialization,1928-1952. Chicago: 1961

<>Jelavich, Barbara. A Century of Russian Foreign Policy, 1814-1914. Philadelphia:1964| ndr irx

<>Josephson,Paul. Physics and Politics in Revolutionary Russia. BUC: 1991

<>Kalbouss,George. Russian Culture: An Outline

<>Kandinskii,Vasilii| ((prm clt xdj))

<>Kapitsa,Petr| ((prm clt scs))

<>Karpovich, Michael|
--|A Lecture on Russian History. Russian Text Accented, Annotated, and Glossed by Horace G. Lunt.The Hague:1964. 491.7 K148; NB! Phonotape TL 40
--|Imperial Russia, 1801-1917. NYC:1932. 947 K148| ndr gnr.txt
--|Two Types of Liberalism: Maklakov & Miliukov [Simmons,Continuity &Harcave,Readings,2] | ((ndr RREV1 Dmx lbx MklV MlkP))

<>Kemp-Welch,A. Stalin and the Literary Intelligentsia,1928-39. LND: Macmillan,1991

<>Kennan,George Frost. Origins of the Cold War: The Novikov,Kennan,and Roberts “Long Telegrams” of 1946. WDC: United States Institute of Peace,1991| ((prm CWX))

<>Kennan,George Frost. Soviet-American Relations,1917-1920. Volume 1: “Russia Leaves the War;” volume 2: “The Decision to Intervene”. Princeton: 1956-1958| ((ndr WW1 irx USA))

<>Khabalov,on RusRev2| ((prm)) [Riha,Readings,3]

<>Khromov,S. S.,ed. History of Moscow| ((ndr grd MVA bbt.rqt 86.02))

<>Kochan,Lionel,ed. The Jews in Soviet Russia since 1917. Oxford England: OUP,1970| ((ndr gnr ntn Jwx))

<>Koestler,Arthur. Darkness at Noon| ((prm))

<>Koestler,Arthur. Yogi and the Commissar| ((prm))

<>Koriev??| ((prm clt phl??))

<>Kropotkin,Petr. Mutual Aid

<>Kurskaia bitva. Translated as The Battle of Kursk. Moscow: Progress,1974| ((ndr WW2 Contains the analysis of Ivan Konev,Georgii Zhukov,Alexander Vasilevskii,Konstantin Rokossovskii,et al))

<>Laird,Roy. Collective Farming in Russia: A Political Study of the Soviet Kolkhoz. Lawrence KS: 1958. HD 1491.R9 L312

<>Last Letters From Stalingrad | ((prm WW2))

<>Lewis,Robert A. ??Nationality & Population| ((ndr ggr nsx)) HB3607.L47

<>Leyda,Jay. Kino

<>Liberman,E. G. Economic Methods and the Effectiveness of Production. Originally published as Ekonomicheskie metody povysheniia effektivnosti obshchestvennogo proizvodstva (1970). Garden City NY: Anchor,1973| ((prm 5YP SSR.ekn.rfm))

<>Liehm,Mira,and Antonin Liehm. The Most Important Art: Soviet and East European Film after 1945. BUC: 1977

<>Linz,Susan J.,ed. The Impact of World War II on the Soviet Union. Totowa NJ: Rowman & Allanheld,1985| ((ndr WW2)) D829.S65146

<>Lobachevskii| ((prm clt scs mth))

<>Luckyj,George S. N. Literary Politics in the Soviet Ukraine,1917-1934. New York City: CUP,1956

<>Lysenko| ((prm clt scs ))

<>Maiakovskii,Vladimir

<>Manakin,V 917su: mlt shock battalions [Moh.RR]

<>Mandelstam,Nadezhda. Hope Against Hope: A Memoir. NY: 1970

<>Mandelstam,Osip. Poems. Translated by James Greene. Granada. Hamilton bks

<>Mandelstam,Osip. “Mandelshtam's Acmeist Manifesto”. Translated by Clarence Brown with notes. RRe 24,no. 1

<>Mandelstam,Osip| ((prm clt blt stx))

<>McCauley,Martin. Khrushchev and the Development of Soviet Agriculture: The Virgin Lands Programme,1953-1964. Holmes and Meier,1976| ((ndr SSR ekn.rfm XrwN))

<>McNeal,Rbt H. Stalin: Man and Ruler. CUP. 389p

<>McNeal,Robert H.,and R. C. Elwood,eds. Resolutions and Decisions of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Vol. 1,“The RSDLP,1898-October 1917” (Elwood);vol. 2,in four books,“The Early Soviet Period,1917-1929” (McNeal). Toronto: 1974| ((sbr.prm)) JN6598.K7 R455

<>Medvedev,Roy. All Stalin's Men. Anchor pb. Hamilton bks| ((prm dsn))

<>Medvedev,Roy. Let History Judge: The Origins and Consequences of Stalinism. NY: 1971

<>Medvedev,Roy. Essay in Tucker,Stalinism

<>Medvedev,Zhores A. The Rise and Fall of T. D. Lysenko. New York City: CUP,1969

<>Mendeleev,Dmitrii| ((prm clt scs))

<>Merezhkovskii,Dmitrii| a{}
--|RB-C| “Revolution and Religion”

<>Mickiewicz,Ellen|
*1988:OXP|Split Signals: Television and Politics in the Soviet Union| ((304p))

<>Miller,Wright W. Leningrad. Series: Cities of the World,vol. 13| ((prm grd)) DK552.M54

<>Miller,Wright W. Russians as People. New York City: 1961| ((prm trv)) DK276.M5

<>Mirsky,Prince Dmitrii. Contemporary Russ Literature. PG2951.M52

<>Mirsky,Prince Dmitrii. History of Russian Literature. 891.709 M679h

<>Mussorgskii,Modest| ((prm clt mzk))

<>Nabokov,Vladimir. The Gift [contains critique of Chernyshevskii]

<>Nabokov,Vladimir| ((prm clt blt))

<>Narkiewicz,Olga A| Marxism and the Reality of Power,1919-1980. New York City: 1981. HX40.N32

<>Narkiewicz,Olga A. The Making of the Soviet State Apparatus. Manchester England: MUP,1970

<>Neizvestny,Ernst| ((prm clt xdj))

<>Nekrich,A. M. June 22,1941: Soviet Historians and the German Invasion. Compiled by Vladimir Petrov. Columbia SC: 1968| ((ndr WW2)) D742.R8.N43

<>Nekrich,A. M. The Punished Peoples: the Deportation and Fate of Soviet Minorities at the End of the Second World War. New York City: 1978| ((ndr WW2)) DK33.N44

<>Nekrich,A. M. Utopia in Power: A History of the USSR from 1917 to the Present. 1986. noUO (Russian orig.,yesUO: DK265.H45)

<>Nenarokov,A. P. Russia in the Twentieth Century: The View of a Soviet Historian. New York City: 1968. DK246.N4513

<>Nenarokov,A. P.,ed. History of the USSR. 3 volumes. Moscow: 1977. DK266.H44

<>Nove,Alec. The Soviet Economy. Etc.,many titles

<>Novgorodtsev,Pavel| a{}
--|RB-C| “The Essence of the Russian Orthodox Conscience”

<>Novikov,Nikolai,*1946:USSR ambassador to USA. GO Kennan, Origins | ((prm CWX))

<>Offord, Derek. Portraits of Russian political figures??. DK189.2.o27| ndr plt.clt

<>Okudzhava,Bulat

<>Orwell,George. 1984

<>Pasternak,Boris. Doctor Zhivago

<>Pavlov,Dm,on the Leningrad Blockade [Riha,Readings,3] | ((prm WW2 LGR))

<>Pavlov,Ivan| ((prm clt scs))

<>Pereira,N. G. O. The Thought and Teachings of N. G. Cernysevskij .

<>Pintner, Walter M., and Don K. Rowney, eds. Russian Officialdom. Chapel Hill:1980.2| sbr.ndr

<>Pomper,Ph. Lenin,Trotsky,and Stalin: The Intelligentsia and Power. CUP: 1990. 446p

<>Ponomarev,Boris N.,ed| a{
}r{
*1938:NYC|>The Plot Against the Soviet Union and World Peace: Facts and Documents Compiled from the Verbatim Report of the Court Proceedings in the Case of the Anti-Soviet “Bloc of Rights and Trotskyites”| ((prm)) DK267.P64
G/KPS
}s{}t{}8{}

<>Porter,Bruce D. The USSR in Third World Conflicts: Soviet Arms and Diplomacy in Local Wars,1945-1980. Cambridge England: CUP,1984| ((ndr CWX Twrl))

<>Pospielovsky,Dimitry. The Russian Church under the Soviet Regime,1917-1982. Two volumes (1984)

<>Potichnyj,Peter J. Soviet Agricultural Trade Unions,1917-1970. Toronto: TUP,1972| ((HD6734.A28p67| skz krx unx))

<>Proffer & Proffer,eds. Silver Age of Russian Culture: An Anthology. Ann Arbor: Ardis,1975. PG3213.S5

<>Prokofiev,Sergei| ((prm clt mzk))

<>Prokoviev,Sergei

<>Pryde,Philip R. Conservation in the Soviet Union. Cambridge England: 1972. S934.R9P76

<>Pundeff,Marin,ed.| History in the USSR: Selected Readings. San Francisco: 1967| ((sbr.prm hst.gph D16.4.R9p8))

<>Readings in Russian Philosophical Thought: Philosophy of History. Edited and translated by Louis J. Shein. D16.8.R34

<>Repin,Ilia| ((prm clt xdj))

<>Reznikov,A. Comintern and the East: Strategy and Tactics in the National Liberation Movement. MVA: 1984. HX11.I5 R478

<>Roberts,Frank,46: ENG charge d'affaires in MVA. GO Kennan, Origins | ((prm CWX))

<>Rostropovich,Dmitrii?? | ((prm clt mzk))

<>Rozanov,Vasilii Vasil’evich. “On Sweetest Jesus and the Bitter Fruits of the World”. In RB-C | SUQ:227-240

<>Russian Revolution: Essays,Photographs,and Exerpts from Classic Works about the Men [sic] and Ideas that Shaped the Most Significant Revolution of the 20th Century. NYC: Macmillan,1967| ((sbr.prm)) DK265.a145

<>Russian Version of the Second World War: the History of the War as Taught to Soviet Schoolchildren. Edited by Graham Lyons. Translated by Marjorie Vanston. New York City: Facts on File,1976,1983| ((ndr WW2)) D743.R87

<>Salisbury,Harrison E. The 900 Days: The Siege of Leningrad. New York City: 1969| ((ndr WW2))

<>Shmemann,Aleksandr|>Schmemann,Alexander,ed. Ultimate G/APL ((|>SUQ))

<>Seaton,Albert. The Russo-German War,1941-1945. New York City: Praeger,1971| ((ndr WW2))

<>Sechenov,Ivan M. Autobiographical Notes. MVA: 1952. UO=Science R534.S4 A313

<>Seton-Watson,Hugh. Niether War Nor Peace: The Struggle for Power in the Post War World. New York City: 1960| ((ndr CWX)) D840.S4

<>Seton-Watson,Hugh. The East European Revolution. NYC: Praeger,1965| ((ndr CWX))

<>Shostakovich,Dmitrii

<>Shostakovich,Dmitrii| ((prm clt mzk))

<>Sikorskii| ((prm clt njn))

<>Sino-Soviet Dispute, 1956-1963: Extracts from Recent Documents|Gittins,John, ed| LND: 1964| ((prm UO))

<>Slonim,Marc. Soviet Russian Liturature: Writers and Problems. Second edition. : 1977. PG3022.S54

<>Slusser,Robert M.,and George Ginsburgs,eds. A Calendar of Soviet Treaties. Volume 1: 1917-1957. Stanford CA: 1959;Volume 2: 1958-1973. Nijhof NDR: 1981| ((prm)) Documents JX757.5.G56

<>Small,Melvin,and J. David Singer. Resort to Arms: International and Civil Wars,1816-1980. Beverly Hills CA: 1982| ((prm xtx wrx rfr))

<>Sokol,E. The Revolt of 1916 in Russian Central Asia. Baltimore: 1954| ((ndr ntn rvs RREV2))

<>Solzhenitsyn,Alexander I| a{}
--|The Gulag Archipelago 1918-1956: An Experiment in Literary Investigation| 3vv| New York City: 1974-76| ((prm))
--|August 1914
--|Cancer Ward

<>Sorokin,Pitirim| ((prm clt pbl.scs))

<>Souvarine,Boris. Stalin: A Critical Survey of Bolshevism. Alliance Book Co.,1939| ((prm))

<>Soviet Studies in History: A Journal of Translations| ((sbr.prm hst.gph))

<>Soviet Studies in Literature (1964/65-)| ((prm))

<>Soviet Studies in Philosophy (1962-)| ((prm))

<>Spinka,Mathiew. The Church and the Russian Revolution. NYC: 1956.

<>Starr,S. Frederick. Red and Hot: The Fate of Jazz in the Soviet Union,1917-1930. Oxford England: OUP,1983

<>Stravinskii,Igor| a{
}r{
}s{
--|Asaf'ev,Boris. Book about Stravinsky
--|Pasler,Jann,ed. Confronting Stravinsky: Man,Musician,and Modernist. BUC: 1986
--|Van den Toorn,Pieter C. Stravinsky and the Rite of Spring: The Beginnings of a Musical language. BUC: 1987
--|White,Eric Walter. Stravinsky: The Composer and His Works. BUC: 1979
}t{}8{}

<>Tatu,Michel. Power in the Kremlin: From Khrushchev to Kosygin. New York City: 1969| ((ndr SSR.plt.clt))

<>Tchaikovsky,Petr| ((prm clt mzk))

<>Thomson,Boris. The Premature Revolution: Russian Literature and Society,1917-1946. London: Weidenfield and Nicolson,1972

<>Todd, William M., III, ed. Literature and Society in Imperial Russia, 1800-1914. Stanford:1978| sbr.ndr

<>Todes,Daniel P. Darwin without Malthus: The Struggle for Existence in Russian Evolutionary Thought. OXP: 1989. 320p

<>Trifonov,Yury [Proffer,Contemp Rus Prose]

<>Urlanis,B. Wars and Population| ((prm nsx WW2))

<>Valkenier Russian Realist Art. 225p

<>Vertov,Dziga.Kino-Eye. BUC: 1984

<>Voznesenskii,Nikolai A. The Economy of the USSR During World War II. Washington DC: 1948| ((prm ekn 5YP)) HC335.V752

<>Vronskaya,Jeanne.A Biographical Dictionary of the Soviet Union,1917-1988. LND: Saur,1989. REF ct1213.v76

<>Vucinich,Alexander S|
--|Darwin in Russian Thought. BUC: 1988
--|Empire of Knowledge: The Academy of Sciences of the USSR,1917-1970. Berkeley: UCP,1984
--|Science in Russian Culture. 2 volumes. SUP: 1963-1970. Q127.R9v8

<>Wadekin,Karl-Eugen. The Private Sector in Soviet Agriculture. Berkeley: UCP,1973

<>Walsh,E. A. The Fall of the Russian Empire. Boston:1928. 947.084 W168

<>Warth,Robert D. The Allies and the Russian Revolution: From the Fall of the Monarchy to the Peace of Brest-Litovsk. Durham: 1954| ((ndr VRM RREV3 Gwrx irx))

<>Weeks,Albert L. Soviet Nomenklatura: A Comprehensive Roster of Soviet Civilian and Military Officials. Third ed. WDC: 1991| ((mlt))

<>Werth,Alexander. Russia at War,1941-1945 (1964) | ((OWN| prm trv WW2))

<>Werth,Alexander. Russia: The Postwar Years. New York City: 1971| ((ndr WW2))

<>Wetter,Gustav A. Dialectical Materialism: A Historical and Systematic Survey of Philosophy in the Soviet Union. TBy Peter Heath. NYC: Praeger,1958

<>Wheeler,Geoffrey. The Modern History of Soviet Central Asia. New York City: Praeger,1964

<>Wiener,Norbert| ((prm clt scs mth))

<>Wilczynski,J.,ed. An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Marxism,Socialism and Communism. Berlin:1981. REF HX17.W54

<>Williams,Robert C. Artists in Revolution: Portraits of the Russian Avant-garde,1905-1925

<>Williams,William A. American-Russian Relations,1781-1947. New York City: 1952. E183.8.R9 W63

<>Witkin,Zara. An American Engineer in Stalin's Russia: The Memoirs of Zara Witkin,1932-1934. EBy Michael Gelb. BUC: 1991| ((prm))

<>Zacek, J. C| a{}
*1968my:The Historian#30:412-38| “Champion of the Past: D. A. Tolstoi as Minister of the Interior, 1882-1889”. ((ndr plt.clt TolDA rxn))

<>Zernov,Nicholas. Three Russian Prophets: Khomiakov,Dostoevsky,Soloviev. London: 1944

RUS.4.bbl.loadlst---??:

Afanas'ev,Yurii
Aganbegian
Aksyonov
Amerisov
Argumenty i fakty
Ash,Tim
Aslund,Anders
Black,J.
??USSR Documents:The Gorbachev Reforms (under title or subtitle)
Brumberg,Abraham
Burbank,Jane,and William G. Rosenberg
Burlatskii,Fedor
Cohen,S
Colton
Crummey,Robert,ed
Current Digest
Dallin & Rice ??
Davies,Robert W
Dawisha,Karen
Dean,Jonathan
Desai,Padma
Doder,D
Eisen,Jonathan
Eklof,B
Glebov,Oleg and John Crowfoot
Goldfarb,Jeffrey C
Goldman,What Went Wrong??
Gorbachev,M
Green,William C.,et al
Handelman,Comrad Criminal??
\Harriman Institute
Hazard,John N.,Boris S. Krylov
Hewett,Ed A
Hill,Ronald J
Hough,J
Jones,Thomas Anthony
Iliev,P
Iroshnikov,Bez retushi??
\Istoriia Rossii:Khrestomatiia\
Kaufman,William W
Kerblay
Khasbulatov,R
Kimball,Alan
Kittrie,Nicholas
Kondratev,Miroslav
Kotkin,Stephen
\Kto est kto\
Laird,Roy
Lane,David,ed
Lapidus,Gail
Lewin
McCauley,
Medvedev
Melville,Andrei
\MEMO\
Miller,Grb & the End??
Miller,William Green
Morrison
Muckle,James
Naylor,Thomas H
New York Times
Nove,Alec
Petro,Nicolai N
Popov,Gavriil
Pugo ?? GO Grb\Current\and\Political\
Ra“anan,Uri
Radio Free Europe
Rahr,Alexander
Raleigh,Donald
Rosenberg,Chanie
Rothschild,Return??
\Russia and the Successor States
Rywkin,Michael
Shelton,Judy
Shipler,Russia??
Shmelev,Nikolai
Shneidman,N
Sixsmith,Martin
Sliunkov,Nikolai
Smith|Nationalities??
Stojanovic,Svetozar
Stokes
Tarasulo
Tatu,Michel
Tedstrom,John E
Terebilov
Thackur,Ramesh
Thom,Fran
Tismaneanu,Vladimir
United States Foreign Broadcast
USSR,
USSR|
Volkova,Rimma
Walker,Martin
Yakovlev,A
Yakovlev,Egor
Zaslavskaia
Zemtsov,Ilia